Does nutrition education improve complementary feeding practices and mothers nutrition knowledge? A case study of Western Kenya presented by Jacqueline Kipkorir PhD Student,, Kenyatta University
Find out more about this research:
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/news/detail/improving-nutrition-through-local-agricultural-biodiversity-in-kenya/
it contains info about infant and young child feeding guidelines ,breast feeding, complementary feeding, supplementary feeding, feeding in hiv aids, ims act etc
Infant and young child feeding ppt describe the nutritional needs of infant and child. Exclusive breastfeeding for six months and complementary feeding for the child. avoid formula feeding for the child and continue breastfeeding for 24 months.
it contains info about infant and young child feeding guidelines ,breast feeding, complementary feeding, supplementary feeding, feeding in hiv aids, ims act etc
Infant and young child feeding ppt describe the nutritional needs of infant and child. Exclusive breastfeeding for six months and complementary feeding for the child. avoid formula feeding for the child and continue breastfeeding for 24 months.
COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING, COMPLEMENTARY FOOD, IMPORTANCE OF COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING, TIME TO START COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING, ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE OF EARLY AND DELAYED FEEDING.
Background of National Nutrition Program
Malnutrition in Nepal
Efforts to address under-nutrition
Objectives of National Nutrition Programme
Targets of National Nutrition Programme
Strategies of National Nutrition Programme
Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices among the Lactating Mothers: A Cross...RHIMRJ Journal
Introduction: Early and exclusive breastfeeding is now recognized as one of the most effective interventions for child
survival particularly to address morbidity and mortality related to three major conditions i.e. neonatal infections, diarrhea
and pneumonia.
2. Aim: To study the infant and young child feeding practices among the lactating mothers of village Khuda Lahora of
Chandigarh.
3. Objectives:
a. To assess the prevailing breast feeding practices adopted by the lactating mothers of village Khuda Lahora.
b. To identify the barriers which lead to inappropriate breast feeding practices.
c. To examine the complementary feeding given to the infants and young children of the village.
4. Methodology: The study was conducted in the one of the randomly selected village Khuda Lahora of the “city beautiful”-
Chandigarh. The total population of the village is 3,476. There are 2,011 males and 1,456 females. There were 191
mothers who were registered in the sub centre of the village but only 167 participated in the study.
5. Results: The rate of exclusive breast feeding among the lactating mothers is found to be 22.7% and 46% of the mothers
have some prior knowledge of breastfeeding. It was found that 71% of the respondents started complementary feeding at
the age of 4-5 months. It is seen that 29% of the respondents gave diluted milk.
COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING, COMPLEMENTARY FOOD, IMPORTANCE OF COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING, TIME TO START COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING, ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE OF EARLY AND DELAYED FEEDING.
Background of National Nutrition Program
Malnutrition in Nepal
Efforts to address under-nutrition
Objectives of National Nutrition Programme
Targets of National Nutrition Programme
Strategies of National Nutrition Programme
Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices among the Lactating Mothers: A Cross...RHIMRJ Journal
Introduction: Early and exclusive breastfeeding is now recognized as one of the most effective interventions for child
survival particularly to address morbidity and mortality related to three major conditions i.e. neonatal infections, diarrhea
and pneumonia.
2. Aim: To study the infant and young child feeding practices among the lactating mothers of village Khuda Lahora of
Chandigarh.
3. Objectives:
a. To assess the prevailing breast feeding practices adopted by the lactating mothers of village Khuda Lahora.
b. To identify the barriers which lead to inappropriate breast feeding practices.
c. To examine the complementary feeding given to the infants and young children of the village.
4. Methodology: The study was conducted in the one of the randomly selected village Khuda Lahora of the “city beautiful”-
Chandigarh. The total population of the village is 3,476. There are 2,011 males and 1,456 females. There were 191
mothers who were registered in the sub centre of the village but only 167 participated in the study.
5. Results: The rate of exclusive breast feeding among the lactating mothers is found to be 22.7% and 46% of the mothers
have some prior knowledge of breastfeeding. It was found that 71% of the respondents started complementary feeding at
the age of 4-5 months. It is seen that 29% of the respondents gave diluted milk.
A presentation I made for a graduate-level Maternal & Childhood Nutrition course. This PowerPoint focuses on the important role good nutrition can play in this age group, as well as nutrition programs for this age group.
Community-based educational Intervention improved the diversity of complementary diets in Western Kenya. Community-based educational intervention improved the diversity of complementary diets in Western Kenya: results from a randomized control trial improving the diversity of complementary diets in Western Kenya. Presentation by Lydiah M. Waswa: PhD Student, Justus Liebig University- Giessen
Find out more about this research:
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/news/detail/improving-nutrition-through-local-agricultural-biodiversity-in-kenya/
Year 1 Impact Results: Pre-school meals as a platform for behavior change at ...IFPRIMaSSP
Presented by Dr. Mangani Katundu, Associate Professor, Chancellor College, at IFPRI Malawi workshop and policy dialogue, 'Nutrition-sensitive social protection and integrated programs in Malawi: Evidence from a longitudinal study in Zomba spanning the 2016-17 food crises,' in Lilongwe, Malawi, May 17, 2018.
Presentation made at a two-day workshop "Stepping up to India’s Nutrition Challenge: The Critical Role of Policy Makers" for district administrators from India’s Aspirational Districts, on 6-7 Aug 2018, at Mussoorie.
Local Determinants of Malnutrition: An Expanded Positive Deviance Studyjehill3
Local Determinants of Malnutrition: An Expanded Positive Deviance Study
Julie Hettinger, Food for the Hungry
Nutrition Working Group Showcase
CORE Group Spring Meeting, April 29, 2010
Improving nutrition through increased utilisation of local agricultural biodiversity in Kenya. Presentation given by Gudrun Keding, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Bioversity International.
Find out more about this research:
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/news/detail/improving-nutrition-through-local-agricultural-biodiversity-in-kenya/
"OptiFood - Future Approach to Improve Nutrition Programme Planning and Policy Decisions in SE Asia" from the Regional Conference on Micronutrient Fortification of Foods 2013 (10 ~ 11 October 2013 in Bangkok, Thailand)
Similar to Does nutrition education improve complementary feeding practices? (20)
Presentation given by Ann Tutwiler, Director General, Bioversity International, at the Svalbard Global Seed Vault Anniversary Event, February 2018.
This presentation outlines the results of a feasibility study for a Global Cryo-Collection of crops that cannot be conserved by seed. These include banana, cacao, cassava, coconut, coffee, potato and yams. These crops either don’t produce conventional seeds, like bananas, or because the seeds they do produce do not always resemble their parents, like potatoes and many other roots and tubers making it impossible to reproduce them.
Cryopreservation is safe and reliable and dependable. In cryopreservation, plants are stored in in liquid nitrogen at a temperature of -196 °C, a temperature so cold that it effectively stops all the living processes within the plant tissue, freezing it forever in time. Plants can then be regenerated from tiny stored samples and grown into whole plants.
This study was commissioned by Bioversity International, the International Potato Center (CIP) and the Global Crop Diversity Trust with financial support from Australia, Germany and Switzerland.
Read it here:
https://www.bioversityinternational.org/e-library/publications/detail/feasibility-study-for-a-safety-back-up-cryopreservation-facility-independent-expert-report-july-2017/
Ann Tutwiler presents on the importance of agricultural biodiversity for improving planetary health and human health at the Inaugural Planetary Health/Geohealth Annual Meeting - April 29 2017, Harvard Medical School. #PHGH2017
Visit the conference website: https://planetaryhealthannualmeeting.org/
Find out more about agricultural biodiversity for sustainable development
www.bioversityinternational.org/sdgs
Ann Tutwiler, Director General, Bioversity International presents why food diversity matters for human health and the planet's health using a case study from India detailing how millets were brought back to diets and markets.
Find out more about our work on millets
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/research-portfolio/markets-for-diverse-species/millets/
Find out more about the Earth Optimism Summit - April 21-23 2017
https://earthoptimism.si.edu/calendar/summit/events/human-health-planets-health/
Re-collection to assess temporal variation in wild barley diversity in JordanBioversity International
Presentation delivered by Dr Imke Thormann at the International Agrobiodiversity Congress 2016, held in Delhi, India, 6-9 November.
Imke Thormann's presentation focused on crop wild relative genetic erosion and how it can be studied.
Find out more about the India Agrobiodiversity Congress:
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/iac2016/
Presentation delivered by Dr Jacob van Etten at the International Agrobiodiversity Congress 2016, held in Delhi, India, 6-9 November.
In his talk, Dr van Etten brought attention to the power of citizen scientists and crowdsourcing, which has particularly helped initiatives such as 'Seeds for Needs'.
Find out more about the India Agrobiodiversity Congress:
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/iac2016/
Securing plant genetic resources for perpetuity through cryopreservationBioversity International
Presentation delivered by Dr Bart Panis at the International Agrobiodiversity Congress 2016, held in Delhi, India, 6-9 November.
Among other international endeavors, this presentation highlighted the efforts of the International Transit Centre in conserving plant genetic resources such as Musa (banana) for our consumption today and tomorrow.
Find out more about the India Agrobiodiversity Congress:
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/iac2016/
We Manage What We Measure: An Agrobiodiversity Index to Help Deliver SDGsBioversity International
Presentation delivered by M. Ann Tutwiler at the International Agrobiodiversity Congress 2016, held in Delhi, India, 6-9 November.
The presentation outlined a new Agrobiodiversity Index that will enable governments, private sector and other decision-makers to assess and track agrobiodiversity in food systems. Currently there is no consistent way to do this.
Find out more about the India Agrobiodiversity Congress:
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/iac2016/
IAC 2016 gathered 850 delegates from over 40 countries across the world who presented the results and stories of progress of agrobiodiversity research they are involved in.
Bioversity International policy scientist Ronnie Vernooy gave this presentation at the the Global Consultation on Farmers’ Rights, Indonesia, 27-30 September 2016, organized by the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (Plant Treaty).
The importance of farmers’ rights is recognized in Article 9 of the Plant Treaty.
In this presentation Vernooy shows how a community-based approach to the management of agricultural biodiversity, including supporting community seedbanks, can empower and benefit smallholder farmers and farming communities economically, environmentally and socially. This approach makes implementing farmers’ rights at national level both practical and effective contributing to food and seed security, sustainable livelihoods and resilience.
For more information, please visit:
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/research-portfolio/conservation-of-crop-diversity/community-seedbanks/
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/research-portfolio/policies-for-plant-diversity-management/the-plant-treaty/
Presentation given at the session on 'Seeds of Resilience - Novel strategies for using crop diversity in climate change adaptation' at Tropentag 2016, September 21st, Vienna, by Bioversity International scientist Ronnie Vernooy.
Future impacts of climate change are expected to become more pronounced in many parts of the world, forcing farmers to change their practices and causing them to find crops and varieties better adapted to new weather dynamics. Providing farmers with better access to crop and varietal diversity can strengthen their capacity to adapt to climate change. Under supportive policy and socioeconomic conditions, such strengthened capacity could contribute to greater food availability throughout the year, the production of more nutritious and healthy crops, and income generation. This is easier said than done.
How do we design and implement a comprehensive strategy that will allow farmers to access and use plant genetic diversity more effectively in the context of climate change adaptation? This session responded to this question through an interactive introduction to the challenge of enabling farmers to use climate-adapted germplasm (led by Bioversity International), a practical example from the field to bring new diversity to farmers fields (a case study from Uganda), and a “this is how we support crop diversification for climate change adaptation” exchange among a number of experts from government (development cooperation), private sector and civil society.
Find out more:
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/tropentag2016/
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/e-library/publications/detail/resource-box-for-resilient-seed-systems-handbook/
A short booklet that describes how and why Bioversity International carries out research for development in agricultural and tree biodiversity. The booklet gives information about why agricultural and tree biodiversity matters for sustainable development, our strategic initiatives, where we work and our areas of scientific expertise. Find out more on www.bioversityinternational.org
Ann Tutwiler, Director General, Bioversity International gave this presentation at the Eighth Biodiversity Conference, Trondheim on 31st May 2016.
Current agricultural intensification practices are the biggest threat to sustainability and a major force behind breaching multiple planetary boundaries (Steffen et al., 2015). Agriculture contributes to between 19 and 29% of total GHG emissions (US EPA 2011, Vermeulen et al. 2012), uses of 69% of freshwater resources (AQUASTAT 2014), and 34% of the terrestrial, icefree surface of the planet accounting for 31% of wild biodiversity loss (Ramankutty et al. 2008). It is the primary driver for the substantial breach of the planetary boundary for phosphorous, and nitrogen (Carpenter and Bennett 2011, Steffen et al. 2015). The foods we produce from these systems struggle to nourish a growing global population where nearly 2 billion suffer from nutrient deficiencies, and another 2 billion suffer from obesity.
In as much as agricultural practices are important parts of the problem, they are likely to be our best bet for novel solutions addressing both human and environmental health. Increasing and improved use of agricultural biodiversity has the capacity provide both food and nutritional security, providing the ingredients of healthy, culturally sensitive, and enjoyable meals.
Mounting evidence suggests that producing food for diversified diets is often complementary with improving agriculture’s sustainability record. Agricultural biodiversity provides the core ecosystem services that underpin sustainable agricultural intensification: pollination, pest control, and sustainably stored and sourced soil nutrients. Finally, as the planet’s largest ecosystem, sustainable intensification of agricultural ecosystems has the capacity to provide multiple ecosystem services converting agriculture from a net source, to net sink of green house gases; reigning in planetary boundaries on phosphorus, nitrogen, and water; and creating a safe space for wild biodiversity .
Achieving agricultural biodiversity’s potential however, requires stronger support of the
research and development community, better articulation of biodiversity’s contribution to
multiple sustainable development goals, and improved indicators and indices that facilitate impact and progress both environmental and human well-being targets.
Find out more about Bioversity International's research on productive and resilient farms, forests and landscapes:
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/initiatives/farms-forests-landscapes/
Visit the official Trondheim 8th Biodiversity Conference page:
http://www.trondheimconference.org/
Ann Tutwiler, Director General, Bioversity International presentation on NOT finding the world's next superfood. This presentation was delivered at Kew Gardens on May 12th 2016 at the State of the World's Plants Symposium.
Abstract: In the last few years, superfoods such as quinoa, amaranth and goji berries have been celebrated in the international media in recognition of their rich nutrient content.
But it is not just Western consumers that can benefit from rediscovering these forgotten foods.
M. Ann Tutwiler, Director General, Bioversity International, will explain how many nutritious traditional foods, which have largely fallen off menus and research-for-development agendas in favour of a handful of staple grains, are starting to make a comeback on the plates of the world’s poorest and most malnourished populations.
Bioversity International carries out research on a diverse range of underutilized crops, and advocates for their wider use in healthy diets from sustainable food systems. This overview will include examples of how research-for-development efforts on quinoa in the High Andes and minor millets in India have helped bring diverse varieties back to the farm, the market and the plate. She will highlight how these crops are often not just nutrient-rich but also have a high potential to contribute to livelihoods. They are often also highly resilient to today’s production challenges, such as climate change.
In conclusion, M. Ann Tutwiler will outline the urgent need to identify, promote and protect these useful plants which all have the potential to be placed into a diverse basket of Super Foods when it comes to delivering food and nutrition security.
In light of the 'Soils and pulses: symbiosis for life – A contribution to the Agenda 2030' event that took place at the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO), Bioversity International's researcher Paola De Santis highlighted the importance of pulse diversity in managing pests and diseases in farmers' fields. Planting diverse pulse varieties can reduce the farm’s vulnerability to pests and diseases, and is a risk management strategy for unpredictability in rainfall and temperatures.
Learn more about Bioversity International's research on managing pests and diseases: http://bit.ly/23ZWtBW
Without safeguarding trees, one can't safeguard the forest - Soutenir les Arb...Bioversity International
Keynote presented by Bioversity International's scientist Dr Laura Snook about the importance of forest genetic resources and how without safeguarding trees, one can't safeguard the forest.
Learn more about Bioversity International's research: http://www.bioversityinternational.org/forests/
Agricultural biodiversity in climate change adaptation planning: An analysis of the National Adaptation Programmes of Action - a presentation given at the 15th meeting of the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, FAO, Rome, January 2015. Presentation given by Ana Bedmar Villanueva, Michael Halewood and Isabel López from Bioversity International.
Read a news announcement about the new guidelines for use of agrobiodiversity in climate change adaptation planning
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/news/detail/new-guidelines-for-use-of-agricultural-biodiversity-in-climate-change-adaptation-planning/
This work is carried out in collaboration with the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS).
Presentation given by Pierre du Plassis, SADC Secretariat, at the Mutual Implementation of the Plant Treaty and the Nagoya Protocol Workshop, Addis Ababa, November 16th.
Feedback on survey results, Ana Bedmar / Michael Halewood, Bioversity International. Presented at the Mutual Implementation of the Plant Treaty and Nagoya Protocol Workshop, Addis Ababa, 17th November
Resilient seed systems and Adaptation to climate change: Some Results from Participatory Climate & Crops Suitability modeling in 8 African Countries. Presentation by Gloria Otieno, Bioversity International given at the 'Mutual Implementation of the Plant Treaty and the Nagoya Protocol' workshop, Assia Ababa, November 16th 2015
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Does nutrition education improve complementary feeding practices?
1. Does nutrition education improve complementary
feeding practices and mothers nutrition
knowledge? A case study of Western Kenya
Jacqueline Kipkorir PhD Student , Kenyatta University
28th August 2014
2. Background I
• 35% of children in Kenya are stunted (KNBS & ICF Macro,
2010)
• Complementary foods in Kenya, consist of mostly grain
and starchy staples and introduced early (KNBS & ICF
Macro, 2010)
• Inadequate knowledge on appropriate foods and poor
feeding practices is a greater determinant of malnutrition
that actual lack of food among young children (Krebs et al,
2011)
• 600,000 child deaths can be prevented through adequate
complementary feeding practices (Krebs et al., 2011)
3. Background II
• Adequate complementary feeding practices can
help prevent stunting and iron deficiency (Smith &
Haddad, 1999; Hotz & Gibson, 2005)
• Maternal education has a positive effect on
complementary feeding practices and improved child
health (Smith & Haddad, 1999;Shi & Zhang, 2010)
• Nutrition education improved breastfeeding
practices and reduced growth faltering rates (Dewey
& Adu-Afarwuah, 2008)
4. Overall Objective
To determine effect of nutrition education
complementary feeding practices and
mothers nutrition knowledge
5. Study Hypotheses
H01: There is no significant difference between the
control and intervention group with regard to
complementary feeding practices.
H02: There is no significant difference between the
control and intervention group with regard to
maternal nutrition knowledge
7. Study Flow
Baseline survey in households with children 6-23 months and their caregivers
Middle survey in same households with children 6-23 months and their caregivers
to capture seasonal differences, Nov 2012 (n=218)
Intervention Group (10 villages) Control Group (10 villages)
9
Jul/Aug 2012 (n=300)
Restricted cluster randomization (using baseline results)
District, AEZs, wealth index, stunting, CDDS, education level of caregivers
Nutrition education sessions on
complementary feeding
Feb-Jun 2013
Endline survey in households children aged 6-23 months and their caregivers
Jul/Aug 2013 ; Intervention group (n=101),Control group (n=100)
8. Study Population
• Baseline survey
• Households with caregivers and children 6-23 months
• Two stage cluster sampling
15 villages randomly from each district proportional to population size
10 households randomly selected per village
• Intervention
10-15 caregivers with children 6-17 months in each intervention village
• Endline survey
• Intervention group: All caregivers who participated in the NE
• Control group: 10 households per village randomly selected
201 caregivers interviewed: Control (n=100), Intervention (n=101)
9. Nutrition education sesssions
Sessions Time Topics Materials
1 February • The importance of complementary feeding
Main activity: participatory group discussions
IYCF materials
2 February-
March
• Dietary diversity during complementary
feeding
• Cooking demonstration
Main activities: participatory group discussions and
cooking demonstration
Food circle, Seasonal
food availability
calendars,
Locally available foods
General Elections in March 2013 and Follow-up visits in April 2013
3 May • Making nutritious and diverse meals for
children aged 6-23 months
• Cooking demonstration
Main activities: participatory group discussions and
cooking demonstration
IYCF materials, Food
circle, Seasonal food
availability calendars,
Locally available foods
4 June • How to obtain and prepare adequate and
nutritious meals for children 6-23 months
Main activities: group discussions and presentations
Posters, Brochures:
Food circle, Nutritious
snacks etc.
The themes and topics for the nutrition education sessions were selected based on the findings from the
baseline survey with reference to materials from FAO 2004 and UNICEF 2012
10. Data Collection
• Structured household questionnaires
– Level of education
– Occupation
– Complementary feeding practices
– Mothers knowledge on nutrition
– etc.
• 24 hour recall and 7-day food frequency
• Anthropometric measurements of mothers and children
• Focus group discussions on complementary feeding
practices
12. Data Analysis II
• Knowledge Assessment is based on 10 questions that assessed
tested nutrition knowledge. Each question was given a maximum
score of 6. Total Score was 60. The score was assigned as follows
Attribute Score
1 No Knowledge 0
2 Low Knowledge 1-12
3 Average Knowledge 13-24
4 Adequate Knowledge 25-36
5 Good knowledge 37-48
6 Excellent Knowledge 49-60
• Mann-Whitney test and Chi Square statistics to test for significance
13. Infant and Young Child Feeding(IYCF) Indicators
– Continued breastfeeding: Children 12-15 months of age
who received breast milk in the previous day
– Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD): > 4 food groups per
day
– Minimum Meal Frequency (MMF): > 3 meals per day
– Minimum Acceptable Diet (MAD): Children who received
> 4 food groups and > 3 meals a day
– Consumption of iron fortified and iron rich foods:
number of children who received iron fortified foods divided
by the number of children 6-23 months
15. Selected characteristics of study households (n=201)
Characteristic Intervention Control
Mean SD Mean SD
Age of mother (years) 30 7.2 30 9.4
Age of child (months) 16 5.8 16 5.3
Knowledge Score (mean) (0-60) 21 10.4 12.4 8.6
Household size 6 2.2 5.7 2
Land acreage (acres) 0.9 1.0 0.7 0.8
CDDS (0-7) 4.11 1.0 3.2 1.1
HDDS (0-12) 7.72 1.2 7.13 1.3
Characteristic (%) Intervention Control
Marital Status
Married 92 94
Widowed/Single 8 6
16. Level of education (Mother)
100.0
90.0
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
Some primary Completed
primary
(standard 8)
Some
secondary
Completed
Secondary (
Form 4
Intervention
Control
17. Complementary Feeding Practices I
Characteristic Intervention (n=101) Control (n=100)
Mean SD Mean SD
Exclusive breastfeeding (mean
age)
4.5 2.3 3.2 2.2
Start of Complementary feeding 4.7 1.9 3.4 2.3
Number of times semisolids and
4.7 1.2 4.5 1.2
solids consumed previous day
Characteristic (%) Intervention Control
Pre-lacteal feeds 10.9 15
Fed liquids, solid or semi solid
100 100
foods
Preparation of extra meal for
child
79.8 74
Child still being breastfed 75.2 73
18. Consumption of various food groups (Children)
Grains,roots and tubers
Other fruits and vegetables
Dairy products
Fleshy and organ meat
Vitamin A rich fruits and…
0 20 40 60 80 100
Legumes and nuts
Eggs
Control Intervention
19. Complementary feeding practices I
Variable
n
Intervention
(%) n
Control
(%) P
Minimum
Dietary Diversity
74 73 42 42 <0.001
Minimum Meal
Frequency
99 98 94 94 0.145
Consumption of
iron fortified and
iron rich foods
61 60 49 49 <0.001
* Chi Square test
20. Knowledge Assessment
Variable n Intervention n Control P
Knowledge Score
101 20.7(10.4) 10
12.4
(mean, SD)
0
(8.6)
<0.001
1 No Knowledge (%) 3 3 12 12
2 Low knowledge (%) 21 20.8 37 37
3 Average knowledge
(%)
40 39.6 43 43
4 Adequate knowledge
(%)
32 31.7 7 7
5 Good knowledge (%) 5 5 1 1
6 Excellent Knowledge
(%)
0 0 0 0
* Mann-Whitney
22. Conclusion
• Nutrition education was beneficial in improving MDD
and Consumption of iron rich foods. Reject
hypothesis 1
• Nutrition Education was beneficial in improving
maternal nutritional knowledge. Reject hypothesis 2
23. Recommendation
• More focus on nutrition education as an intervention
together with other IYCF strategies to improve infant
and young child feeding practices
• Development of a curriculum for nutrition education
specifically targeted at complementary feeding to go
hand in hand with other available IYCF materials
• Determination of nutrient quality of locally available
foods to be used in complementary feeding
24. Next Steps
• Data analysis to continue using baseline, middle and endline
– Differences in difference test to be applied to baseline and end line
data to allow for comparison.
– Comparison of baseline and end line; Intervention and Control with
regard to
• Complementary feeding practices (Frequency, Amount and
Dietary diversity)
• Maternal nutritional knowledge
• Nutrient intake
• Nutritional status of children
• Determine if nutritional knowledge of the mothers has an effect
on practice
– Perform further statistical analysis
25. Acknowledgement
• Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and
Development, Germany and the CGIAR Research
Programme on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health(A4NH)
for funding
• Supervisors
– Prof Judith Kimiywe
– Dr. Gudrun Keding
• Bioversity International
• Study participants
• INULA colleagues
DIVIDER SLIDE
You can use it to introduce a section of your presentation.
Prevalence of malnutrition in Western Kenya:
34.2% of children in Western Kenya are stunted
12% of women 15-49 years are underweight (BMI< 18.5) while 25% are overweight or obese
On determinants – mention studies
Socio-economic status had an effect on nutritional status in a study in Bangladesh.
Low level of education, poor economic status were associated with poor dietary intake in Tanzania
Prevalence of malnutrition in Western Kenya:
34.2% of children in Western Kenya are stunted
12% of women 15-49 years are underweight (BMI< 18.5) while 25% are overweight or obese
On determinants – mention studies
Socio-economic status had an effect on nutritional status in a study in Bangladesh.
Low level of education, poor economic status were associated with poor dietary intake in Tanzania
DIVIDER SLIDE
You can use it to introduce a section of your presentation.
LM1=Humid Lower Midland Zone
LM2= Sub-humid Lower Midland Zone
LM3= Semi-humid Lower Midland Zone
LM4= Transitional Lower Midland Zone
UM1= Humid Upper Midland Zone
Dietary Diversity Questionnaire used to collect data on HHDS,WDDS, CDDS
Dietary diversity scores is the sum of food groups consumed over a 24 hour reference period
DIVIDER SLIDE
You can use it to introduce a section of your presentation.
Minimum and max age of mother – 16 and 65
Minimum and mac age of child – 5.3 – 23.8
A high percentage of mother had only primary school level education.
Minimum and max age of mother – 16 and 65
Minimum and mac age of child – 5.3 – 23.8
A high percentage of mother had only primary school level education.
DIVIDER SLIDE
You can use it to introduce a section of your presentation.