The document discusses several basin modeling software packages that can be used to analyze sedimentary basins and aid in hydrocarbon exploration. It describes the key capabilities of BasinMod, BMT, Genesis, and other tools for modeling the burial and thermal histories of basins, source rock maturation, and hydrocarbon migration and trapping over geologic time in order to better understand petroleum systems. The modeling software packages employ techniques like backstripping, thermal modeling, and fluid flow modeling to simulate basin evolution and hydrocarbon generation.

2. BASIN
MODELING
! the
burial
history
of
the
basin
(back-­‐stripping).
! the
thermal
history
of
the
basin
(thermal
history
modeling).
! the
maturity
history
of
the
source
rocks.
! the
expulsion,
migration
and
trapping
of
hydrocarbons.
By
doing
so,
valuable
inferences
can
be
made
about
such
matters
as
hydrocarbon
generation
and
timing,
maturity
of
potential
source
rocks
and
migration
paths
of
expelled
hydrocarbons.
Basin
modeling
is
the
term
broadly
applied
to
a
group
of
geological
disciplines
that
can
be
used
to
analyze
the
formation
and
evolution
of
sedimentary
basins,
often
but
not
exclusively
to
aid
evaluation
of
potential
hydrocarbon
reserves.
At
its
most
basic,
a
basin
modeling
exercise
must
assess:

3. BASIN
MODELING
SOFTWARE
• BasinMod
• BMT
(Basin
Modelling
Toolbox)
• Genesis
• Migri
• NovvaPermedia
(former
Mpath)
• PetroMod
• TemisFlow
• MOVE

4. BASINMOD
2014
Platte
River
Associates,
Inc.
http://www.platte.com/software/basinmod-­‐2012.html
Model
the
volume
of
hydrocarbon
generation
and
expulsion
through
time
for
multiple
wells.
Both
conventional
and
unconventional
resource
plays
can
be
modeled.
A
wide
range
of
other
values
are
modeled
including
maturity,
porosity,
permeability,
pressure
and
temperature,
all
of
which
can
be
used
to
further
analyze
the
petroleum
system.
Burial
History
Diagenesis
and
Pressure
Thermal
History
Source
Rock
Organic
Richness
Maturity
Erosion
Handling
of
LAS
Logs

5. BASINMOD
2D
Platte
River
Associates,
Inc.
BasinMod
2-­‐D
models
dynamic
geologic
conditions
within
a
petroleum
system,
by
examining
hydrocarbon
generation
from
source
rocks
through
secondary
migration
and
accumulation
in
traps.
http://www.platte.com/software/basinmod-­‐2-­‐d.html
Model
building:
Import
data
including
BasinMod
model
files,
digitized
or
scanned
cross
sections,
or
interpreted
horizons
(e.g.,
Charisma,
Landmark,
or
GeoQuest).
Easily
handle
complex
stratigraphy,
including
complicated
unconformities.
Vary
surface
temperature
and
heat
flow
through
time.
Model
lateral
and
vertical
facies
successions.
Graphically
display
and
edit
chronostratigraphic
section.
Calculations:
Calculation
engine
combines
backstripping
and
forward
modeling.
Calculate
values
for
all
cells
in
a
calculation
grid.
The
variation
of
pressure
and
fluids
in
adjacent
cells
drives
migration.
Uses
finite
difference
method
for
thermal
and
fluid
flow
calculations.
Fluid
flow
along
faults
may
be
or
automated
or
manually
controlled.
Calculate
effects
of
mobile
substrates
(e.g.,
salt,
shale)
through
time.

6. BMT
(Basin
Modeling
Toolbox)
Tectonor
AS
http://www.tectonor.com/expertise/basin-­‐modelling
BMT
is
a
2D
system
built
up
of
6
modeling
modules:
1.
Geohistory
module
where
the
basin
geometry
is
reconstructed
through
time,
by
removing
one-­‐by-­‐one
layer
and
decompacting
the
sediments
underneath,
and
by
restoring
the
faults.
2.
Isostasy
module
calculates
the
response
to
sediment
loading
or
unloading
(erosion)
and
fault
movements.
3.
Tectonic
module,
where
the
subsidence/uplift
of
extensional
is
calculated
4.
Temperature
module
calculates
the
temperature
history
of
the
basin,
which
is
dependent
on
the
thermal
conductivity
and
heat
capacity
of
rocks,
porosity,
and
heat
flow
during
lithospheric
thinning.
The
resulting
present
day
temperature
is
calibrated
to
temperature
measurements
from
well
data.
5.
Maturation
module
where
temperature
history
is
the
basis
for
the
calculation
of
the
thermal
maturation
of
organic
matter.
The
result
is
calibrated
to
well
data
of
vitrinite
reflectance
or
apatite
fission
tracks.
6.
Diagenesis
module
that
calculates
chemical
compaction
by
quartz
diagenesis.

7. GENESIS
ZetaWare
http://www.zetaware.com/products/trinity/index.html
Use
of
advanced
theories
and
still
easy
to
use
1-­‐D
modeling
tool.
•
models
the
full
lithosphere
in
the
transient
thermal
model
so
heat
flow
can
be
predicted
away
from
well
control
and
through
geological
time.
•
a
source
rock
facies
data
base
to
link
lithofacies
with
kinetic
models.
Genesis
will
provide
a
mixture
of
analog
kinetics
parameters
to
best
describe
your
source
rock.
•
modified/improved
Rift
heat
flow
modeling
to
account
for
radiogenic
heat
component
loss
during
rifting.
The
traditional
models
over-­‐predict
heat
flow
and
maturity
in
such
basins.
•
lithology
mixing
in
Genesis
is
unique.
The
different
lithologies
in
a
formation
are
handled
as
truly
inter-­‐bedded
layers,
while
other
1D
models
just
average
the
parameters
to
make
up
a
new
lithology
for
each
formation
•
genesis
handles
complex
geology
such
as
thrusting,
faulting,
salt
movement
in
the
PDE
solver
directly
so
all
the
effects
are
simulated.
Some
of
the
competitor
products
can
only
mimic
the
geometry
change
but
not
the
processes.
•
modifed/Improved
the
quartz
cementation
model
developed
by
Walderhaug
(1994)
and
made
it
available
by
the
click
of
a
button.

8. MIGRI
Migris
AS
http://www.migris.no/software/migri/
The
Migri
migration
simulator
simulates,
animates
and
visualizes
the
migration
of
hydrocarbons
through
interactive
3D
models.
The
basin
modeling
software
combines
probabilistic
Monte
Carlo
techniques
with
innovative
migration
modeling
process
description
to
reduce
geological
uncertainties
and
assess
the
petroleum
systems
and
charge
risks
in
the
exploration
acreage.
The
aim
is
to
perform
simulations
at
seismic
resolution
with
complex
geometries
while
retaining
interactivity
to
allow
for
high
turn-­‐around
of
analysis
results.
The
visualization
solution
is
tightly
coupled
with
the
simulator
in
an
interactive
system.
This
enables
exploration
geologists
to
run
many
alternative
scenarios
in
hours
rather
than
days.
Migri
uses
a
dynamic
mesh
(flow
path)
technique
to
transport
hydrocarbons
from
their
generation
location,
via
primary
migration,
secondary
migration
and
into
structural
and/or
stratigraphic
traps.
Tertiary
leakage
and
the
spill
from
traps
processes
are
also
simulated
through
time.
Migration
is
modeled
to
occur
in
regular
and/or
irregular
mesh
elements
and
may
be
influenced
by
sealing
faults
in
a
model
typically
close
to
the
seismic
scales
in
resolution.
Hydrocarbon
saturations
within
the
computing
nodes
are
considered
to
be
non-­‐
constant
and
hysteresis
leakage
effects
are
considered.
Layers
and
sub
layers
in
Migri,
color-­‐coded
for
Vshale
(0-­‐100%)
Modeled
migration
flow-­‐rates
along
a
carrier
bed

9. NOVVA
Sirius
Exploration
Geochemistry
Inc
http://siriusxgc.com/novva/
Version
1.0
of
Novva
software
for
geologic
investigation
and
integration,
was
released
on
23
June
2014.
Novva
models
burial
and
thermal
history,
as
well
as
maturity
and
hydrocarbon
generation,
in
ways
similar
to
other
1D
modeling
software.
However,
Novva
establishes
and
achieves
three
major
additional
objectives
that
make
it
the
tool
of
choice
for
1D
modeling,
and
for
enhancing
geologic
understanding
and
generating
new
exploration
ideas.
Novva’s
unique
interview
format
guides
the
user
through
the
model-­‐building
and
optimization
process.
Default
values
are
provided
for
most
required
data
(e.g.,
lithologies
and
their
properties,
compaction
methods,
correction
of
down
hole
temperatures,
kerogen
kinetics),
and
clear
explanations
(with
references)
are
given
for
all
aspects
of
the
model-­‐building
process.
This
comprehensiveness
and
flexibility
offer
a
wide
range
of
options
for
solving
most
modeling
problems.
Novva
relieves
many
tedious
and
difficult
burdens
for
modelers
by
performing
automatic
correction
of
down
hole
temperature
data,
and
automatic
optimization
of
porosity
and
present-­‐day
temperature.
Modeling
thus
becomes
much
faster
and
easier,
and
the
results
are
more
consistent.

10. PERMEDIA
Halliburton
-­‐
Landmark
Provides
a
complete
end-­‐to-­‐end
workflow
for
basin
modeling:
build
sophisticated
earth
models,
forward
model
pressures
and
temperatures,
add
source
generation
and
seal
characteristics,
and
migrate
fluids
using
the
most
advanced
simulator
in
the
industry.
An
easy
to
use
1D
(well
data)
basin
modeling
toolkit.
Start
from
actual
well
data
or
a
spreadsheet
and
build
1D
basin
models,
perform
well
and
source
rock
analysis,
and
create
pressure
from
wire
line
studies.
Collaborative
calibration,
custom
source
rocks,
enhanced
scripting
and
OpenWorks®
database
support,
even
faster
migration,
dusty
gas
diffusion
model.
Permedia
Viewers
software
and
basin
modeling
tools
of
Permedia
Petroleum
Systems
software,
Permedia
Suite
software
adds
reservoir
fluid
modeling,
integrating
reservoir
and
basin
workflows.
In
2011,
MPath
software
was
renamed
Permedia
software,
and
the
first
version
was
released
in
December.
Conducting
1D
basin
modeling
in
frontier
exploration
areas
and
shale
field
developments.
Model
sediment
maturities,
heat
flow,
compaction,
source
rock
potential
and
any
number
of
derived
properties
based
on
your
own
workflows.
http://www.permedia.ca

11. PETROMOD
1D/2D/3D
Schlumberger
http://www.software.slb.com/products/foundation/Pages/petromod.aspx
PetroMod
petroleum
systems
modeling
software
combines
seismic,
well,
and
geological
information
to
model
the
evolution
of
a
sedimentary
basin.
The
software
predicts
if,
and
how,
a
reservoir
has
been
charged
with
hydrocarbons,
including
the
source
and
timing
of
hydrocarbon
generation,
migration
routes,
quantities,
and
hydrocarbon
type
in
the
subsurface
or
at
surface
conditions.
Large-­‐scale
geologic
petroleum
systems
models
(1D,
2D,
or
3D)
cover
areas
ranging
from
a
single
charge
area
for
a
prospect
to
regional
studies
of
entire
basins
to
multibasin
resource
assessments.
The
models
are
dynamic,
which
means
they
provide
a
complete
record
of
the
structural
evolution,
temperature,
and
pressure
history,
as
well
as
the
effects
on
generation,
migration,
accumulation,
and
loss
of
oil
and
gas
in
a
petroleum
system
through
geologic
time.
Properties
such
as
gas/oil
ratios
(GOR)
and
API
gravities
can
be
analyzed,
understood,
and
predicted.
Petroleum
systems
modeling
(PSM)
is
a
vital
component
of
exploration
risk
assessment—from
basin
to
prospect.
It
can
be
applied
during
all
stages
of
exploration,
from
frontier
basins
with
no
well
control,
to
well-­‐explored
areas
and
charge
assessments
of
single
prospects
or
fields.
Even
in
producing
areas,
charge
risk
on
a
prospect
scale
is
an
essential
component
of
a
fully
integrated
risk
assessment.
The
3D
petroleum
systems
model
includes
all
the
key
elements
of
geological
risk
in
exploration
(trap,
reservoir,
charge,
seal,
and
timing
of
hydrocarbon
generation,
migration,
and
loss)
and
enables
rigorous
risk
analyses.

12. SEMI
Sintef
Modeling
migration
and
entrapment
of
oil
and
gas
from
source
rocks
to
traps
in
three
dimensions,
and
thereby
provide
quantitative
estimates
of
the
amounts
and
phases
of
hydrocarbons
in
(undrilled)
traps.
SEMI
(SEcondary
MIgration)
has
built
in
functions
for
simulating
the
generation
and
expulsion
of
oil
and
gas
from
source
rocks.
SEMI
also
models
the
processes
that
cause
hydrocarbons
to
migrate
out
of
traps.
SEMI
allow
user
to
utilize
all
the
available
data
and
concepts
in
the
building
of
the
geological
model
and
the
representation
of
the
hydrocarbon
system.
It
is
easy
to
import
results
from
most
other
basin
modeling
tools
and
thus
take
advantage
of
mapping
and
modeling
work
which
already
exists.
Geological
input
data
often
exist
as
a
combination
of
scattered
well
data,
coarse
grids
in
the
deep
parts
of
the
basin
and
high
resolution
seismic
coverage
in
the
prospective
areas.
SEMI
is
designed
to
utilize
all
available
data
to
its
full
extent,
by
allowing
for
running
multi-­‐resolution
simulations
and
providing
tools
for
bridging
the
gap
between
single-­‐point
information
and
regional
data.
SEMI
easily
incorporate
new
information
into
old
models,
as
it
becomes
available,
allowing
for
efficient
re-­‐usage
of
existing
basin
models.
http://www.sintef.no/home/SINTEF-­‐Petroleum-­‐Research/Software/SEMI/
The
illustration
shows
modeled
oil
flow
rates
and
hydrocarbon
accumulations
(dark
green=oil,
red=gas)
in
a
multi-­‐carrier
model
from
the
Norwegian
North
Sea.

13. TEMISFLOW
BeicipFranlab
http://www.beicip.com/petroleum-­‐system-­‐assessment
TemisFlow
is
the
next-­‐generation
solution
for
multi-­‐
dimensional
basin
modeling,
offering
all
the
functionalities
required
to
understand
and
model
oil
and
gas
generation,
migration
and
accumulation
processes.
Built
upon
30
years
of
R&D
for
numerical
modeling
of
petroleum
systems,
it
enjoys
a
unique
reputation
for
scientific
rigor
and
sound
physical
basis.
TemisFlow
unified
workflow
offers
the
following
key
stages:
•
Present
day
model
building
(1D,
M1D,
2D,
3D,
LGR)
•
Restoration
through
time
•
Simulations
(temperature,
maturity,
expulsion,
pressure,
migration)
•
Calibration
•
Post-­‐Processing
•
Step
by
step
workflow
TemisFlow
applicability
ranges
from
regional
resources
evaluation
and
play
assessment,
prospect
generation
and
ranking
to
pre-­‐drill
risk
assessment,
including
pore
pressure
prediction
and
drilling
optimization
in
overpressured
areas.
GEOLOGICAL
FRAMEWORK
AND
GEOGRID,
BACKSTRIPPING,
ADVANCED
RESTORATION
PROCESS,
SALT
RESTORATION,
MAP
EDITOR
,
LITHOLOGY
MANAGEMENT,
DIAGENESIS

14. MOVE
Midland
Valley
http://www.mve.com/software/move
Fully
integrated
2D
and
3D
model
building
and
analysis.
Move
is
the
core
application
of
the
Move
suite.
It
provides
a
powerful
stand-­‐alone
environment
for
data
integration,
cross-­‐section
construction
and
3D
model
building
and
forms
the
base
for
the
specialist
structural
modules
for
2D
and
3D
kinematic,
geomechanical,
fracture,
and
sediment
modeling
and
stress
analysis.
The
Move
application
provides
a
platform,
which
integrates
geo-­‐
referenced
2D
and
3D
views,
allowing
over
a
100
different
data
formats
to
be
combined.
The
integrated
views
can
be
used
to
construct
geologically
valid
cross-­‐sections
and
3D
models
using
manual
and
automated
tools.
The
2D/3D
space
provides
the
best
practice
environment
to
develop
models,
which
can
then
be
directly
tested
and
validated
using
the
kinematic
modules.
Use
the
orientation
plots,
cross
plots,
stereoplots,
rose
diagrams
and
object
property
tables
to
thoroughly
investigate
the
model
and
construction
process.
Move
is
used
to
look
for
maximum
value
from
data,
in
any
tectonic
regime.

15. REFERENCES
•
Duppenbecker
S.
J.
and
Eliffe
J.
E.,
Basin
Modelling:
Practice
and
Progress,
Geological
Society
Special
Publication,
(1998).
ISBN
1-­‐86239-­‐008-­‐8
•
Lerche
I.,
Basin
Analysis:
Quantitative
Methods
v.2,
Academic
Press
(1990).
ISBN
0-­‐12-­‐444173-­‐4
•
Hantschel,
T.
and
Kauerauf,
A.I.,
Fundamentals
of
Basin
and
Petroleum
Systems
Modeling,
Springer
(2009).
ISBN
978-­‐3-­‐540-­‐72317-­‐2

16. Author
Stig-­‐Arne
Kristoffersen
is
a
Corporate
exec
with
substantial
corporate
experience.
Stig-­‐Arne
provide
preemptive
support
in
German
or
English,
with
basic
skill
set
in
Russian.
Kristoffersen
focus
on
Knowledge
Based
Information
processes
and
systems
within
oil
and
gas
industry,
contract
drafting,
asset
negotiations
within
real
estate
and
energy
sectors.
Stig
Arne
has
a
broad
experience
in
all
aspects
of
Geo-­‐science.
Direct
experience
with
energy
business,
technical
consulting
and
venture
capital.
Stig
has
extensive
experience
in
play
development
and
prospect
generation
in
various
basins
globally.
Stig
Arne
has
performed
a
large
variation
of
risk
assessment
as
part
of
prospect
maturation
with
HI-­‐end
tools
from
various
vendors
like
Schlumberger,
Paladin,
SMT
etc.
Stig
Arne
has
participated
in
multiple
projects
with
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Exploration
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Production
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Utilizing
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always
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goal.
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