Axillary artery, brachial artery, radial & ulnar artery Cephalic vein, basilic vein & median cubital vein

1. Lecture By
Dr.N.Mugunthan.MBBS,MS,DNB,MNAMS,PhD,MBA(Hosp.Adm.)
Associate Professor,
MGMCRI.

2. *
1. Origin, termination, branches & clinical relevance of
axillary, brachial, ulnar & radial artery
2. Formation & branches of superficial and deep palmar
arch
3. Formation, course, termination & clinical relevance of
cephalic vein and basilic vein
4. Communications & clinical relevance of median cubital
vein © Dr.N.Mugunthan

3. *Axillary artery
*Origin: begins at the lateral
border of the 1st rib as the
continuation of the
subclavian artery
*Termination: at the
inferior border of the teres
major and becomes the
brachial artery
© Dr.N.Mugunthan

4. *
*Divided into 3 parts by the
pectoralis minor
*I part : located between
the lateral border of the 1st
rib and the medial border of
the pectoralis minor.
Branch:
1. Superior thoracic artery
© Dr.N.Mugunthan

5. *
*II part : lies posterior
to pectoralis minor
Branches:
1. Thoracoacromial artery
2. Lateral thoracic artery
© Dr.N.Mugunthan

6. *
*III part : extends from the
lateral border of pectoralis
minor to the inferior border of
teres major.
Branches:
1. Anterior circumflex
humeral artery
2. Posterior circumflex
humeral artery
3. Subscapular artery
© Dr.N.Mugunthan

7. *
*Anastomosis between
axillary artery and
subclavian artery takes
place around the scapula
© Dr.N.Mugunthan

8. *Brachial artery
Formation:
*Continuation of axillary
artery
Extent:
*Lower border of teres
major to neck of radius
Termination :
*Divides into radial &
ulnar artery
© Dr.N.Mugunthan

9. *Brachial artery cont….
Branches :
*Profunda brachi artery
*Muscular branches
*Nutrient artery
*Superior & inferior ulnar
collateral artery
*2 terminal branches – radial
& ulnar artery
© Dr.N.Mugunthan

10. *Applied anatomy of brachial artery
*Pulsation of brachial
artery can be felt or
auscultated in the cubital
fossa
*Compress the brachial
artery to control
hemorrhage is medial to
the humerus near the
middle of the arm
*Anastomosis around the
elbow joint
© Dr.N.Mugunthan

11. *Arteries of forearm
Radial artery (smaller)
Ulnar artery (larger)
Radial artery:
*Origin – one of terminal
branch of brachial artery
*Course : (superficial)
Cubital fossa
Convex course in
forearm-laterally
Anatomical snuff box
© Dr.N.Mugunthan

12. *
Relations:
Anteriorly : brachioradialis
(upper part)
Skin,super.fascia & deep
fascia (lower part)
Posteriorly:
supinator,pronator teres,flexor
digitorum superficialis,flexor
pollicis longus,pronator
quadratus & lower end of
radius
© Dr.N.Mugunthan

13. *
Medially: pronator teres
(upper)
Flexor carpi
radialis(lower)
Laterally: brachioradialis
& radial nerve (middle
1/3)
Artery accompanied by
a pair of venae comitantes
© Dr.N.Mugunthan

14. *Branches of Radial artery in the
forearm
Radial recurrent artery
Muscular branches
Palmar carpal branch
Superficial palmar branch
© Dr.N.Mugunthan

15. *
© Dr.N.Mugunthan

16. *Ulnar artery
Origin – one of terminal
branch of brachial artery
Course : (deep)
Cubital fossa
Oblique course
(upper),vertical (lower)course
in forearm -medially
Continues in the palm as
superficial palmar arch
© Dr.N.Mugunthan

17. *Relations of ulnar artery
Anteriorly: pronator teres,
flexor carpi radialis, palmaris
longus,flexor digitorum
superficialis& flexor carpi
ulnaris (upper part)
Skin,super.fascia & deep
fascia(lower part)
Posteriorly: brachialis & flexor
digitorum profundus
Medially: ulnar nerve & flexor
carpi ulnaris
Laterally : flexor digitorum
superficialis
Artery accompanied by a pair
of venae comitantes © Dr.N.Mugunthan

18. *Branches of ulnar artery in the forearm
Ant.& post. ulnar
recurrent arteries
Common interosseous
artery
1. Anterior interosseous
artery
2. Posterior interosseous
artery
Muscular branches
Palmar & dorsal carpal
branch © Dr.N.Mugunthan

19. *
Formation:
*Medial -direct continuation
of ulnar artery
*Lateral - by superficial
branch of radial artery or its
branches
*Course: Curves laterally
deep to palmar aponeurosis
and superficial to long
flexor tendons
© Dr.N.Mugunthan

20. *
*Branches:
*4 digital palmar arteries
*1st – medial side of little
finger
*2nd, 3rd, 4th –common
palmar digital arteries
© Dr.N.Mugunthan

21. *
Formation:
*Lateral-direct continuation
of radial artery
*Medial - by deep branch of
ulnar artery
*Course: Curves medially,
deep to long flexor tendons
& is in contact with bases of
metacarpals
© Dr.N.Mugunthan

22. *
*Branches:
*3 palmar metacarpal arteries
*3 proximal perforating
arteries
*3 distal perforating arteries
*Recurrent branch
© Dr.N.Mugunthan

23. **Formation: lateral aspect of the
dorsal venous arch
*Termination: axillary vein
*Course & relations:
*Ascends in the subcutaneous
tissue along the lateral border of
the wrist and the anterolateral
surface of the proximal forearm
and arm
* Courses superiorly between the
deltoid and pectoralis major
along the deltopectoral groove
*Pierces the clavipectoral fascia
and joins with axillary vein
© Dr.N.Mugunthan

24. *
*Communications:
*In the cubital fossa
communicates with the
median cubital vein,
which passes obliquely
and joins the basilic
vein.
© Dr.N.Mugunthan

25. **Formation: medial end of the
dorsal venous arch
*Termination: continues as
axillary vein @ lower border of
teres major
*Course & relations:
*Ascends in the subcutaneous
tissue along the medial side of the
forearm and the inferior part of
the arm
*Passes deeply near the junction of
the middle and inferior thirds of
the arm piercing the brachial
fascia and running superiorly
parallel to the brachial artery and
continues as axillary vein© Dr.N.Mugunthan

26. *
*Communicating vein
*Located in front of the
cubital fossa
*Connecting the cephalic
vein (lateral) with basilic
vein (medial)
*Runs upwards &
medially in the cubital
fossa in front of bicipital
aponeurosis
© Dr.N.Mugunthan

27. *
*Used for venipuncture
(collecting blood &
injecting drugs)
*Bicipital aponeurosis
separates it from brachial
artery
*This vein is fixed by
perforator vein joining
with deep vein passing
through bicipital
aponeurosis
© Dr.N.Mugunthan

28. *
Origin, termination, branches & clinical
relevance of -
Axillary, brachial, ulnar & radial artery
Formation, course and termination of cephalic
and basilic vein
Applied anatomy of median cubital vein
© Dr.N.Mugunthan

29. *