This document discusses nonverbal communication, which is communication through behaviors other than words such as gestures, facial expressions, tone of voice, and use of space. It describes the different functions of nonverbal communication such as reinforcing, substituting, or contradicting verbal messages. Various nonverbal codes are also explained like kinesics, oculesics, paralanguage, artifacts, proxemics, and haptics. The document concludes by discussing how culture, technology, and the situation can influence nonverbal communication.

1. Nonverbal Communication
Real Communication by Dan O’Hair and Mary Wiemann

2. What is nonverbal
communication?

3. Nonverbal Communication
❖ It is the process of intentionally or unintentionally
signaling meaning through behavior other than
words.
❖ Using actions, gestures, tone of voice, or eye behavior.

4. ❖ Communication can be
using nonverbal
behaviors in addition
to words.
❖ Smiling, frowning, or
gesture when you
speak.
❖ It can be spontaneous,
unintentional, or
ambiguous.

5. This is
very
serious!
Channel
Discrepancy
When words and actions
don’t match, which is
more believable?

6. Functions of Nonverbal
1. Reinforces Verbal Communication
• Repeating - mirrors the verbal message.
• Complementing - matches the verbal message, but not
mirroring.
• Accenting - clarifying or emphasizing specific
information in the verbal message.

7. Functions of Nonverbal
2. Substituting Verbal Communication
• replacing words
3. Contradicting
• conveying meaning that is opposite

8. Functions of Nonverbal
4. Regulating Verbal Interaction
• assisting the back-and-forth of communication in a
constructive and appropriate manner.
5. Sense of Immediacy
• a feeling of closeness, involvement, and warmth between
people.

9. Functions of Nonverbal
6. Deception
• attempt to convince someone of something that is false.

10. Nonverbal Codes
Kinesics are aspects of
gestures and body movements that
send various messages.
Emblems
Illustrators
Regulators
Adaptors
Affect displays

11. Nonverbal Codes
Facial Expressions
sadness
anger
disgust
fear
interest
surprise
happiness

12. Nonverbal Codes
Masking
the act of replacing
an expression that
shows true feeling
with an expression
that shows
appropriate feeling.

13. Nonverbal Codes
Oculesics
the use of eyes in
nonverbal
communication has a
huge impact.

14. Nonverbal Codes
Paralanguage is
nonverbal vocal
messages.
how and when we
pause.
the speed and
volume of our
speech.
the tone and
inflections we use.

15. Nonverbal Codes
Artifacts
accessories carried or used
by the body for decoration
or identification.
appearance affects
perceptions of
attractiveness.
judgement about a
person’s background,
character, personality,
status, and future
behavior.

16. Nonverbal Codes
Space and Environment
Proxemics is the way we
use our space.
Intimate - 0 to 18”
Personal - 18” to 4 ft.
Social - 4 to 12 ft.
Public - 12 ft. and more

17. Nonverbal Codes
Space and Environment
Territoriality claims
space through
occupation of that area.
Environment, the
layout, and decoration
of the space you occupy
tells something about
you.

18. Nonverbal Codes
Tactile or Haptics
Communication
Touch can be functional-
professional used to perform a job.
Touch can be social-polite for
interpersonal.
Touch can be %iendship-warmth
for affection.
Touch can be love-intimacy used
for romance.
Touch can be sexual-arousal used
in sexual relationships.

19. Nonverbal Codes
Chronemics
The study of how people
perceive the use of time.
How people structure
time in their
relationships.
Time orientation is your
personal associations
with the use of time.
Use of time gives clues of
how you feel in a certain
situation.

20. Influences on Nonverbal Communication

21. Culture
Contact cultures depend
on touch as a crucial form
of nonverbal
communication.

22. Culture
Non-contact cultures are
less touch-sensitive or
even tend to avoid touch.

23. Technology
We use capitalization,
emoticons and boldfaced
terms.

24. the Situation
We judge the
appropriateness of
nonverbal communication
by public-private
dimension or physical
space.

25. the Situation
We judge the
appropriateness of
nonverbal communication
by informal-formal
dimension as more
psychological.