musculature of the head lecture from Dr. Fabie

1. THE MUSCULATURE OF
THE HEAD
By: Dr. Pamela Josefina T. Fabie

2. MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION
Related mainly to the orbital margins and
eyelids, the external nose and nostrils, the cheeks and
mouth, the pinna, scalp and cervical skin.
COMMON CHARACTERISTICS:
1) All are inserted into the skin of the face
2) All are supplied by the muscular branches of the
facial nerve
3) All produce facial expression

3. The craniofacial ,sucles receive theor innervatons from the
braches of the FACIAL NERVE.
They are grouped as:
1. Epicranial
2. Circumorbitaland Palpebral
3. Nasal
4. Buccolabial

5. 1. OCCIPITOFRONATALIS – covers the dome
of the skull

6. 1. Frontalis muscles
The muscle that covers the forehead. It has no bony attachment.
 ORIGIN: anterior part of
the galea aponeurotica
 INSERTION: skin on the
lower part of the forehead
 ACTION: produce
transverse wrinkles on the
forehead as in surprise. It
raises the eyebrows.

7. 2. Occipitalis muscles
A short and narrow muscle that arises from the occipital bone
 ORIGIN: lateral 2/3 of the
superior nuchal line
 INSERTION: posterior part
of the galea aponeurotica
 ACTION: draw the galea
aponeurotica backwards to
fix and tense it.

8. 2. TEMPOROPARIETALIS– variably
developed sheet of muscle that lies between the frontal parts
of the occipitofrontalis and anterior and superior auricular muscles
Temporoparietalis

10. 1. ORBICULARIS OCULI

11. A. PALPEBRAL PORTION
ORIGIN: medial palpebral
ligament and adjacent part of
the maxilla
INSERTION: outer surface of
the lateral palpebral margin
ACTION: close the eyelids as
in sleeping and winkling

12. B. ORBITAL PORTION
ORIGIN: medial palpebral ligament,
frontal bone and maxilla
INSERTION: medial palpebral
ligament (no lateral attachment)
ACTION: helps close the eyelids and draw lateral part of lids
medially. They are responsible for the “crow’s feet” usually
seen at the lateral angles of the eye

13. C. LACRIMAL PORTION
- aka HOMER’S MUSCLE or tensor tarsi
ORIGIN: posterior lacrimal
crest
INSERTION: tarsal plate
TENSOR TARSI
ACTION: compress lacrimal
sac, forcing the tears into
the nasal cavity through the
naso-lacrimal duct

14. 2. CORRUGATOR SUPERCILLI –
- deep muscle blending with the upper portion of the
orbicularis muscle
ORIGIN: fronto-nasal suture
and frontal bone, and medial
part of the supercilliary arch
INSERTION: skin on the medial
half of the eyebrow
ACTION: throw the skin of
forehead into folds as in
frowning

15. 3. LEVATOR PALPEBRAE
SUPERIORIS
ORIGIN: lesser wing of the
sphenoid bone just above the
optic foramen
INSERTION: skin of the upper
eyelid as well as the superior
tarsal plate
ACTION: elevates the upper
eyelid thereby opening the eyes

17. A. PROCERUS – small muscle overlying
the basal bone (frowning)
ORIGIN: nasal bone and lateral
nasal cartilage
INSERTION: skin at the root of
the nose
ACTION: compress the nostril
and depress the cartilage of
nose

18. B. NASALIS – aka COMPRESSOR NARES or
PARS TRANSVERSUS
ORIGIN: side of the bony
aperture of the nose and the
upper end of the canine
eminence of maxilla
INSERTION: the aponeurosis of
the cartilaginous part of the
nose
ACTION: compress the nostrils
a d depress the cartilage of the
nose

19. C. DILATOR NARES
ORIGIN: nasal notch of the
maxilla and the nasolabial
groove
INSERTION: inferior border of
the ala of the nose
ACTION: dilate the nostrils

20. D. DEPRESSOR SEPTI NASI
ORIGIN: medial fiber of the
dilator naris muscle
INSERTION: mobile part of the
nasal septum
ACTION: draw the septum
downwards and to narrow the
nostril

22. 1. ELEVATORS, RETRACTORS and EVERTORS OF THE
UPPER LIP
 Levator labii superioris alaque nasi
 Levator labii superioris
 Zygomaticus major and minor
 Levator anguli oris
 Risorius

23. A. LEVATOR LABII
SUPRIORIS ALAQUE NASI
ORIGIN: frontal nasal process
INSERTION: one slip goes to
ala of the nose while the other
goes to the orbicularis oris
ACTION: elevate the ala of the
nose and the upper lip

24. B. LEVATOR LABII
SUPRIORIS
ORIGIN: infraorbital
head, zygomatic head and
angular head
INSERTION: upper lip
ACTION: elevate lateral par of
upper lip. Contraction of
infraorbital head gives
expression of sadness.
Contraction of infraorbital head
gives expression of disdain or
doubt

25. C. ZYGOMATICUS MAJOR
- Smiling muscle or muscle of happiness
ORIGIN: zygomatic bone and
arch
INSERTION: angle of the
mouth
ACTION: elevate or draw angle
of the mouth up and back as in
laughing or smiling

26. D. ZYGOMATICUS MINOR
- gives the expression of pain or sorrow
ORIGIN: zygomatic
bone, medial to zygomatic
major
INSERTION: skin on the
nasolabial groove
ACTION: deepen the nasolabial
groove as in sorrow

27. E. LEVATOR ANGULI ORIS OR CANINUS
ORIGIN: maxilla below the
infraorbital foramen and the
canine fossa of maxilla
INSERTION: fibers are directed
downward, to be inserted to the
angle of the mouth
ACTION: elevate angle of the
mouth (also a muscle of
happiness)

28. F. RISORIUS
-lies horizontally across the
cheek. Gives the expression of irony or
plasticity
ORIGIN: superficial fascia over
the parotid
INSERTION: skin and mucosa
of the angle of the mouth
ACTION: draw the angle of the
mouth laterally, giving an
expression of strain and stress

29. 2. DEPRESSORS, RETRACTORS and EVERTORS OF
THE LOWER LIP
 Depressor labii inferioris
 Depressor anguli oris
 mentalis

30. A. DEPRESSOR LABII
INFERIORS
- a quadrilateral muscle; gives
the expression of frowning
ORIGIN: base of the
mandible, between mental
protuberance and mental
foramen
INSERTION: skin and mucosa
of the lower lip
ACTION: draw the lower lip
downward, as in ‘irony”

31. B. DEPRESSOR ANGULI
ORIS or TRIANGULARIS
- gives the expression of sadness
ORIGIN: oblique line of
mandible
INSERTION: angle of the
mouth
ACTION: depress the angle of
the mouth

32. C. MENTALIS MUSCLE
ORIGIN: mandible below the
lower incisor teeth and beneath
oral mucosa
INSERTION: skin of chin
ACTION: elevate chin. It also
causes trembling of the chin. It
wrinkles the skin of the chin as
in disdain or doubt.

33. 3. A COMPOUND SPHINCTER
 Orbicularis oris
 Accessory muscles to the orbicularis oris
incisivus superior and incisivus inferior

34. ORBICULARIS MUSCLE
- muscle that forms the
sphincter around the mouth
ORIGIN: buccinator muscle
INSERTION: upper lip- angle of
the mouth; lower lip - mandible
ACTION: close the mouth in
various ways such as
closing, pressing against
teeth, twisting and protruding

35. ORIGIN: outer surface of
alveolar process of maxilla and
mandible in the region of the
molar teeth and
pterygomandibular ligament
INSERTION: angle of the mouth
blending with the orbicularis
oris
ACTION: press the cheek
against the teeth while chewing.
Useful in
mastication, whistling, sucking

36. ORIGIN: skin and superficial
fascia of the pectoral and
deltoid regions
INSERTION: directed upward
and forward to be inserted into
the lower border of the
mandible
ACTION: retract and depress
the angle of the mouth;
Depress the mandible.

37. END