Tan Wen Hao 0319923 Taylor's University daylighting and artificial lightings analysis

1. Name: Tan Wen Hao
Student ID: 0319923
Project Title: Integration Project (Community Library)
Module: Building Science 2 (BLD61303/ARC3413)
Course: Bachelor of Science (Honors) in Architecture
Tutor: Mr. Edwin Chan

2. Table of contents
1.0 Lighting calculation (Space A)
1.0.1 Daylight analysis
1.0.2 Artificial Lighting Proposal
1.0.3 PSALI Scheme
2.0 Lighting calculation (Space B)
2.0.1 Daylight analysis
2.0.2 Artificial Lighting Proposal
2.0.3 PSALI Scheme

3. 1.0 Lighting calculation (Space A)
1.0.1 Daylight analysis
Zone DF(%) Distribution
Very Bright >6% Large (Thermal and
Glare Problem)
Bright 3-6 Good
Average 1-3 Fair
Dark 0-1 Poor
Figure 1: Daylight factors and distribution (Accoding to Department of
standard, MS1525)
A daylight factor of 3-6% is considered bright according to MS1525
Floor Plans and Sections
Floor plan of workshop area
Ground floor plan
Section of workshop area
Part 3
Part 1
Part 2

4. The chosen space is a semi open air workshop and performance area
on ground floor. Artificial Illuminance is needed when there is workshop
or performance session and can be able give different lighting intensity
depending on the function. Rear façade is shaded with double –
glazed Low-E glass panel and fully open at the other end.
Average Daylight Factor Calculations
The average daylight factor for space A is 4.6%, considered high
because of its triple volume and good daylight distribution throughout
space according to MS1525
Function Material Color Surface type Reflectance
Ceiling Concrete finish Grey Absorptive 0.35
Wall Masonry wall
with white paint
White Reflective 0.33
Working
plane
Wood Brown Absorptive 0.1
Window Double-glazed
Low-E glass
Transparent Reflective 0.06
W, area of window 4.5m X 8.0m =36m2
A, Area of internal surface i) Ceiling = 2(4X10.6) + (3X10.6) = 116.6m2
ii) Wall = 2(3.5X10.6) + 2(7X11)+ (7.5X3)+
(3.35X11)+(2.5X11) = 315.05m2
iii) Floor = 111.83m2
Total area: 543.48m2
T, glass transmittance 0.6, for double glazed window in clean
environment
Θ, visible sky angle in
degrees
87 degree (unobstructed)
R, average reflectance of
area A
R= (0.35 + 0.33 + 0.06) /3 = ~0.25
Average DF = W X T Θ = 36 X (0.6)(87) = 4.61 ~ 4.6%
A 1-R 543.48 1-0.25
General Building Area IES Standard
Illumination level
MS1525
Recommendation
Workshop 300 300
Theatre and performance 100 100

5. According to MS1525 Recommendation, Workhop and performance
area is recommended to have an illuminance of 300 or 100 depending
on the function.
The actual interior illuminance is higher than that is required according
to daylight factor. On a normal sunny day with clear blue sky, sunlight
that penetrates into the space is enough to brighten the environment,
920 Lux, higher than the required 300Lux according to MS 1525, and at
the same that not provide exceesive glare to the user (>1200lux)
Workshops are geared towards corners of the area where is
considered comfortable for user as workshop only requires around 300
Lux. The area is big and span about 11m high, allowing ample sunlight
into the interior and does not require any artificial lighting provided if
the sky condition is clear and sunny. While the space has an average
distribution of 920 lux, the façade is equipped with sun shading device
(expanded mesh panel) to avoid excessive heat into the space.
Required interior illuminance
according to daylight factor
3% = Ei X 100%
20000
Ei = 600 lux
6% = Ei X 100%
20000
Ei = 1200 lux
Actual interior illuminance 4.6% = Ei X 100%
20000
Ei = 920 lux

6. Artificial Lighting Calculations
Type of lighting used in space A:
Calculation of required lamps are divided into 3 parts based on their
different height from ground level.
Type of fixture Suspended Direct-Indirect LED Luminaire
Type of lighting LED Tube Lighting (2 Tube)
Wattage Range (W) 72W
Color Rendering
Index (CRI)
80
Color Temperature (K) 6500k
Color Designation Warm White
Lumens (lm) 7450lm
Ceiling Part 1 Part 2 Part 3
Dimension of room (m2)
(Length,Width,Height)
L = 10.6m
W = 4m
H = 4m
L = 10.6m
W = 4m
H = 7.5m
L = 10.6m
W = 2.6m
H = 11m
Total Floor Area, A (m2) 42.4m2 42.4m2 27.56m2
Type of lighting fixture Ceiling Mounted
Mounted height (m) 3m 6.5m 10m
Height of working plane 0.8m
Reflectance Ceiling: 0.35
Wall: 0.33

7. Although Part 3 has the biggest and highest volume, the space require
less lightings as the floor area is relatively small as compared to pt. 1&2
Suggested layout: Part 1 – 2 rows of 2 lamps + 1 lamps = 5 lamps
Part 2 – 2 rows of 3 lamps + 1 lamps = 7 lamps
Part 3 – 2 rows of 3 lamps = 6 lamps
Part 2 requires more illuminance because the area covers
performance and workshop area
Room Index, RI
10.6 X 4
(10.6+4)X4
= 0.73
10.6 X 4
(10.6+4)X7.5
= 0.39
10.6 X 2.6
(10.6+2.6)X11
= 0.19
Utilization factor,UF 0.36 0.3 0.3
Maintenance Factor 0.8 (assumed)
Number of lamps
required,
300 lux required for
workshop area
300 X 42.4
7450X0.36X0.8
= 5.93
N = 6
300 X 42.4
7450X0.3X0.8
= 7.11
N = 7
300 X 27.56
7450X0.3X0.8
= 4.62
N = 5
Maximum spacing
between fitting
(reference only)
Smax = 1.5 X Hm
1.5 X 3m
=4.5m
1.5 X 6.5m
=9.75m
1.5 X 10m
=15m
Part 1
Part 3
Part 2

8. PSALI Scheme for space A
During morning and evening, the inner area of the workshop is
relatively darker compared to the bigger volume facing exterior. At
times where function is held during this hours, only the lightings in part 1
& 2 need to be switched on to reach the required 300 Lux suggested
by MS 1525.. During the night, all the lights will be turned on.
Lightings in 3 areas will be controlled individually by one-way switch. In
times where there is no activity, Part 2 and 3 will be switched off.
Otherwise, it depends on the weather and function to decide whether
to switch them on.
Illuminance analysis at 3pm
Part 1
Part 3
Part 2

9. Lighting contour diagrams:
CFL Lightings: Talk or seminar
Red LED uplighting: exhibition or ball

10. Illustrations:
During day (natural daylighting)
During night (LED lighting switched on)

11. 2.0 Lighting calculation (Space B)
2.0.1 Daylight analysis
Zone DF(%) Distribution
Very Bright >6% Large (Thermal and
Glare Problem)
Bright 3-6 Good
Average 1-3 Fair
Dark 0-1 Poor
Figure 1: Daylight factors and distribution (Accoding to Department of
standard, MS1525)
A daylight factor of 3-6% is considered bright according to MS1525
Floor Plans and Sections
Floor plan of workshop area
Ground floor plan Section of workshop area

12. The chosen space is a semi open air workshop and performance area
on ground floor. Artificial Illuminance is needed when there is workshop
or performance session and can give different lighting intensity
depending on the function. Rear façade is shaded with double –
glazed Low-E glass panel and fully open at the other end.
Average Daylight Factor Calculation
The average daylight factor for space A is 3.1% which is considered
bright and good daylight distribution according to MS1525
According to MS1525 Recommendation, Multipurpose hall for seminar
and exhibition is recommended to have an illuminance of 500 and 300
depending on the function.
Function Material Color Surface type Reflectance
Ceiling Plaster ceiling white Absorptive 0.75
Wall Masonry wall
with white paint
White Reflective 0.33
Working
plane
- - - -
Window Single glazed
UPVC window
Transparent Reflective 0.12
W, area of window 9 (1.0m X 2.0m) =18m2
A, Area of internal surface i) Ceiling = 10.3m X 13.15m= 116.6m2
ii) Wall = 2(6.5 X 13.15) + (5 X10.6) +
(3.5X10.6) = 261.05m2
iii) Floor = 139.39m2
Total area: 517.04m2
T, glass transmittance 0.88, for single glazed window in clean
environment
Θ, visible sky angle in
degrees
60 degree (obstructed by tilted panel
facade)
R, average reflectance of
area A
R= (0.75 + 0.33 + 0.12) /3 = 0.4
Average DF = W X T Θ = 18 X (0.88)(60) = 3.06 ~ 3.1%
A 1-R 517.04 1-0.4
General Building Area IES Standard
Illumination level
MS1525
Recommendation
Multipurpose hall/seminar 500 300-500
Exibits insensitive to light 300 300

13. The actual interior illuminance is higher than that is required according
to daylight factor. On a normal sunny day with clear blue sky, sunlight
that penetrates into the space is enough to brighten the environment,
620 Lux, higher than the required 500 Lux according to MS 1525, and at
the same that not provide exceesive glare to the user (>1200lux)
The design allows just enough of sunlight into enter the space during
sunny midday. However, weather is subject to change, with less
penetrated sunlight during morning, evening and during rainy days
(overcast sky), therefore whenever there is function happening,
artificial illumination is needed. Moreover, the brief requires space B to
be space that receives minimal sunlight and fully dependent on
artificial illuminance.
Required interior illuminance
according to daylight factor (3%)
3% = Ei X 100%
20000
Ei = 600 lux
6% = Ei X 100%
20000
Ei = 1200 lux
Actual interior illuminance 3.1% = Ei X 100%
20000
Ei = 620 lux

14. Artificial Lighting Calculations
According to MS1525 Recommendation, multipurpose hall is
recommended to have an illuminance of 300 – 500 depending on the
function.
Type of lighting used in space B:
Type of fixture Ceiling mounted cove
uplighting
Recessed Round downlight
Type of lighting LED Fluorescent tube
(red)
Compact Fluorescent Light
Wattage Range (W) 32W 23W
Color Rendering
Index (CRI)
70 80
Color Temperature
(K)
2700k 2700k
Color Designation Red Cool White
Lumens (lm) 3500lm 5700lm

15. The number of lightings requird for LED tube and CFL turns out to be the
same. Although LED tube has higher lumens, the lighting requirements
for exhibition (light insensitive) is lower than that during talk and
seminar. Therefore, even CFL lights have higher lumens, 38 bulbs s still
needed to fulfill the requirement.
LED fluorescent tube will be used as ambient lighting (uplighting) during
exhibition & ball and ot to confused with CFL for normal lightings.
Lighting Exhibition & ball Seminar & Talk
Dimension of room (m2)
(Length,Width,Height)
L = 10.6m
W = 13.15m
H = 6.5m
Total Floor Area, A (m2) 139.39m2
Type of lighting fixture Ceiling mounted
cove uplighting
Recessed Round
downlight
Mounted height (m) 6.2m 6.2m
Height of working plane -
Reflectance Ceiling: 0.75
Wall: 0.33
Room Index, RI
10.6 X 13.15
(10.6+13.15)X6.5
= 0.9
Utilization factor,UF 0.4
Maintenance Factor 0.8 (assumed)
Number of lamps
required,
500 lux for seminar and
300 lux for exibition
300 X 139.39
3500X0.4X0.8
= 37.33
N = 38
500 X 139.39
5700X0.4X0.8
= 38.21
N = 38
Spacing between fitting
(reference only)
Smax = 1.5 X Hm
1.5 X 6.2m
=6.3m

16. Layout for CFL
recessed downlight
Layout for LED uplighting Overall layout
Front
Back
Suggested layout: CFL downlight: 6 rows of 6 lamps+2 lamps = 38 lamps
LED uplighting: 6 rows of 5 lamps + 2 vertical rows of 5
lamps = 40 lamps (additional 2 to cover the back)
For LED uplighting, light blue part faces the stage therefore the spacing
is denser to give more dramatic effect.
PSALI Scheme for space B
Illuminance analysis at 3pm
At 3pm, only approximately half of the sunlight penetrates into the multipurpose hall.
Therefore artificial lighting is needed whenever there is function.
Both type of lightings with be seperated into
front and back. Front part faces the stage,
therefore depending on the function
whether the crowd is huge or small, either
lights in front part will be turned on or the
whole hall. Both type of lighting will be
connected to two-way switch individually.
Different functions requires different lighting
therefore there will be no times where both
are switched on together.Back
Front

17. Lighting contour diagrams:
PSALI scheme during afternoon and evening
Lighting during morning and night

18. Illustrations:
Seminar and talk (normal lighting)
Exhibition and ball (ambient lighting)