An A4 bound report which shows a detailed explanation of the integration and calculations of day lighting, artificial lighting and its design intention (PSALI).

1. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONS) IN
ARCHITECTURE
BUILDING SCIENCE 2 (BLD 61303 / ARC 3413)
PROJECT 2: INTERGRATION PROJECT
(with integration with Design Studio 5 Project 2)
Student Name: Patricia Kong Weng Yee
Student ID: 0315837
Tutor: Mr. Azim Sulaiman
Date of Submission: 30.11.2016

2. TABLE OF CONTENT
1.0 – (IN)TRODUCTION
1.1 Objectives
1.2 Project Description
1.3 Floor Plans
2.0 – (LI)GTHING
2.1 Daylighting Factor Analysis
2.1.1: Café
2.1.2: Library
2.2 Artificial Lighting Analysis
2.2.1: Café
2.2.2: Library
2.3 Permanent Supplementary Artificial Lighting (PSALI)
2.3.1: Café
2.3.2: Library
3.0 – (RE)FERENCES

3. 1.0 – (IN)TRODUCTION
1.1 Objectives
This project aims to integrate the understanding of the principle of lighting in
the context of the final design of Design Studio 5. This project involves the
ability to think ahead of the daylighting systems and the integration of artificial
lighting in the community library.
1.2 Project Description
Located along the streets of Petaling Street in Kuala Lumpur, the new
community library integrates a vibrant space for the nearby community. The
community library is intended to be an interesting place for them to chill and
relax that at the same time welcome people of all ages and backgrounds in.
The role of the library is to be the centre of community interaction. With the
design concept of proving the community a sense of space, the floors of the
library are made with different heights and voids. The community library also
integrates a self-sustaining environment whereby there are community spaces
like the community kitchen which feeds the homeless people.

4. 1.3 Floor Plans
Figure 1: Floor plan of the café on the first floor

5. Figure 2: The floor plan of the library which is situated on the second floor of the
library

6. 2.0 – (LI)GTHING
2.1 Daylighting Factor Analysis
Daylighting factor also known as DF for short, is defined as the ration of interior
illuminance, Ei, to the available outdoor illuminance, Eo. This can be defined through
the formula:
𝐷𝑎𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 (𝐷𝐹) =
𝐸𝑖 (𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 𝐼𝑙𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒)
𝐸𝑜 (𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 𝐼𝑙𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒)
The daylight factor concept is only applicable when the sky distribution is known or
can be reasonably estimated. In this case, the average value of the daylight level in
Malaysia is assumed to be around 20, 000 lux
The daylight factors can be categorized into these few options;
Daylight factor, DF (%) Distribution
> 6
Very bright with thermal and glare
problem
3 – 6 Bright
1 – 3 Average
0 – 1 Dark
Table 1: Daylight factor, DF
Daylight is used in several spaces initially with the purpose of reducing the usage of
mechanical energy usage in the library. In this project, the spaces chosen are the café
and the library.

7. 2.1.1 – Café
The café is a mezzanine floor that adopts an open plan design and placed in the
centre with wide openings from both side, allowing possible sunlight to enter into the
space.
Figure 3: The location of the café on the first floor plan

8. Floor Area (m²) 245.30m²
Area of Opening Exposed to Sunlight
Perimeter: (5.2 + 7.6 + 5.2 + 7.6) = 25.6m
Height: 4.5m
Area: 25.6 × 4.5 = 115.2m²
Daylight Factor
DF =
E𝑖
E𝑜
×100%
=
115.2
245.3
×100%
= 4.7%
Natural Illumination Conclusion
Given that E𝑜 is 20,000 lux
DF =
E𝑖
E𝑜
×100%
4.7 =
E𝑖
20000
×100%
E𝑖 = 940 lux
The selected café area has a daylight factor of 4.7% and a natural illuminance of 940
lux. Based on the requirements of MS 1525 whereby the café only required at least
200 lux of illuminance in the area, the café has 7.4% more than the standard
requirement causing the space to be bright and a possibility of having thermal glare
problems.
Therefore, in order to help reduce the illuminance to 200 lux, the opening of both side
of the café will be added with double skin façade to prevent thermal glare problems
into the café area. Although most of the space of the café is dim due to the lack of
sunlight, artificial lights will be added.
Figure 4: The light contour diagram of the café (made with Revit)

9. 2.1.2 – Library
The second space that is selected is the library area. It is located on the second floor
of the community library. The reason of choice is due to the presence of area being
exposed to the sun by the mass number of opening.
Figure 5: The location of the library on the second floor plan
Floor Area (m²) 483m²
Area of Opening Exposed to Sunlight
Perimeter: (9.2+16.1+9.2+16.1) = 50.6m
Height: 3.5m
Area: 50.6 × 3.5 = 177.1m²

10. Daylight Factor
DF =
E𝑖
E𝑜
×100%
=
177.1
483
×100%
= 3.7%
Natural Illumination Conclusion
Given that E𝑜 is 20,000 lux
DF =
E𝑖
E𝑜
×100%
3.7 =
E𝑖
20000
×100%
E𝑖 = 740 lux
The selected library area has a daylight factor of 3.7% and a natural illuminance of
740 lux. Based on the standard requirements for a library space in MS 1525, the
library has 3.4% more than the requirement in which the space is brighter than the
required standard.
Therefore, in order to reduce the brightness of the library to the average illuminance
value of 400 (as MS 1525 standard requirement is about 300 – 500 lux for the
library), the openings of the glass can be tinted with a slight darker colour or adding
curtain blinds or louvers blind to the opening, This is to prevent the additional glare
into the space.
Figure 6: Light contour of the library (made with Revit)

11. 2.2 Artificial Lighting Analysis
2.2.1 – Café
Material Properties
Material Function Colour Surface
Type
Reflectance
Value
Concrete Ceiling Grey Reflective 70
Plaster Wall White Reflective 50
Timber Floor Brown Reflective 20
Lighting Fixture Properties
Type of Fixture Amadora 3 Light Pendant
Specification Width/ Diameter: 720mm
Depth: 105mm
Height: 1100mm
Voltage: 240V
Wattage: 53W
Bulb Finish: Warm white
Colour Temperature: 2700k
Lumen Method Calculation
Space Café
Dimension L: 15.4m W: 8.6m H:4.5m
Total floor area 132.44m²
Lumens of lighting fixture, F (lux) 774 lm
Standard Illumination Requirement 200
Room Reflectance
Ceiling: 0.7
Wall: 0.5
Floor: 0.2
Luminance Height 2.4m
Mounting Height 1.1m

12. Room Index
𝑅𝐼 =
𝐿 ×𝑊
𝐻 × (𝐿 + 𝑊)
=
15.4 ×8.6
1.1 × (15.4 + 8.6)
=
132.44
26.4
= 5.02
Utilization Factor 0.75
Maintenance Factor 0.8
No. of Luminaries
𝑁 =
𝐸 × 𝐴
𝐹 × 𝑈𝐹 × 𝑀𝐹
=
200 × 132.44
774 ×0.75 × 0.8
=
26488
464.4
= 57.04 (57 units)
Space to height ratio
𝑆𝐻𝑅 =
1
𝐻 𝑚
×√
𝐴
𝑁
𝑆𝐻𝑅 =
1
1.1
×√
132.44
57
= 1.39 (m)
Fittings required along wall
𝐿
𝑆𝐻𝑅
=
15.4
1.39
= 11.08 (≈ 11 rows)
No. of fittings/row =
57
11
= 5.18 (≈ 5 units)
Spacing along the width =
8.6
5
= 1.72 (m)

13. Figure 7: The light fitting layout of the café
Based on the calculation, the café requires a total of 57 units of lighting fixture with a
spacing of 1.72m arranged in a 11 by 5 row configuration in order to achieve an even
light distribution.

14. Figure 8: Artificial lighting contour diagram of the café (made with Revit)
2.2.2 – Library
Material Properties
Material Function Colour Surface
Type
Reflectance
Value
Concrete Ceiling Grey Reflective 70
Timber Wall Brown Reflective 50
Concrete Floor Grey Reflective 70

15. Lighting Fixture Properties
Type of Fixture LEDlux dawn 48W White Flush
Mount in Cool White
Specification Width/ Diameter: 1210mm
Depth: 120mm
Height: 30mm
Wattage: 48W
Bulb Finish: LED Lights
Colour Temperature: Cool White
Lumen Method Calculation
Space Library
Dimension
L: 16.1m W: 30.0m
H:3.5m
Total floor area 483m²
Lumens of lighting fixture, F (lux) 4300 lm
Standard Illumination Requirement 300 – 500
Room Reflectance
Ceiling: 0.7
Wall: 0.5
Floor: 0.7
Luminance Height 2.4m
Mounting Height 3.2m
Room Index
𝑅𝐼 =
𝐿 ×𝑊
𝐻 × (𝐿 + 𝑊)
=
16.1 × 30
3.2 × (16.1 + 30)
=
483
147.5
= 3.27
Utilization Factor 0.49
Maintenance Factor 0.8

16. No. of Luminaries
𝑁 =
𝐸 × 𝐴
𝐹 × 𝑈𝐹 × 𝑀𝐹
=
400 × 483
4300 × 0.49 × 0.8
=
193200
1685.6
= 114.6 (115 units)
Space to height ratio
𝑆𝐻𝑅 =
1
𝐻 𝑚
×√
𝐴
𝑁
𝑆𝐻𝑅 =
1
3.2
×√
483
115
= 0.64 (m)
Fittings required along wall
𝐿
𝑆𝐻𝑅
=
16.1
0.64
= 25.1 (≈ 25 rows)
No. of fittings/row =
115
25
= 4.6 (≈ 5 units)
Spacing along the
width =
30
5
= 6 (m)

17. Figure 9: Library lighting fitting layout
Based on the calculation made, the library requires a total of 115 units of lighting
fixture with 6m spacing arranged in 5 by 25 row configuration in order to achieve an
evenly distributed light.

18. Figure 10: Artificial lighting contour diagram in the library (made with Revit)

19. 2.3 Permanent Supplementary Artificial Lighting (PSALI)
2.3.1 – Café
Figure 11: The proposed reflected ceiling plan and switch arrangement
Based on the calculation made, the total of 57 units of luminaries in the café will be
controlled by 5 switches. During the day, SW 1 and SW 2 can be switched off where
else SW 3, SW 4 and SW 5 is needed to be switched on in order to achieve the
minimum light requirement.

20. 2.3.2 – Library
Figure 12: Proposed reflected ceiling plan and switch arrangement for the library
After the calculations that were made, the total of 115 units of luminaries will be
controlled by 6 switches. As the openings in the library are wide, it allows plenty of
sunlight into the library which can enable SW1, SW2, SW3, SW4 and SW5 to be
switched off. SW6 is in the toilet and thus is needed to be switched on every now
and then. SW3 can be switched on during the day in order to keep the minimum
standard requirement of MS 1525.

21. 3.0 – (RE)FERENCES
Hunt, D. R. G. (1979). The use of artificial lighting in relation to daylight levels and
occupancy. Building and environment, 14(1), 21-33
Li, D. H., & Lam, J. C. (2001). Evaluation of lighting performance in office buildings
with daylighting controls. Energy and Buildings, 33(8), 793-803
Malaysia., Jabatan Standard. (2007). Code of practice on energy efficiency and use
of renewable energy for non-residential buildings (first revision). Putrajaya:
Department of Standard Malaysia.