Tang nutrition vit a
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This document discusses using biofortified crops to combat vitamin A deficiency through community intervention studies. It recommends conducting large-scale studies that provide biofortified staples like Golden Rice and yellow maize daily to children in need, to directly assess their impact on vitamin A status. The document outlines steps for choosing locations, gaining community support, properly conducting the studies, and evaluating efficacy.
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Fcs250 journal abstract
This study assessed and compared the nutrient intakes of 18-month-old children in southwest England to dietary reference values and results from a national nutrition survey. Caregivers completed 3-day dietary records that were analyzed using nutrition software. The results found that boys had higher intakes of most nutrients than girls. Intakes of vitamin D, iron, and zinc were below recommendations for both groups. Nutrient intakes were similar between the study group and national survey, though the study group had higher carotene, calcium, vitamin D, and iodine and lower sugar. The conclusion was that the children were at risk for deficiencies in vitamin D, iron, and zinc and dietary supplements containing these nutrients should be emphasized.
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This study assessed and compared the nutrient intakes of 18-month-old children in southwest England to dietary reference values and results from a national nutrition survey. Caregivers completed 3-day dietary records that were analyzed using nutrition software. The results found that boys had higher intakes of most nutrients than girls. Intakes of vitamin D, iron, and zinc were below recommendations for both groups. Nutrient intakes were similar between the study group and national survey, though the study group had higher carotene, calcium, vitamin D, and iodine and lower sugar. The conclusion was that the children were at risk for deficiencies in vitamin D, iron, and zinc and dietary supplements containing these nutrients should be emphasized.
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Under nutrition is often an invisible and silent
emergency.2 It recognizes that hunger and malnutrition are rooted
in poverty, deprivation, and under development, and that they are
the result of inadequate access to the basic requirements for
nutritional well-being, including safe and adequate food, care,
health, education and a clean environment.1 Present study was
designed to find the efficacy of the nutritional intervention for the
recovery of impaired carbohydrate metabolism and correlation of
weight and height with PP-Sugar and BMI after nutritional
rehabilitation.105 test and 100 control SAM children without
infection, of 1 to 5 years of age and either sex were enrolled. Test
group was given treatment of nutritional intervention therapy,
providing 2.5 to 3gm Protein and 90-100 kcal / kg body
Weight/day, for the three months.
Their blood sugar, BMI, weight and height were measured before
and after the nutritional therapy. Before the nutritional
intervention treatment P values for F and PP blood glucose, BMI,
Weight and height were insignificant suggestive of similar baseline
characteristics at enrollment. After nutritional intervention
treatment P values for F and PP blood glucose, BMI, Weight and
height were significant suggestive.
The r value of Pearson correlation coefficient for Sugar PP in the
study group was, showing poor positive correlation with height and
r value for BMI in the study group was showing poor negative
correlation with height.
The r value of Pearson correlation coefficient for Sugar PP in the
study group was, showing poor negative correlation with weight
and r value for BMI in the study group was showing poor positive
correlation with weight.
Depending on results the investigators conclude that for the speedy
recovery of the impaired carbohydrate metabolism in SAM
children it is the most effective food supplement.BIOFORTIFICATION OF VEGETABLE CROPS.pptx
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1) The study examined the impact of orange-fleshed sweetpotato (OFSP) adoption on dietary quality among women and children in Western Kenya.
2) The study found that households growing OFSP had significantly higher diet diversity scores (15-18% higher) and vitamin A intake (10-20% higher) for women and children compared to non-adopting households.
3) Regression analysis confirmed that both OFSP adoption and greater adoption intensity positively impacted women and children's dietary diversity and vitamin A consumption. Adoption intensity had a larger effect than simple adoption.
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For more information about the conference visit our website: www.poshan.ifpri.info
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Wellness NutrientsNutritional SupplementationSWU 351 Sustain.docx
Wellness Nutrients
Nutritional Supplementation
SWU 351 Sustainable Living and Mindful Eating
Objectives
By the end of class you should be able to:
Identify a variety of “wellness supplements”
Identify populations who may and may not benefit from taking a multivitamin
Define “functional foods”
The Problem
The vast majority of Americans do not meet minimum RDA standards of vitamins and minerals
93% of vitamins D and E miss recommendations from diet
61% not enough magnesium
50% not enough Vitamin A and Calcium
Many subpopulations have lower than recommended intake
older adults (over 65+)
African Americans
Obese individuals
Those who are ill or injured
Do We Need Supplements
to be “Well”?
Health maintenance and prevention of disease
Almost 1/2 of the adult population takes supplements of one form or another
What supplements do people take to be well?
Deficiency Issues
Micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) provide:
maintenance of normal cell and tissue function, metabolism, growth and development
True Deficiency Diseases are Rare in the United States
more problems from over nutrition, not malnutrition
Supplements offer an unregulated promise of health in a bottle
It is BIG BUSINESS, with BIG PROFITS
Can a healthful diet provide adequate protection? Or, are supplements the answer?
Common Wellness Supplements
MVI’s
Fish Oil and Flax Oil
Vitamin D
Antioxidants such as vitamins C and E and beta carotene
Gene Polymorphisms
Since the mapping of the human genome, multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified that can affect nutritional status and potentially, overall health
Common SNPs
MTHFR
Vitamin D receptor
Fatty Acid Desaturases (FADS)
PEMT (choline)
Lipoprotein polymorphisms…
FASEB J. 2005 Oct;19(12):1602-16
Healthy Eating Index 2005
Measures adequacy, moderation and variety
(fat, cholesterol, sodium , FGP…)
Data set is from 1999 - 2000
74% of population has a diet that “needs improvement”
10% have a “good diet”
16% of population has a “poor diet”
http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/publications/HEI/HEI99-00report.pdf
Americans Do Not Meet Federal Dietary Recommendations
2001 – 2004 NHANES (16,338 ppl aged 2 and older)
24 hr recall translated into food groups using My Pyramid Equivalents Database
The population did not meet recommendations for all of the nutrient rich food groups except for total grains, meat and beans (categories: fruits, veg, dark green veg, orange veg, legume, starchy veg, other veg, milk, total grains, meat and beans, oils)
Dark greens, orange veg, legumes and whole grains had the poorest showing and 90% of the population did not meet recommendations for total veg and milk.
80 – 90% of Americans are over-consuming fat, sugar, & ETOH
Krebs-Smith et al. J Nutr. 2010 Oct;140(10):1832-8.
Toxic World?
Textbook of Functional Medicine. Institute for Functional Medicine. Gig Harbor, WA. 2005
Do we have evidence that taking MVI’s / Supplements provide benefit?
...
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- 1. Using Bio-fortified Crops for Community Intervention Studies Guangwen Tang, Ph.D. Carotenoids and Health Laboratory Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy Tufts University
- 2. To combat vitamin A deficiency: • vitamin A capsule supplementation • food fortification • dietary approach (the best and major long-term solution) Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University
- 3. Food Sources of Vitamin A animal products plant products preformed vitamin A pro-vitamin A carotenoids
- 4. CH2OH + ß-carotene retinol in SERUM ß-carotene Provitamin A Carotenoids Can Convert to Vitamin A Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University
- 5. Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University Food matrix Dose Conversion Factor (by wt) Reference carrot n = 7 10 mg b-C 3 mg 2H8 vitamin A 15 : 1 (8 to 25 : 1) Tang, et al. AJCN 2005 spinach n = 14 11 mg b-C 3 mg 2H8vitamin A 21 : 1 (11 to 47 : 1) Tang, et al. AJCN 2005 Conversion Factors of Plant b-Carotene to Retinol Using Isotope Reference Method in Adult Subjects
- 6. 21 to 12,500 mg b-carotene 100 mg50 g 50 g 85 mg retinol 50 g 3,000 mg b-carotene 200 mg 15 to 1 200 ml 90 mg retinol 15 g 130 mg retinol 300 mg retinol 305 mg retinolor 30 g RDA: men 900 mg and women 700 mg retinol Children 4 – 8y, 400 mg
- 7. Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University Subjects Dose Conversion Factor (by wt) Reference Golden Rice 5 Adults 1 – 1.5 mg b-C 0.5 – 1 mg 13C10 vitamin A 3.8 : 1 (2 to 6 : 1) Tang, et al. AJCN 2009 Golden Rice 24 Children 1 mg b-C 0.5 mg 13C10 vitamin A 2.0 : 1 Tang, et al. FASEB J. 2010 Yellow Maize US Women n = 5 0.6 mg maize b-C 250 g porridge 6.5 : 1 ( 3.9 to 13.3 : 1) Li, et al. AJCN 2010 Zimbabwean Men, n = 8 1.2 mg maize b-C 300 g porridge 1 mg 13C8vitamin A (reference dose) 3.2 : 1 (1.5 to 5.3 : 1) Muzhingi et al FASEB J. 2010 Conversion Factors of an Acute Dose of Golden Rice or Maize b-Carotene to Retinol
- 8. Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University These results indicate that Golden Rice and high b- carotene yellow maize are more bioavailable to provide vitamin A nutrition.
- 9. Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University Based on the Progress in Nutrition: How do we maximize impact and speed up delivery? Win community support !!! Conduct community studies to feed these staples daily to needed children. It will provide direct evidences on improving vitamin A status with the biofortified staples.
- 10. Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University Choose right locations Inform and communicate with local government agency School and parent supports Good intervention study practice Large scale intervention trials to evaluate the efficacy
- 11. Hengyang, South of Hunan Province
- 13. Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University A Small Town of Xianju County
- 14. Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University Recruitment meeting: Local Office, Parent, Teacher, and Scientists
- 15. Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University Meeting with Parents
- 16. Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University Presenting the Protocol
- 17. Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University Asking Questions
- 18. Sterilizer Cabinet for Utensils
- 19. Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University Purchase Foods from Reliable Sources
- 20. Distributing Labeled VA Capsules as a Reference Dose Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University
- 21. Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University Providing Healthy Meals
- 22. Get Ready for Blood Draw
- 23. Before the End of Study Meeting
- 26. Sign to Receive Gifts for Participation
- 28. Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University Large scale community efficacy intervention trials will bring the new crops to their daily life, gain first-hand health impact information, and promote the acceptance.