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Nonverbal Communication In A Police Interrogation Oldversion

The document discusses how law enforcement officers can use nonverbal communication cues to aid in interrogation and deception detection. It focuses on four key areas of nonverbal communication: facial expressions and gaze, kinesics or body movements, physical appearance, and vocalics or paralanguage. The document provides lists of potential deceptive tells or cues in each of these areas that officers can look for, such as increased blinking, fidgeting or hand movements, pitch and speech errors. It emphasizes that these cues are not completely reliable indicators of deception on their own.

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How to use nonverbal behaviors to aid in interrogation and deception detection Nonverbal Communication in a Police Interrogation
What is nonverbal communication? Nonverbal communication involves several different aspects: Facial Expression and Gaze Kinesics Haptics Vocalics Proxemics Physical Appearance Chronemics The Environment
Focus Areas For the purpose of this training session we will focus on certain areas of nonverbal communication that will aid you, the officer, in interrogation. Facial Expression and Gaze Kinesics Physical Appearance Vocalics
Facial Expression and Gaze According to Canary, Cody, & Manusov (2003) facial expression and gaze refers to how people use their facial expressions and eyes to communicate (p.104). Facial Primacy , a term coined by researchers, indicates that facial expression influences our initial impressions and appraisals.
Facial Expression continued According to the study conducted by Levine, Asada, & Park (2006) significantly less eye contact was seen by participants who were known to be telling a lie. Canary, Cody, & Manusov (2003) state squinting, or closed eyes, often times is a manifestation of depression It is important to assess these messages while interviewing as they can indicate lying, possible mental illness, and several other important messages.
Signs of deception The following list from Canary, Cody, & Masunov (2003) are commonly found facial and gaze tells of deception. It is important to note that these are only relatively reliable, not completely. Pupil Dilation – When lying, the pupils will dilate Blinking – Liars often will blink more frequently As the presentation continues this list will become more complete
Kinesics Kinesics involves facial expression, eye movements, and any other movements made with the body. Gestures are the most well known of any kinesthetic movement.
Kinesics continued Gestures, or what we call emblems in communication, are gestures that have been culturally created to communicate without words. As noted above, emblems are culturally created, meaning different cultures might have different gestures. According to Mausehund, Timm, & King (1995) multiculturalism is on the rise. This is important to keep in mind when interrogating someone of a different culture.
Kinesics continued An example of this is seen with eye contact. South East Asian cultures believe a lack of eye contact shows respect and gives authority to the speaker. If an officer didn’t know this, than a South East Asian who thought he was showing respect might be seen as a liar according to the information we just gave you about lack of eye contact.
A quick note about hands Hand movements, a type of gesture, are often studied in relation to deception. Vrij, Akehurst, & Morris (1997) found that individuals that are better able to control their nonverbal behavior will make fewer hand movements when being deceptive.
List of deceptive tells Facial Expression and Gaze Pupil Dilation Blinking Kinesics Adaptors - Often times, liars will engage in rubbing hands or arms together
Physical Appearance Physical appearance includes hair color, body type, clothing choices, and unique physical characteristics. Physical appearance is one of the first things we, as humans, appraise when we make character judgments.
Physical Appearance Unfortunately, when we make judgments by physical appearance we tend to be incorrect. Canary, Cody, Manusov (2003) indicate that often times we do not reveal personality characteristics nonverbally. Think of the popular story “The Prince and the Pauper”
Often referred to as paralanguage and can refer to: rate, pitch, character, volume, and amount of variation used while speaking. Vocalics are often mistaken for verbal communication. Vocalics
Vocalics continued When we communicate, often times people will groan, laugh, or even use silence to substitute for words. Being receptive to vocalics will aid any interrogation. Canary, Cody, Masunov (2003) say that less monotonous, less nasal and shrill voices are related to people that are extraverted, open and conscientious. Think how different the words, “I’m sorry” can be depending on how they are said!
List of deceptive tells Facial Expression and Gaze Pupil Dilation Blinking Kinesics Adaptors (rubbing hands, or arms together) Vocalics Response Length – Liars usually will not talk as long as truth tellers do. Speech Errors – Liars make more errors while speaking (switching from past tense to present tense, etc). Speech Hesitation – Liars will use more fillers such as “Ahhh”, or “Umm”. Pitch – Liars will speak in a higher pitch than someone telling the truth.
Review Nonverbal communication has several different aspects, but we focused on four major areas that will aid with interrogation Facial Expression and Gaze Kinesics – body movements Physical Appearance Vocalics and we compiled a reference list of common deceptive tells…
List of deceptive tells Facial Expression and Gaze Pupil Dilation Blinking Kinesics – body movement Adaptors – rubbing hands or arms together Vocalics Response Length Speech Errors Speech Hesitation
References Canary, D.J., Cody, M.J., & Manusov, V.L. (2003). Interpersonal Communication: A goals-based approach . Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martin’s. Levine,T.R., Asada, K.J.K., & Park, H.S. (2006). The lying chicken and the gaze avoidant egg: Eye contact, deception, and causal order. Southern Communication Journal, 71(4) , 401-411. Mausehand, J.A., Timm, S.A., & King, A.S. (1995). Diversity training: Effects of intervention treatment of nonverbal awareness. Business Communication Quarterly, 58, 27-30. Vrij, A., Akehurst, L., & Morris, P. (1997). Individual differences in hand movements during deception. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 21(2), 87- 102.