This document describes a lighting analysis for a community library project in Kuala Lumpur. It analyzes the daylighting and artificial lighting for two main areas: the open library and reading space/auditorium. For both areas, it calculates the daylight factor and illuminance levels, and determines they exceed recommendations without optimizations. It then proposes using terra cotta sunscreens on the facades to improve daylighting. For artificial lighting, it selects fixture types, calculates lighting requirements, and designs layouts to meet 300 lux standards for both spaces.

1. BUILDING SCIENCE 2 [BLD61303]
PROJECT 2
INTEGRATION PROJECT
COMMUNITY LIBRARY
Jalan Tun H.S.Lee
Chong Yee Ching
0316102
Mr. Mohamed Rizal

2. [BLD61303] Building Science 2 Integration Project 1
Table of Content
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Objective 2
1.2 Project Description 2
1.3 Site Analysis 3
1.4 Floor Plans 4 - 7
2.0 Lighting
2.1 Day Lighting Analysis 8
2.1.1 Open Library 9 -11
2.1.2 Reading Space/ Auditorium 12 - 14
2.2 Artificial Lighting Analysis 15
2.2.1 Open Library 15 - 17
2.2.2 Reading Space/ Auditorium 18 - 20
2.3 PSALI Analysis
2.3.1 Open Library 21 – 22
2.3.2 Reading Space/ Auditorium 23 - 24
3.0 References 25

3. [BLD61303] Building Science 2 Integration Project 2
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Objective
This project is an integration of lighting design with project of module, Architectural
Studio V. It aims to integrate the artificial lighting and daylighting strategies (PSALI) in
the final design whereby context of the design is considered. It is to show the
understandings towards design space incorporating artificial and daylighting, in
order to solve the design problems in relation to sustainability issues.
1.2 Project Description
Located along Jalan Tun H.S. Lee, Kuala Lumpur, the community library is designed
to serve the community in Jalan Tun H.S. Lee to encourage interaction among all
ages and all backgrounds.
This library prompt to address the issue happening along the street, which the users
are mostly target orientated, do not have a sense of attachment to the street but
towards individual destinations itself e.g. Temple, food stalls, etc. It is to engage the
users to the past (history of the street), to seek for the familiarity in the unfamiliarity,
that was once recognize, films and books acts a catalyst for the improvement of
social well-being, acting as a common ground, linking the users to appreciate the
street. It is also to preserve the memories of the local people, therefore, engage with
the history of street.
The street is extended by going into the architecture, as an extension of public
spaces, which also defines the quality of a community library, portray street into
vertical layers with activity association. Its multi-layered spaces with both the
essence of film and books tied together to blur the demarcation of the dying culture
along the street. Its circulation also created a dynamic terrain of public and private
spaces, obtaining knowledge as part of the story of the street.

4. [BLD61303] Building Science 2 Integration Project 3
1.3 Site Analysis
Allocating in Kuala Lumpur city centre, building are located close to each other
whereby sunlight might be blocked by the higher buildings, shadow diagrams are
shown below to show the site daylighting blockage.
Diagram 1.3.1: Shadow casting at 9am.
Diagram 1.3.2: Shadow casting at 12pm.
Diagram 1.3.3: Shadow casting at 6pm.
Daylighting should be optimize at its best to designatedd the interior space of the
library whereby the ambience of the spaces would attract users to utilize the space.

5. [BLD61303] Building Science 2 Integration Project 4
1.4 Floor Plans
Ground Floor Plan
Scale 1:200

6. [BLD61303] Building Science 2 Integration Project 5
First Floor Plan
Scale 1:200

7. [BLD61303] Building Science 2 Integration Project 6
Second Floor Plan
Scale 1:200

8. [BLD61303] Building Science 2 Integration Project 7
Third Floor Plan
Scale 1:200

9. [BLD61303] Building Science 2 Integration Project 8
2.0 Lighting
2.1 Daylight Factor Analysis
Daylight Factor is the ratio between the actual illuminance at a point inside a room
and the illuminance possible from an unobstructed hemisphere in the sky.
Daylight Factor is defined as follow:
Daylight Factor, DF =
Indoor Illuminance, Ei
x 100%
Outdoor Illuminance, Eo
Where,
DF = Daylight Factor at a chosen reference point in the room (%)
Ei = Illuminance due to daylight at a point on the indoors working plane (lx)
Eo = Simultaneous outdoor illuminance on the horizontal plane from an
unobstructed hemisphere of overcast sky. (lx)
According to MS1525, Recommended Day Light Factor distribution as below:
Zone DF (%) Distribution
Very Bright >6 Very large thermal and glare problems
Bright 3-5 Good
Average 1-3 Fair
Dark 0-1 Poor

10. [BLD61303] Building Science 2 Integration Project 9
2.1.1 Open Library Area
Diagram 2.1.1.1: First Floor Plan indicating location of open library area.
Daylight Factor Calculation
Dimension of room (L x W) (m) 12.81 x 6.4
Floor Area (m2) 81.92
Area of façade exposed to sunlight (m2)
(Perimeter x Height)
6.4 x 4 =25.6
Exposed Façade area to Floor Area Ratio 25.6/81.92
=0.3125
=3.125%
Natural Illumination Calculation
Illuminance (lux) Example
120000 Very Bright Example
110000 Bright Sunlight
20000 Clear Sky
1000 – 2000 Overcast day
400 Sunrise/ Sunset on clear day
<200 Midday
40 Fully overcast
<1 Sunset, Storm cloud

11. [BLD61303] Building Science 2 Integration Project 10
Conclusion
The open library area has a daylight factor of 3.13% and natural illumination of 1000
lux. Based on the requirement of MS 1525, the space has good distribution of
daylight as it is in a good range of 3-5%. For instance, the natural illumination
exceeds the light level for an open library area which is 300-500 lux which will cause
thermal discomfort and glare to the users which is shown in the shadow diagram
below.
DF = (Ei / Eo) x 100%
3.125 = (Ei/32000) x 100
Ei = (3.125/100) x
32000
Ei = 1000 lux
Diagram 2.1.1.2: Section indicating location of open library area.
Diagram 2.1.1.3: Daylighting contour for open library area.

12. [BLD61303] Building Science 2 Integration Project 11
In the shadow casting diagram, morning light do not appear in the space as the
orientation of the space is facing west, but having evening sunlight over the space,
curtain wall is designed for the frontage but having high natural illuminance, design
are proposed to optimize daylighting.
Hence, the wall exposed to sunlight facing west, is designed with a screen of terra
cotta sunscreen. The sunscreen are designated in a way to maximize natural
daylight into open library area. Terra cotta is a good material with low reflectance,
will not cause glare to other buildings, proposed elevation is shown below.
Diagram 2.1.1.6: Proposed elevation with terracotta sunscreen.
Diagram 2.1.1.4: Shadow casting during 9am in open library area.
Diagram 2.1.1.5: Shadow casting during 6pm in open library area.

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2.1.2 Reading Space/ Auditorium
Diagram: First Floor Plan indicating location of reading space/auditorium area.
Daylight Factor Calculation
Dimension of room (L x W) (m) 9.581 x 6.025
Floor Area (m2) 57.726
Area of façade exposed to sunlight (m2)
(Perimeter x Height)
6.025 x 7 = 42.175
Exposed Façade area to Floor Area Ratio 42.175/52.726
= 0.8
= 8%
Natural Illumination Calculation
Illuminance (lux) Example
120000 Very Bright Example
110000 Bright Sunlight
20000 Clear Sky
1000 – 2000 Overcast day
400 Sunrise/ Sunset on clear day
<200 Midday
40 Fully overcast
<1 Sunset, Storm cloud

14. [BLD61303] Building Science 2 Integration Project 13
DF = (Ei / Eo) x 100%
8 = (Ei/32000) x 100
Ei = (8/100) x 32000
Ei = 2560 lux
Conclusion
The reading space/ auditorium area has a day lighting factor of 8% and a natural
illuminance level of 2560 lux after calculation. Based on the requirement of MS
1525, the space is brightly lit by daylight as both the values exceeded the standards
highly whereby the daylight factor should be lower than 5% and the recommended
level for the space is 500 lux. This will cause thermal discomfort and glare to the users
which we can observe from the day-lighting contour below.
Diagram 2.1.2.2: Daylighting contour for reading space/ auditorium area.
Diagram 2.1.2.1: Section indicating location of reading space/auditorium area.

15. [BLD61303] Building Science 2 Integration Project 14
The high curtain wall enclosing the double volume space caused the large exposure
of sunlight to the space. The east orientation of the space gave the space warm
morning light that will lit up the whole space but façade are designed in a way that
optimum sunlight will be used.
Having the same language as the front façade, terra cotta screen are also used for
the double volume space, extended towards third floor where the screen will act as
a railing for the higher level. The low reflectance material would not cause any
disturbance to the opposite building. Proposed back elevation is shown in diagram
Diagram 2.1.2.5: Proposed elevation with terracotta sunscreen.
Diagram 2.1.2.3: Shadow casting during
9am in reading space/ auditorium area.
Diagram 2.1.2.4: Shadow casting during
6pm in reading space/ auditorium area.

16. [BLD61303] Building Science 2 Integration Project 15
2.2 Artificial Lighting Analysis
Natural lighting should be fully utilized when designing the interior space but its
reachable area are minimal because some of the spaces are meant to be
enclosed to maintain the internal ambience of utilizing artificial lighting, therefore,
natural lighting is not utilized in some of the area, which artificial lighting is essential
and sufficient.
2.2.1 Open Library Area
Diagram 2.2.1.1: First Floor Plan indicating location of open library area.
Fixtures Properties
Type of Fixture Ceiling mounted LED Panel Light
Type of Light Bulb

17. [BLD61303] Building Science 2 Integration Project 16
Material of Fixture Stainless Steel
Product Brand & Code Lucretia P6060
Dimension (L x W x H) 595 x 595 x 20
Nominal Life (hours) 50000 hours
Wattage (W) 72
CRI 80
Color Temperature, K 4000
Color Designation Cool White
Lumens 6000
Lumens Method Calculation
Location Open Library
Dimension of room (L x W) (m) 12.81 x 6.4
Total Floor Area, A (m2) 81.92
Height of Ceiling (m) 4.0
Type of Lighting Fixture
Luminous Flux of Lighting, F (lm) 6000
Height of Luminaires (m)
(Height of suspended ceiling – Height of
suspended light)
4 – 0.5
= 3.5
Height of Working Plane (m) 0.8
Mounting Height (Hm) (m)
(Height of luminaires – Height of working
plane)
3.50 - 0.8 = 2.7
Standard Illumination recommended by
MS1525
300 lux
Reflection Factors
Ceiling: 0.7
Wall: 0.5
Floor: 0.2
Room Index, RI (k)
RI = L x W / (L + W) x Hm
RI = 12.81 X 6.4/ (12.81 + 6.4) X 2.7
= 1.58
Utilization Factor, UF 0.57
Maintenance Factor, MF 0.80
Number of fittings required, N
N= E x A / (F x UF x MF)
N = (300 X 81.92) / (6000 x 0.57 x 0.8)
= 8.98
≈ 9 bulbs
Spacing to Height Ratio (SHR)
SHR = 1/Hm x √ (A/N)
SHR = 1/2.7 x √ (81.92/9)
= 1.1174
S = 1.1174 x 2.7
= 3.017
Fitting Layout
Fitting required along 12.81m wall.
12.81/3.017
= 4.246
≈ 4 - 5 rows
Therefore : 5 x 2 = 8 - 10 bulbs
Spacing required for 12.81m wall is
12.81/5 = 2.56m
Spacing required for 6.4m wall is 6.4/2
= 3.2m

18. [BLD61303] Building Science 2 Integration Project 17
Fitting Layout
Diagram 2.2.1.2: Proposed layout for LED Panel Light fixtures.
Diagram 2.2.1.3: Proposed layout for LED Panel Light fixtures in sections.
Conclusion
The open library area with 81.9m2 is arranged with 2 rows of 5 LED panel light to be
achieve the requirement of 300 lux in the room as stated in MS1525 in the section
diagram which shows how the artificial light path overlapping each other. As the
library are orientated to the west, light blockage from the opposite building could
block off some daylight. With the sufficient level of illumination, the users are able to
read and study no matter day or night.

19. [BLD61303] Building Science 2 Integration Project 18
2.2.2 Reading Space/ Auditorium
Diagram 2.2.2.1: First Floor Plan indicating location of reading space/auditorium area
Fixtures Properties
Type of Fixture Ceiling Mounted LED Downlight
Type of Light Bulb
Material of Fixture Aluminium
Product Brand & Code Medo 161461
Dimension (D x H) 250 x 125
Nominal Life (hours) 20000 hours
Wattage (W) 21
Color Temperature, K 3000
Color Designation Warm White
Lumens 2000

20. [BLD61303] Building Science 2 Integration Project 19
Lumens Method Calculation
Location Reading Space/ Auditorium
Dimension of room (L x W) (m) 9.581 x 6.025
Total Floor Area, A (m2) 57.726
Height of Ceiling (m) 7
Type of Lighting Fixture Suspended LED Downlight
Luminous Flux of Lighting, F (lm) 3000
Height of Luminaires (m)
(Height of suspended ceiling –
Height of suspended light)
7 – 0.5
= 6.5
Height of Working Plane (m) 1
Mounting Height (Hm) (m)
(Height of luminaires – Height of
working plane)
6.5 – 1 = 5.5
Standard Illumination
recommended by MS1525
300 lux
Reflection Factors Ceiling: 0.7
Wall: 0.5
Floor: 0.2
Room Index, RI (k)
RI = L x W / (L + W) x Hm
RI = 9.581 x 6.025/ (9.581 + 6.025) X 5.5
= 1.487
Utilization Factor, UF 0.57
Maintenance Factor, MF 0.80
Number of fittings required, N
N= E x A / (F x UF x MF)
N = (300 X 57.726) / (3000 x 0.57 x 0.8)
= 12.66
≈ 13 bulbs
Spacing to Height Ratio (SHR)
SHR = 1/Hm x √ (A/N)
SHR = 1/5.5 x √ (57.726/13)
= 0.3831
S = 0.3831 x 5.5
= 2.1072
Fitting Layout Fitting required along 9.581m wall.
9.581/2.1072
= 4.547
≈ 5 rows
Therefore : 5 x 3 = 12 – 15 lamps
Spacing required for 9.581m wall is 9.581/5 =
1.916m
Spacing required for 6.025m wall is 6.025/3 =
2.01m

21. [BLD61303] Building Science 2 Integration Project 20
Fitting Layout
Diagram 2.2.2.2: Proposed layout for ceiling mounted LED downlight.
Diagram 2.2.2.3: Proposed layout for ceiling mounted LED downlight in section.
Conclusion
Based on the fitting layout, 3 rows of 5 ceiling mounted LED downlight are arranged
in the 57.7m2 reading space/ auditorium area, which in total a maximum of 15
lighting fixtures are to be installed. With the aid of artificial lighting, the space are
able to meet the requirement of 300-500 lux as stated in MS 1525, it is also shown in
the artificial light path where the space is illuminated when the daylight is
insufficient.

22. [BLD61303] Building Science 2 Integration Project 21
2.3 PSALI (Permanent Supplementary Artificial Lighting of Interiors) Analysis
2.3.1 Open Library Area
Diagram 2.3.1.1: Proposed layout for LED Panel Light fixtures.
Diagram 2.3.1.2: Daylighting Contour Diagram 2.3.1.3: Artificial Lighting Contour
Switch 2
Switch 3
Switch 1

23. [BLD61303] Building Science 2 Integration Project 22
There are 10 light fittings to illuminate the 81.9m2 of the open library area to achieve
300 lux that is required by MS 1525 with the sufficient level of illumination to allow
users to have a good quality for reading and studying.
Based on the calculation and light contour analysis, the total 10 lighting fixtures in
the library that can be controlled by utilizing 3 switches. Switch 1 controls the
outmost row of lighting fixtures facing the façade because the curtain wall is
designated to utilized daylighting in the noon in the open library area, therefore
outmost lighting fixtures might not be in used for certain timing. And for switch 2 and
3, the light fixtures would be switch accordingly during the day time to save up the
electricity when there is sufficient lighting up space nearer to the curtain wall.

24. [BLD61303] Building Science 2 Integration Project 23
2.3.2 Reading Space/ Auditorium
Diagram 2.3.2.2: Daylighting Contour Diagram 2.3.2.3: Artificial Lighting Contour
Diagram 2.3.2.1: Proposed layout for ceiling mounted LED downlight.
Switch 2
Switch 1
Switch 3

25. [BLD61303] Building Science 2 Integration Project 24
There are 15 light fittings to illuminate the 57.7m2 of the reading space/ auditorium
area to achieve 300 lux that is required by MS 1525 with the sufficient level of
illumination to allow users to have a good quality for reading while at night it can be
act as an auditorium for screening.
As shown in the contour analysis, the large curtain wall exposing daylighting to the
double volume spaces are over exposed because of the east orientation of the
spaces whereby fittings connected for Switch 1 are to be switch off during the day
to save up electricity whereby illuminating the space when sufficient level of
illumination could not be achieved during cloudy day. The following lighting fixtures
are to be switch on to light up spaces according to the timing and sun path.

26. [BLD61303] Building Science 2 Integration Project 25
3.0 References
1. Surface Ceiling Mounting| Modern Lighting Solutions.
(2016). Modernlightingsolutions.co.uk. Retrieved 1 December 2016, from
http://www.modernlightingsolutions.co.uk/led-downlight-36-3-round-white-36-led-
3000k-4935.html
2. Lighting Isn’t Cheap: Here’s How to Do It Right. (2016). Houselogic. Retrieved 1
December 2016, from https://www.houselogic.com/remodel/painting-lighting/room-
lighting-design-tips/
3. Lucretia Lighting | Tailored Designer Lighting Solutions | Lucretia P6060 72W 6000
Lumen 595mm LED Panel Light. (2016). Lucretiashop.com.au. Retrieved 1 December
2016, from http://lucretiashop.com.au/lucretia-72w-dimmable-6000-lumen-595mm-
led-panel-light.html