This document provides lighting and acoustic proposals for spaces in a community library building project. It includes: 1. Calculations of the daylight factor and natural illumination for two reading areas, finding one receives excess light and the other is within recommended levels. 2. Artificial lighting calculations for a multipurpose hall and computer room using fluorescent tube lights, finding sufficient illumination levels. 3. A calculation showing external noise from traffic and activities combines to 70dB, far exceeding the recommended 35dB level for a library. 4. Reverberation time and transmission loss are to be calculated for the management office to evaluate acoustic quality.

1. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
Bachelor of Science (Honours) (Architecture)
Building Science 2 [BLD 61303/ ARC 3413]
PROJECT 2 - Integration Project
NAME: GARNETTE DAYANG ROBERT
STUDENT ID: 0315491
TUTOR: MR.EDWIN

2. TABLE OF CONTENT
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Lighting Proposal
2.1 Natural Daylighting (Daylighting Factor)
2.1.1 Reading Area 1
2.1.2 Reading Area 2
2.2 Artificial Lighting (Lumen Method)
2.2.1 Multipurpose Hall
2.2.2 Computer Room
3.0 Acoustic Proposal
3.1 External Noise Calculations
3.2 Management Office
3.2.1 Reverberation Time
3.2.2 Transmission Loss
4.0 References
2
4-5
6-7
8-10
11-12
13
14-15
16-17
18
PAGE

3. 1.0 Introduction
Integrating with the Architectural Design Studio 5, this project requires us to
calculate the optimum lighting and acoustic proposal for the spaces in the building. The
building is a Community Library which is located in an urban site, Sentul, Kuala
Lumpur. Within the building design, we are required to identify spaces to integrate our
external lighting and day-lighting. As for the acoustics, we are required to identify
spaces to integrate our external noises and internal noises. For each category, at least
one space is being chosen.
2

4. Task Illuminance
(Lux)
Example of Application
Lighting for infrequently used
area
20
100
100
100
100
150
100
100
100
300
200
Minimum service illuminance
Interior walkway and car-park
Hotel bedroom
Lift Interior
Corridor, passageway, stairs
Escalator. Travellator
Entrance and exit
Staff changing room, locker and cleaner room
Entrance hall, lobbies, waiting room
Inquiry desk
Gate house
Lighting for working interiors 200
300 – 400
300 – 400
150
200
150 – 300
150
150
100
100
300 – 500
200 – 750
300
Infrequent reading and writing
General offices, shops, and stores, reading and
writing
Drawing office
Restroom
Restaurant, Canteen, Cafeteria
Kitchen
Lounge
Bathroom
Toilet
Bedroom
Classroom, Library
Shop, Supermarket, Department store
Museum and gallery
Table 1 Recommended Average Illuminance Levels
3

5. 2.0 Lighting Proposal
2.1 Natural Lighting
2.1.1 Reading Area 1
Formula : Daylight Factor (DF) = (Ei / Eo) x 100%
Area of Space (m2) 170
Area of Curtain Wall (m2) (18.6 x 4)+(6.1 x 4)+(5.9 x 4)+(17.8 x 4) =172.6
Daylight Factor (%) (172.6 / 170) x 100%
= 101.5 % x 0.1
= 10.15 %
The reading area receives 10.15% amount of daylight factor. This reading area receives
more light than it is required (based on the requirement of MS1525), which is between 3% to 6%.
This is most likely to be caused by the the majority of curtain walls wrapping this area. Curtain or
blinds can be used in order to reduce the amount of daylight coming through. In my studio design, I
have incorporated the vertical louvers on the façade of my building so the amount of daylight
penetrating can be controlled through the rotating of the louvers. Another possible way to reduce
the thermal and glare issues is by replacing some parts of the curtain wall with solid wall and thus
reducing the curtain wall area.
Zone DF (%) Distribution
Very Bright >6 Very large with therrmal and glare problem
Bright 3 – 6 Good
Average 1 – 3 Fair
Dark 0 - 1 Poor
Table 2 Daylight factors and distribution (Department of Standards Malaysia, 2007)
DAYLIGHT FACTOR CALCULATION
4

6. Formula EEi = (DF x Eo) /100%
Given, Eo (unobstructed sky of Malaysia) 20000
EEi = (DF x Eo) / 100%
= (10.15 x 20000) / 100%
= 2030 lux
The general illuminance level of an exact proof reading place is 500 lux. The final measure-
ment of daylighting for this reading area is set at 2030 lux, which is considerably higher than the
required range. This result shows that that this particular reading area receives a little too much
daylight during the day. So there are a number of solutions that can be taken in order to rectify the
issues that have been mentioned.
NATURAL ILLUMINATION CALCULATION
5

7. 2.1.2 Reading Area 2
Formula : Daylight Factor (DF) = (Ei / Eo) x 100%
Area of Space (m2) 198.6
Area of Curtain Wall (m2)
Daylight Factor (%)
This reading area receives 5.0% amount of daylight factor. It complies with the current
requirement of MS 1525 (between 3% to 6%), which can be considered to be a good distribution.
This is mainly due to the positioning of the windows where most are facing either to the north or to
the south. This naturally reduces the amount of direct sunlight that penetrates through into the
space area.
Zone DF (%) Distribution
Very Bright >6 Very large with therrmal and glare problem
Bright 3 – 6 Good
Average 1 – 3 Fair
Dark 0 - 1 Poor
Table 3 Daylight factors and distribution (Department of Standards Malaysia, 2007)
(1.7 x 4) + (12.1 x 4) + (1.9 x 4) + ( 6.8 x 4) + (2.4 x 4)
= 99.6
(99.6 / 198.6) x 100%
= 50.15% x 0.1
= 5.0 %
6

8. Formula EEi = (DF x Eo) /100%
Given, Eo (unobstructed sky of Malaysia) 20000
EEi = (DF x Eo) / 100%
= ( 5.0 x 20000) / 100%
= 1000 lux
The general illuminance level of an exact proof reading place is 500 lux. As shown above,
the final measurement of daylighting for this reading area is 1000 lux, which is twice as much as the
general illuminance level of the required range. This result shows that this particular reading area
receives a little too much daylight during the day. Despite that, this is still considered as a good
result because they are still within the acceptable range of the general illuminance level.
NATURAL ILLUMINATION CALCULATION
7

9. 2.2 Artificial Lighting
2.2.1 Multipurpose Hall
The Multipurpose Hall is a space that requires multi-functional lighting. Both natural and
artificial lighting should be sufficient provided for various possible uses. It is located on the highest
floor with some parts enclosed with solid walls and most of the other parts enclosed by curtain
walls. Artificial lights are still an important element to be considered in order to have an efficient
lighting setting. The type of light to lit up this space would be the White Fluorescent Tube with
Reflector.
White Fluorescent Tube with Reflector
Type of Light Bulb T5 High Output
Material of Fixture Aluminium
Wattage 39W
Light Color Cool White
Nominal Life (Hours) 36000
Color Temperature 3000 K
Color Rendering Index (CRI) 85
Lumens 3500
8

10. CALCULATIONS
Location
Dimensions (m)
Total Floor Area,
Standard Illuminance
Required (lux)
according to MS1525, E
Multipurpose Hall
Length (L) = 15.8
Width (W) = 12.9
Height of the ceiling = 5.1 m
15.8 x 12.9 = 203.82
500
Lumen of lighting fixtures, lm 3500
Height of luminaire (m)
Work level (m)
Mounting Height, Hm (m)
3.8
0.8
3
Assumption of reflective
Room Index, RI (K)
K=(L x W)/(L+W)hm
Ceiling: 0.3 Wall: 0.5
=(15.8 x 12.9 )/(15.8+12.9)3
=2.36
Utilization Factor, UF 0.65
Maintenance Factor, MF 0.8
Lumen Calculation
N= (E x A)/(F x UF x MF)
=(500 x 203.82)/(3500 x 0.62 x 0.8)
=59 bulbs
Number of luminaires across
√((L x N)/W)
=√((15.8 x 59)/12.9)
=8.5 (take 9)
Therefore, each spacing would be 15.8÷9=1.75m
Number of luminaires along
√((W x N)/L)
=√((12.9 x 59)/15.8)
=6.9 (take 7)
Therefore, each spacing would be 12.9÷7=1.84m
9

11. 2.2.2 Computer Room
This computer room is a combination of a few different spaces, which are the discussion
area and the study area. As a result, the aid from artificial light is needed to provide sufficient
amount of illuminance. Artificial light is important as it needs to deliver a suitable reading environ-
ment for the users and can be used to complement the lighting of the area when natural daylight is
not sufficient. Philips Corepro LED Lamp is used to light up this space.
Philips 15W Cool White Fluorescent Tube
Type of Light Bulb T5 High Output
Voltage 230V
Wattage 15W
Light Color Cool White
Luminous Flux 960 lm
Color Temperature 27000 K
Color Rendering Index (CRI) 80
Light Output 960
11

12. CALCULATIONS
Location
Dimensions (m)
Total Floor Area,
Standard Illuminance
Required (lux)
according to MS1525, E
Computer Room
Length (L) = 11.5
Width (W) = 10.2
Height of the ceiling = 5.1 m
11.5 x 10.2 = 117.3
500
Lumen of lighting fixtures, lm 2600
Height of luminaire (m)
Work level (m)
Mounting Height, Hm (m)
3.8
0.8
3
Assumption of reflective
Room Index, RI (K)
K=(L x W)/(L+W)hm
Ceiling: 0.3 Wall: 0.5
=(11.5 x 10.2)/(11.5+ 10.2 )3
=1.8
Utilization Factor, UF 0.63
Maintenance Factor, MF 0.8
Lumen Calculation
N= (E x A)/(F x UF x MF)
=(500 x 117.3)/(2600x 0.62 x 0.8)
=46 bulbs
Number of luminaires across
√((L x N)/W)
=√((11.5 x 46)/10.2)
=7.2 (take 7)
Therefore, each spacing would be 11.5÷7=1.64m
Number of luminaires along
√((W x N)/L)
=√((10.2 x 46)/11.5)
=6.4 (take 6)
Therefore, each spacing would be 10.2÷6=1.7m
12

13. 3.0 ACOUSTIC Proposal
3.1 External Noise Calculation
Assuming the external noise sources,
Traffic Noise : 70dB
Activity Noise from 5 foot path : 40dB
Back Lane : 30dB
Intensity for Traffic Noise Intensity for Activity Noise Intensity for Back Lane Noise
70 = 10 log (Itraffic/ Io)
Antilog 7.0 = Itraffic/ 1 x 10-12
Itraffic = 1 x 10-5
40 = 10 log (Itraffic/ Io)
Antilog 4.0 = Itraffic/ 1 x 10-12
Itraffic = 1 x 10-8
30 = 10 log (Itraffic/ Io)
Antilog 3.0 = Itraffic/ 1 x 10-12
Itraffic = 1 x 10-9
Total Intensities, ITotal
= 1 x 10-5
+ 1 x 10-8
+ 1 x 10-9
= 1.1 x 10-5
Combined SPL,
= 10 log (ITotal
/ Io
)
= 10 log (1.1 x 10 -5
/ 1 x 10-12
)
= 70dB
The external noise with a combined SPL of 70dB generated from traffic noise, street
activity noises and noises from the back lane travels into the community library compound without
passing through walls that will cause transmission loss. Therefore, the combined SPL of the
external noise is approximately the total sound pressure level in the library.
In conclusion, the required sound pressure level for a library is set at 35dB, but the sound
pressure level calculated has extremely exceeded that level at 70dB. Appropriate and necessary
actions has to be taken in order to reduce the sound pressure level into the community library.
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14. 3.2 Management Office
3.2.1 Reverberation Time Calculation
Reverberation time is deliberated to define the space quality in relation to human comfort. Hence, the space
chosen here is the management office because it is located next to an area with much noise which is the
loading bay and the back alley. Thus, an optimum acoustic surrounding must be provided to reduce the
noise level in this area.
Management Office
Room Height : 3.5 m
Peak Hour Capacity : 10 people
Volume of Office, (V): 67.9m x 3.5m = 237.6 m3
Components Materials Area (m2) Absorption
Coefficient
(2000Hz)
Area of
Absorption
Coefficient, (A)
Wall Concrete 63.72 0.05 3.2
Floor Concrete 67.9 0.02 1.4
Ceiling Plaster 67.9 0.02 1.4
Window and Door Glass 59.5 0.07 4.2
Chair Fabric 0.98 (10pax) 0.28 (per seat) 3
Occupants 10 pax 0.46 4.6
Total 17.8
RT = 0.16 V/A
= 0.16 (237.6 / 17.8)
= 2.0 s
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15. Conclusion
The reverberation time for the management office during peak hours is calculated to 0.75 s, which has
exceeded the optimum reverberation time for the management office. Thus, to reduce the reverberation
time, drapery curtains can be added against the glass wall or carpets also placed on the floors. Another
alternative is to place and plant some trees and other various plants on the exterior of the building or
install a few panel absorbers to effectively to lower the frequencies.
15

16. 3.2.2 Transmission Loss Calculation
The management office is located on the ground floor surrounding the building from the back, to provide some kind of
protection to the community library. As a result, it is exposed to the noises coming from the back lane and therefore requires
a good partition to filter and absorb the sound waves before it enters into the space.
TL = 10 Log (1 /Tav
)
Tav
= [( T1 × A1 )+(T2 × A2)+(T3 × A3)+...(Tn × An)] /Total Surface Area
Tcn
= the transmission coefficient of material
Sn
= the surface area of the material n
Assuming the external noise is 70dB, the minimum interior noise required for an office is 40dB. Therefore, the transmission
loss should be 30dB.
Components Materials Area (m2)
Curtain Wall Glass 59.5
Wall Concrete 63.7
Sound Reduction Index
(SRI)
26
42
Transmission Coefficient of Materials
Curtain Wall
SRI (glass) = 10 log (1/ Tglass
)
26 = 10 log (1/ Tglass
)
Antilog 2.6 = 1/ Tglass
Tglass
= 2.5 x 10-3
Wall
SRI (concrete) = 10 log (1/ Tconcrete
)
42 = 10 log (1/ Tconcrete
)
Antilog 4.2 = 1/ Tconcrete
Tconcrete
= 6.31 x 10-5
16

17. Average Transmission Coefficient of Materials
Tav
= (S1Tc1 + S2Tc2......SnTcn)/(Total Surface Area)
Tav
= ((2.5 x 10-3
) + (6.31 x 10-5
)/(59.2+63.7)
= 2.08 x 10-5
Total Sound Reduction Index, SRI
SRI = 10 log (1/Tav
)
= 10 log (1/2.08 x 10-5
)
= 47 dB
As proven in the calculation, the external noise from the back lane, which was initially at 70dB is reduced
by 47dB during the transmission, which resulted in a sound level of 23dB when it reaches the office
interior. This noise level (23 dB) is lower than the range of recommended level for an office. Hence, the
acoustical comfort can be achieved by having walls as external sound barriers.
Noise Level In the Office
70dB - 47dB = 23dB
17

18. LAYOUT OF LIGHTING FIXTURES
Conclusion
The reverberation time for the multipurpose hall during peak hours is 2.0 s, which has exceeded the
optimum reverberation time for a multipurpose hall. Thus, to reduce the reverberation time, drapery
curtains can be added against the glass wall or carpets placed on the floors. The other alternative is to
install a few acoustic panels since the hall would probably be used as a space involving some form of
public speaking using mcirophones and speakers as medium to amplify sound.
10