BONES OF EAR
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The document discusses the auditory ossicles, which are three small bones in the middle ear - the malleus, incus, and stapes. It describes the role of each bone in transmitting sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear. The malleus is attached to the eardrum and transmits vibrations to the incus, which then passes them to the stapes to reach the inner ear. Together, the three bones mechanically transmit sound through a chain reaction of vibrations. The ossicles also help regulate loud sounds by contracting muscles that reduce the eardrum's vibration. Disorders can occur from conditions like otosclerosis or genetic disorders.
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The ear is divided into three main parts - the outer, middle, and inner ear. The outer ear collects sound waves and directs them through the ear canal to the eardrum. The middle ear contains three tiny bones that amplify vibrations from the eardrum and transmit them to the inner ear. The inner ear converts the mechanical vibrations into electrical signals via hair cells in the cochlea, which are then sent to the brain along the auditory nerve to be interpreted as sound.
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3) In the inner ear, the vibrations are converted into electrical signals by hair cells and transmitted through the auditory nerve to the brain, where they are interpreted as sound.
Ear
Psychoacoustics is the study of hearing and the relationship between the physical properties of sound and the sensations they produce. Sound waves travel through the outer, middle, and inner ear, with the middle ear amplifying the sounds through the ossicular chain before reaching the fluid-filled cochlea. Within the cochlea, the basilar membrane responds differently to different sound frequencies, with high frequencies producing maximum vibration near the base and low frequencies near the apex, allowing for frequency analysis. The signals received by the dendrites are combined in the neuron cell body, and if above threshold, cause the neuron to fire a pulse down the axon to transmit to other neurons.
Ear
The ear has several parts that work together to capture sound and transmit information to the brain. Sound enters the outer ear and vibrates the eardrum, transmitting vibrations through three small bones to the inner ear. In the inner ear, vibrations stimulate hair cells that send signals through the auditory nerve to the brain, where they are interpreted as sound. The inner ear also contains structures like the semicircular canals that help maintain balance by sending information to the brain about head position. The ear can detect sounds from about 16-16,000 Hz and serves important functions of hearing, emotional response, and balance.
Presentation Ear.pptx
The document provides information about the anatomy and functions of the human ear. It describes the three main parts of the ear - outer, middle and inner ear. It details the structures within each part, including the pinna, ear canal, eardrum, ossicles and cochlea. The functions of hearing and balance are explained. Finally, common ear problems like infections, injuries and conditions affecting the ear structures are listed.
Human ear
Human ear, organ of hearing and equilibrium that detects and analyzes sound by transduction (or the conversion of sound waves into electrochemical impulses) and maintains the sense of balance (equilibrium).
Sensory organs ; ears and nose
The document discusses the anatomy and function of the ears and nose as sensory organs. It describes the outer, middle and inner ear in detail, including the pinna, ear canal, eardrum, ossicles, cochlea and auditory nerve. It explains how sound is transmitted through the ear. It also discusses the nasal passages, paranasal sinuses and role of the nose in smell and breathing.
Senses ppy
The document summarizes the structure and function of the human ear, eye, and associated sensory systems. It describes the three main parts of the ear - outer, middle, and inner ear. Sound waves are collected by the outer ear and transmitted through the middle ear via the auditory ossicles to the inner ear, where they are converted to nerve impulses. The inner ear also contains structures for balance. Similarly, it outlines the three layers of the eye - outer fibrous layer, middle vascular layer, and inner nervous layer. Light enters through the cornea and lens, stimulating photoreceptors in the retina which transmit signals to the brain via the optic nerve. Both sensory systems provide vital functions of hearing, balance,
ear anatomy.pptx
The ear can be divided into three main sections:
1. The outer ear collects sound waves and directs them to the eardrum.
2. The middle ear contains three small bones that amplify vibrations and transmit them to the inner ear. It also contains two muscles and two nerves.
3. The inner ear contains the cochlea for hearing and semicircular canals for balance. Within the cochlea is the organ of Corti which contains hair cells that transduce sound vibrations into nerve signals.
The Structure & Function of the Human Ear.pptx
The human ear is divided into three main sections - the outer, middle, and inner ear. The outer ear collects sound waves and directs them through the ear canal to the eardrum. The middle ear contains three small bones called the hammer, anvil, and stirrup that transmit vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear. The inner ear converts the vibrations into neural signals and sends them to the brain, allowing us to perceive sound. It also helps maintain balance through the semi-circular canals and vestibule.
Outear includes the pinna (also called auricle), the ear canal, and .pdf
Outear includes the pinna (also called auricle), the ear canal, and the very most superficial layer
of the ear drum (also called the tympanic membrane). this portion of the ear is not vital for
hearing. The pinna only helps to direct sound through the ear canal to the Middle ear (eardrum).
Middle:The middle ear behind the ear drum (tympanic membrane), includes the three ear bones
or ossicles: the malleus (or hammer), incus (or anvil), and stapes (or stirrup). The opening of the
Eustachian tube is also within the middle ear. The tympanic membrane uses sound energy strikes
the tympanic membrane and is concentrated to the smaller footplate. and articulating ear ossicles
lead to an increase in the force applied to the stapes footplate then to the malleus.
Inner ear: The inner ear includes both the organ of hearing (the cochlea) and a sense organ
labyrinth or vestibular apparatus.
Function: When sound strikes the ear drum, transferred to the footplate of the stapes, which
presses to cochlea. The fluid inside this duct flows against the receptor cells of the Organ of
Corti,which stimulate the spiral ganglion, and pass information through the auditory portion of
the brain that is eighth cranial nerve.
In brief \"The outer ear, collestc osund waves. It then goes to the middle ear, whcih transimits the
signal to the ear durm. After that it goes throguh the inner ear. On the other side of your ear
drum, is the hammer, the anvil, and the stirrup. These rae the three smallest bones in your body.
These bones transimit the signal to the cochlea. The cohclea has nerve hairs that tune differtn
sounds. These nerve hairs, send the different souns to the brain, where the sound is interpreted\"
Solution
Outear includes the pinna (also called auricle), the ear canal, and the very most superficial layer
of the ear drum (also called the tympanic membrane). this portion of the ear is not vital for
hearing. The pinna only helps to direct sound through the ear canal to the Middle ear (eardrum).
Middle:The middle ear behind the ear drum (tympanic membrane), includes the three ear bones
or ossicles: the malleus (or hammer), incus (or anvil), and stapes (or stirrup). The opening of the
Eustachian tube is also within the middle ear. The tympanic membrane uses sound energy strikes
the tympanic membrane and is concentrated to the smaller footplate. and articulating ear ossicles
lead to an increase in the force applied to the stapes footplate then to the malleus.
Inner ear: The inner ear includes both the organ of hearing (the cochlea) and a sense organ
labyrinth or vestibular apparatus.
Function: When sound strikes the ear drum, transferred to the footplate of the stapes, which
presses to cochlea. The fluid inside this duct flows against the receptor cells of the Organ of
Corti,which stimulate the spiral ganglion, and pass information through the auditory portion of
the brain that is eighth cranial nerve.
In brief \"The outer ear, collestc osund waves. It then goes to the m.
physiology of hearing and balance.pdf
The document discusses the physiology of hearing and balance. It describes how sound waves are converted into nerve impulses in the ear that are transmitted to the brain. The outer, middle, and inner ear structures are described along with how they work together to transmit sound vibrations. The basilar membrane vibrates based on sound frequency, stimulating hair cells which produce nerve impulses. For balance, the inner ear contains structures like the semicircular canals and maculae that detect head position and movements, signaling the brain.
The special senses - hearing
The document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the ear and hearing. It describes the three parts of the ear - external, middle, and inner ear. The external ear collects sound waves and directs them through the external auditory canal to the tympanic membrane. Vibrations are transmitted through the middle ear ossicles to the inner ear. In the inner ear, vibrations cause movement of fluids and structures that leads to stimulation of hair cells and generation of nerve impulses for hearing. Different frequencies cause distinct regions of the inner ear to vibrate, allowing for perception of pitch. The document also discusses properties of sound and the auditory pathway in the brain.
Power Point Presentation
The document summarizes how the human ear works to hear sounds and maintain balance. It describes how sound waves enter the ear canal and vibrate the eardrum, causing the tiny bones of the middle ear to vibrate which translates the vibrations into nerve signals sent to the brain. The inner ear's cochlea and vestibular apparatus also help with hearing and balance by sending signals to the brain. The document lists and diagrams 12 key parts of the outer, middle, and inner ear.
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BONES OF EAR
- 1. In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful. 1
- 2. BONES OF EAR
- 3. AUDITORY OSSICLES: • Auditory ossicles are a chain of small bones in the middle ear that transmit sound from the outer ear to the inner ear through mechanical vibration. NAMES of the bones that comprises the auditory ossicles are, 1. The Malleus (hammer) 2. The Incus (anvil) 3. The Stapes (stirrup)
- 4. THE MALLEUS Malleus is the largest ossicle that possesses, 1. Head 2. Neck 3. Handle 4. Process(anterior and posterior) HEAD: Rounded and articulates posteriorly with the incus. NECK: Constricted part below the head. HANDLE: Passes downward and backward and is attached to the medial surface of the tympanic membrane. ANTERIOR PROCESS: is a spicule(sharp pointed object) of bone that is connected to the anterior wall of the tympanic cavity by a ligament. LATERAL PROCESS: projects laterally and is attached to the anterior and posterior
- 5. THE INCUS The INCUS possesses 1. Large body 2. Two processes(short & long). BODY: is rounded and articulates anteriorly with the head of the malleus. LONG PROCESS: descends behind and parallel to the handle of the malleus. Its lower end bends medially and articulates with the head of the stapes. SHORT PROCESS: projects backward and is attached to the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity by a ligament.
- 6. THE STAPES The stapes possesses 1. Head 2. Neck 3. Two limbs 4. A Base HEAD: is small and articulates with the long process of the incus. NECK: is narrow and receives the insertion of the stapedius muscles. Two LIBMS: diverge from the neck and are attached to the oval base. BASE: The edge of the base is attached to the margins of the fenestra vestibuli by a ring of fibrous tissue the anular ligament.
- 8. HOW THE AUDITORY OSSICLES WORK THE Purpose of the auditory ossicles is to transmit sound via a chain reaction of vibrations that connects the eardrum to the inner ear and cochlea. Once the vibration reach the cochlea, a hollow, snail like chamber filled with fluid, they are translated into nerve impulses which translated into nerve impulses which the brain interprets as sound. Auditory chain reaction start when sound reach eardrum, the vibrational pressure is passed to the malleus, an articulated bone that flexes at one of the two incudomalleolar joints The vibration is then passed to the incus which flexes at another incudomalleolar joint before transferring the impulse to the stapes.
- 9. The role of auditory ossciles is complete when the vibrational input is passed to the cochlea through the oval window(opening between middle and inner ear) REGULATION OF SOUND: In addition to faciliting hearing, the auditory ossicles serve a protective function when exposed to continuous, loud noises. Muscles of the eardrum called (stapedius and tensor tympani muscles) will contract. The tightening reduces the eardrum’s ability to vibrate, thereby limiting the movement of auditory ossicles and the impact of the sound. DISORDER OF AUDITORY OSSICLES: 1. Otosclerosis. 2. Chloesteatoma. 3. Genetic disorder.