Radial Nerve is very important topic for first year MBBS Students and as well as for day today clinical practice. This slide gives you full course & relations with clear diagrams as well as applied anatomy with clinical Co-relation.
hey this is Vedika Agrawal and this presentation is TO EXPLAIN AND HELP YOU UNDERSTAND ANATOMY OF FOREARM.
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Radial Nerve is very important topic for first year MBBS Students and as well as for day today clinical practice. This slide gives you full course & relations with clear diagrams as well as applied anatomy with clinical Co-relation.
hey this is Vedika Agrawal and this presentation is TO EXPLAIN AND HELP YOU UNDERSTAND ANATOMY OF FOREARM.
The topic is usually mixed with hand making it difficult to understand and so i seperated it to make it easy for you.
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Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
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In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Operation âBlue Starâ is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
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Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasnât one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
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anatomyofforearm-170105182843.pdf
1. ANATOMY OF FOREARM
ESSEX LOPRESSETI INJURY
PLASTIC DEFORMATION OF
FOREARM
APPROACHES TO FOREARM
PRESENTER : DR. SANDEEP TRIPATHI
MODERATOR : PROF.SURENDHER KUMAR
7. Muscles acting on elbow
Anterior arm
Posterior arm
Muscles originating at elbow, acting on forearm, wrist
and hand
īĒ Flexor/pronator group (hand reference)
īĒ Extensor/supinator group (3 medial, 3 lateral, 3
âoutcroppingâ, 3 âaccessoryâ)
Muscular Anatomy
11. īĒ Origin: common flexor tendon at
medial epicondyle and medial
coronoid process
īĒ Insertion: lateral surface of radial
shaft
īĒ Innervation: median nerve
īĒ Action: forearm pronation
Pronator Teres
12. īĒ Origin: common flexor tendon
at medial epicondyle
īĒ Insertion: base of 2nd and 3rd
metacarpals
īĒ Innervation: median nerve
īĒ Action: flexes and abduction
/radial deviate the wrist
Flexor Carpi Radialis
13. īĒ Present in approximately 70% of
population
īĒ Origin: common flexor tendon at
medial epicondyle
īĒ Insertion: palmar aponeurosis
īĒ Action: flexes wrist and tenses
palmar aponeurosis
Palmaris Longus
14. īĒ Origin: common flexor tendon at
medial epicondyle and proximal
2/3 of posterior ulnar border
īĒ Insertion: pisiform, hamate and
5th metacarpal
īĒ Innervation: ulnar
īĒ Action: flexes and
adduction/ulnar deviate the wrist
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
15. īĒ Origin: common flexor tendon at
medial epicondyle, medial aspect of
coronoid process and oblique line of
radius
īĒ Insertion: sides of middle phalanges of
2nd â 5th digits
īĒ Innervation: median nerve
īĒ Action: flexes PIP joints, assists flexion
of MCP and wrist joints
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
16. īĒ Origin: anteriomedial proximal ulna
īĒ Insertion: bases of distal phalanges
(anteriorly) of 2nd-5th digits
īĒ Innervation: 1st and 2nd tendons by
anterior interosseous nerve (median
nerve), 3rd and 4th tendons by ulnar
nerve
īĒ Action: flexes DIP joints, assists in
flexion of PIP and MCP joints
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
17. Flexor Pollicus Longus
īĒ Origin: anterior radius
īĒ Insertion: palmar surface
of base of distal phalanx
of thumb
īĒ Innervation: palmar
interosseous nerve
īĒ Action: flexion of 1st
interphalangeal and
metacarpophalangeal
joints
25. Extensor Digitorum
īĒ Origin: common tendon
from lateral epicondyle
īĒ Insertion: bases of middle
and distal phalanges via
bands of 4 tendons
īĒ Innervation: radial nerve
īĒ Action: MCP/IP joint
extension
26. Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
īĒ Origin: common extensor
tendon at lateral
epicondyle
īĒ Insertion: ulnar side of
base of 5th metacarpal
īĒ Innervation: radial nerve
īĒ Action: extend and
adduct/ulnar deviate the
wrist
27. Extensor Digiti Minimi
īĒ Origin: common extensor
tendon at lateral
epicondyle
īĒ Insertion: base of the 5th
proximal phalanx
īĒ Innervation: posterior
interosseous (radial)
nerve
īĒ Action: extension of 5th
MP joint
36. Vascular Structures
īĒ Brachial artery
īĒ Descends along arm
along medial aspect of
brachialis muscle
īĒ Enters antecubital
fossa medial to biceps
brachii tendon and
lateral to median nerve
īĒ Terminates at radial
head as radial/ulnar
arteries
37. Vascular Structures
īĒ Radial artery
īĒ Originates at radial
head, emerges from
antecubital fossa
between
brachioradialis and
pronator teres muscles
īĒ Continues laterally
along forearm deep to
brachioradialis muscle
40. īĒ Terminal branches of brachial plexus
īĒ Axillary
īĒ Musculocutaneous
īĒ Median
īĒ Radial
īĒ Ulnar
īĒ Anterior interosseous nerve
īĒ Dermatomes and myotomes
Neurological Structures
41. Musculocutaneous/Axillary Nerves
īĒ Musculocutaneous
nerve
īĒ Innervates biceps brachii,
coracobrachialis and brachialis
muscles
īĒ Sensory distribution is anterior
arm and lateral forearm
īĒ Axillary nerve
īĒ Innervates deltoid and teres
minor muscles
īĒ Sensory distribution is lateral
arm
42. Median Nerve
īĒ Median nerve
īĒ Enters antecubital
fossa medial to biceps
brachii tendon and
brachial artery
īĒ Courses down medial
forearm to hand/wrist
distribution
īĒ Sensory distribution is
pad of index finger
43. Radial Nerve
īĒ Radial nerve
īĒ Enteres antecubital fossa
posterior to brachialis
muscle
īĒ Divides into superficial and
deep (posterior
interosseous) branches
īĒ Courses down lateral
forearm to hand/wrist
distribution
īĒ Sensory distribution is 1st
dorsal webspace
44. Ulnar Nerve
īĒ Ulnar nerve
īĒ Courses in cubital tunnel
posterior to medial
epicondyle
īĒ Superficial and susceptible
to compression or
entrapment
īĒ Courses down medial
forearm to hand/wrist
distribution
īĒ Sensory distribution is pad
of little finger
45. Anterior Interosseous Nerve
īĒ Anterior interosseous
nerve (branch of median
nerve)
īĒ Passes between 2 heads
of pronator teres muscle,
may be impinged upon
īĒ Anterior interosseous
nerve syndrome
characterized by
abnormal pinch deformity
(inability to extend DIP of
thumb and index finger)
46. Dermatomes
īĒ C5 â lateral arm
īĒ C6 â lateral forearm,
thumb and index finger
īĒ C7 â posterior forearm
and middle finger
īĒ C8 â medial forearm, ring
and little fingers
īĒ T1 â medial arm
48. Olecranon Bursa
īĒ Most frequently injured
bursa in the elbow
īĒ Lays between skin and
olecranon process
īĒ Allows
unrestricted/fluid
movement of skin over
olecranon process
50. īĒis a complex injury that includes
īĒ fracture of the radial head
īĒ rupture of the interosseusmembrane of the forearm
īĒ
īĒ impaired integrity of the distal radioulnar joint
51. īĒ Essex âLopresti lesion leads to instability of the
forearm
īĒ central migration of the radius.
īĒ restriction of the radiocarpal motion
īĒ reduction of the grip strength and wrist pain.
57. VOLAR APPROACH TO RADIUS(HENRY)
INDICATIONS
īĒ RADIAL OSTEOTOMY
īĒ TUMOR / ABSCESS BIOPSY AND EXCISION
īĒ ORIF OF RADIUS FIXATION
īĒ ANTERIOR EXPOSURE OF BICIPITAL TUBEROSITY
58. īĒ POSITION
īĒ PLACE SUPINE ON TABLE AND SUPINATE
īĒ ARM AND PLACE ON ARMBOARD
īĒ EXSANGUINATE ARM
īĒ INCISION
īĒ LONGITUDINAL INCISION
īĒ BEGIN JUST LATERAL TO BICEPS
TENDON ON FLEXOR CREASE OF
ELBOW
īĒ END AT RADIAL STYLOID PROCESS
60. īĒSUPERFICIAL DISSECTION
īĒ INCISE THE DEEP FASCIA IN LINE WITH SKIN
INCISION
īĒ DEVELOP A PLANE BETWEEN BR AND
FCR DISTALLY
īĒ MOVE PROXIMAL TO DEVELOP PLANE
BETWEEN PT AND BR
īĒ IDENTIFY THE SUPERFICIAL RADIAL
NERVE BENEATH BR
īĒ LIGATE THE BRANCHES OF THE RADIAL
ARTERY TO AID LATERAL RETRACTION OF BR
61. īĒ DEEP DISSECTION -
PROXIMAL THIRD
īĒ FOLLOW THE BICEPS TENDON TO ITS
INSERTION ON THE BICIPITAL
TUBEROSITY
īĒ RADIAL TO THE INSERTION OF BICEPS
TENDON INCISE THE BURSA TO GAIN
ACCESS TO THE PROXIMAL PART OF
RADIUS
īĒ FULLY SUPINATE THE FOREARM TO
DISPLACE THE PIN RADIALLY AND BRING
THE ORIGIN OF THE SUPINATOR MUSCLE
INTO THE ANTERIOR ASPECT OF THE
RADIUS
īĒ INCISE THE SUPINATOR MUSCLE ALONG
THE LINE IF ITS BROAD INSERTION AND
CONTINUE SUBPERIOSTEAL DISSECTION
LATERALLY
62. īĒ DEEP DISSECTION -
MIDDLE THIRD
īĒ PRONATE THE FOREARM TO BRING THE
INSERTION OF THE PRONATOR TERES, ALONG
THE RADIAL ASPECT OF THE RADIUS, INTO
VIEW
īĒ DETACH THE PRONATOR INSERTION FROM
BONE AND RETRACT MEDIALLY
īĒ DEEP DISSECTION -
DISTAL THIRD
īĒ PARTIALLY SUPINATE THE FOREARM
īĒ DISSECT THE PERIOSTEUM OFF THE LATERAL
ASPECT OF THE DISTAL THIRD OF THE
RADIUS, LATERAL TO THE PRONATOR
QUADRATUS AND FLEXOR POLLICIS LONGUS
63. DANGERS
īĒ POSTERIOR INTEROSSEOUS NERVE
īĒ THE POSTERIOR INTEROSSEOUS NERVE ENTERS THE SUPINATOR MUSCLE
īĒ SUPERFICIAL RADIAL NERVE
īĒ VULNERABLE WITH MANIPULATION OF MOBILE WAD OF THREE
īĒ DAMAGE TO IT CAN CAUSE A PAINFUL NEUROMA
īĒ RUNS DOWN FOREARM UNDER BODY OF BRACHIORADIALIS
īĒ RADIAL ARTERY
īĒ RUNS DOWN MIDDLE OF FOREARM UNDER BRACHIORADIALIS
64. DORSAL APPROACH TO
RADIUS(THOMPSON)
īĒ ACCESS
īĒ PROVIDES EXPOSURE TO PROXIMAL
1/3 OF RADIUS
īĒ INDICATIONS
īĒ ORIF OF RADIAL FRACTURES
īĒ TREATMENT OF NONUNION
īĒ ACCESS TO THE PIN AS IT PASSES
THROUGH THE ARCADE OF FROHSE
FOR
īĒ NERVE PARALYSIS
īĒ RESISTANT TENNIS ELBOW
īĒ RADIAL OSTEOTOMY
īĒ OSTEOMYELITIS AND BONE TUMORS
66. POSITION
PLACE PATIENT SUPINE
IF ARM IS ON ARM BOARD, THEN PRONATE THE FOREARM
IF ARM IS ACROSS CHEST, THE SUPINATE THE FOREARM
INCISION
STRAIGHT OR GENTLY CURVED INCISION FROM
POINT( 1.5) ANTERIOR TO THE LATERAL EPICONDYLE OF THE
HUMERUS
TO POINT JUST DISTAL TO LISTER'S TUBERCLE( mid point of the wrist)
67. īĒSUPERFICIAL
DISSECTION
īĒ PROXIMALLY DEVELOP INTERVAL
BETWEEN ECRB AND THE EDC
īĒ PROXIMALLY EXPOSE PROXIMAL
THIRD OF THE RADIUS AND
OVERLYING SUPINATOR
īĒ DISTALLY DEVELOP PLANE BETWEEN
THE ECRB AND EPL AND EXPOSES
LATERAL ASPECT OF DISTAL THIRD OF
THE RADIUS
68. īĒ DEEP DISSECTION -
PROXIMAL THIRD
īĒ PRONATE ARM TO EXPOSE
ANTERIOR ASPECT OF RADIUS
AND MOVE PIN AWAY FROM
ORIGIN OF SUPINATOR
īĒ DETACH SUPINATOR MUSCLE AT
INSERTION ON ANTERIOR ASPECT
OF RADIUS
īĒ SUBPERIOSTEALLY STRIP
SUPINATOR TO EXPOSE
PROXIMAL THIRD OF RADIUS
69. īĒ DEEP DISSECTION - MIDDLE THIRD
īĒ MAKE INCISION ALONG SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR BORDERS OF APL AND
EPB AND RETRACT THEM OFF BONE TO EXPOSEMIDDLE THIRD OF RADIUS
īĒ DANGERS
īĒ POSTERIOR INTEROSSEOUS NERVE
īĒ INJURY USUALLY FROM RETRACTION
īĒ IN 25% OF PATIENTS THE NERVE ACTUALLY TOUCHES THE DORSAL
ASPECT OF THE RADIUS
īĒ PLATES PLACED HIGH ON THE DORSAL SURFACE MAY TRAP THE NERVE
īĒ PIN MUST BE IDENTIFIED WITHIN THE SUPINATOR MUSCLE
70. APPROACH TO ULNA
īĒ INIDICATIONS
īĒ ORIF OF ULNAR SHAFT FXS
īĒ ULNAR OSTEOTOMY
īĒ ULNAR LENGTHENING (KIENBOCK'S
DISEASE)
īĒ ULNAR SHORTENING (FOR RADIAL
MALUNION)
īĒ OSTEOMYELITIS AND TUMORS OF ULNA
īĒ INTERNERVOUS PLANE
īĒ BETWEEN ECU AND FCU
īĒ POSITION
īĒ PLACE SUPINE ON TABLE
īĒ PLACE ARM ACROSS CHEST TO EXPOSE
SUBCUTANEOUS BORDER OF ULNA
71. īĒ APPROACH
īĒ LINEAR LONGITUDINAL INCISION OVER
SUBCUTANEOUS BORDER OF ULNA
īĒ SUPERFICIAL DISSECTION
īĒ INCISE DEEP FASCIA IN DISTAL INCISION IN LINE
WITH SKIN INCISION
īĒ DIVIDE PLANE BETWEEN ECU AND FCU
īĒ DISSECT DOWN TO SUBCUTANEOUS BORDER
OF ULNA
īĒ DEEP DISSECTION
īĒ INCISE PERIOSTEUM OVER ULNA
īĒ PERFORM SUBPERIOSTEAL DISSECTION
72. īĒ DANGERS
īĒ ULNAR NERVE
īĒ PROXIMALLY PASSES
THROUGH HEADS OF FCU
īĒ TRAVELS DOWN FOREARM UNDER
FCU AND ON TOP OF FDP
īĒ ULNAR ARTERY
īĒ TRAVELS DOWN FOREARM WITH
ULNAR NERVE (RADIAL SIDE)
īĒ PROTECT BY DISSECTING FCU
SUBPERIOSTALLY
73. POSTERIOR APPROACH TO PROXIMAL 3RD
ULNA AND RADIAL HEAD(BOYDS)
īĒ INDICATION
īĒ PROXIMAL THIRD ULNA FRACTURE WITH RADIAL HEAD
DISLOCATION(MONTEGGIA)
īĒ ISOLATED RADIAL HEAD AND NECK FRACTURE
īĒ INCISION
INCISION GIVEN ABOUT 2.5 CM ABOVE ELBOW JOINT JUST LATERAL TO
TRICEPS TENDON
EXTEND OVER OLECRONON TO PROXIMAL AND MIDDLE 3RD OF ULNA
POSTERIORALY
74. īĒDISSECTION
īĒ DEVELOP THE INTERVAL
BETWEEN THE ULNA ON
MEDIAL SIDE , ANCONEUS AND
ECU LATERALLY
īĒ STRIP THE ANCONEUS
SUBPERIOSTEALLY TO EXPOSE
THE RADIAL HEAD
īĒ DISTAL TO RADIAL HEAD,
REFLECT THE SUPINATOR
SUBPERIOSTEALLY FROM ULNA
75. FCR APPROACH TO DISTAL RADIUS
īĒ INDICATIONS
īĒ ORIF OF FRACTURE AND DISLOCATIONS OF
DISTAL RADIUS AND CARPUS
īĒ POSITION
īĒ PLACE SUPINE ON TABLE
īĒ SUPINATE ARM AND PLACE ON ARMBOARD
īĒ APPLIED TOURNIQUET
īĒ INCISION
īĒ MAKE INCISION ALONG PALPABLE FLEXOR
CARPI RADIALIS (FCR) TENDON SHEATH
76. SUPERFICIAL DISSECTION
īĒ INCISE SKIN FLAPS AND SUBCUTANEOUS
FAT
īĒ SECTION FIBERS OF VOLAR FCR TENDON
SHEATH IN LINE WITH TENDON
īĒ RETRACT FCR TENDON ULNARLY AND
INCISE THROUGH THE DORSAL ASPECT
OF THE FCR SHEATH
īĒ CAN RETRACT FCR RADIALLY IF CARPAL
TUNNEL ACCESS IS NECESSARY
77. īĒ DEEP DISSECTION AND ACCESS TO VOLAR WRIST
JOINT
īĒ UNDERNEATH THE FCR SHEATH IS THE FLEXOR POLLICIS LONGUS (FPL) - THIS
MUST BE RETRACTED ULNARLY
īĒ AFTER THE FPL RETRACTED, THE PRONATOR QUADRATUS (PQ) IS SEEN
īĒ INCISE THE RADIAL AND DISTAL BORDERS OF THE PQ, ELEVATING THE
MUSCLE OFF THE VOLAR RADIUS
78. īĒ PROXIMAL EXTENSION
īĒ DISSECTION
īĒ EXTEND INCISION UP MIDDLE OF ARM
īĒ INCISE DEEP FASCIA BETWEEN PL AND
FCR
īĒ RETRACT PL AND FCR TO EXPOSE FDS
īĒ INDICATIONS
īĒ TO FURTHER EXPOSE MEDIAN NERVE
OR RADIUS
īĒ MEDIAN NERVE IS IMMEDIATELY UNDER
THE DEEP SURFACE OF FDS
79. īĒ DISTAL EXTENSION
INDICATIONS
īĒ TO FURTHER EXPOSE THE SCAPHOID
īĒ DISSECTION
īĒ EXTEND INCISION OBLIQUELY IN A RADIAL DIRECTION ACROSS
THE FLEXOR CREASE
īĒ CONTINUE THIS IN LINE WITH THE THUMB RAY
īĒ ELEVATE THE THENAR MUSCULATURE OFF THE VOLAR WRIST
CAPSULE
īĒ OPEN CAPSULE IF NECESSARY