Block diagram reduction - Basics
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Block diagram reduction is a technique to simplify complex systems represented by block diagrams into simpler systems. A block diagram uses blocks and lines to represent the relationships between systems and subsystems. Block diagram reduction uses standard rules to convert the transfer functions of multiple subsystems into a single transfer function representing the entire system. The key points are that the product of transfer functions in the forward direction and around any feedback loops must remain the same after applying the reduction rules.
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Block diagram reduction techniques
1. Block diagrams can be used to model both simple and complex systems, and consist of multiple blocks connected to represent the system's functioning.
2. It is often necessary to reduce block diagrams by combining or rearranging blocks for easier analysis and calculation of the transfer function.
3. Common block diagram reduction techniques include combining blocks in cascade or parallel, moving summing or pickoff points, eliminating feedback loops, and swapping summing points.
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This document discusses block diagram reduction techniques. It provides steps to simplify a block diagram and determine the closed loop transfer function. The steps include applying rules such as combining blocks in series and parallel, moving summing points, interchanging summing points, eliminating feedback loops by considering the forward or feedback loop transfer function to be unity. An example problem is worked through to demonstrate these rules and techniques for simplifying block diagrams.
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Here are the steps to solve for the transfer function G(s) = X2(s)/F(s) for the given system:
1. Draw the free body diagrams for both masses M1 and M2 showing all the forces acting on each mass.
2. Write the Newton's second law equation for M1:
(M1s2 + f1vs + k1)X1(s) - k2(X1(s) - X2(s)) = 0
3. Write the Newton's second law equation for M2:
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The document describes 8 rules for reducing block diagrams:
1) Gains of blocks in cascade are multiplied. Gains of blocks in parallel are added.
2) Feedback loops can be eliminated by expressing the output in terms of the input and the loop gain.
3) Summing points can be rearranged or split using associative laws. Summing points can also be shifted before or after blocks.
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Effect of stability indices on robustness and system response in coefficient ...
IRJET- Harmonic Elimination in Three Phase Distribution System using Shunt Ac...
IRJET- Harmonic Elimination in Three Phase Distribution System using Shunt Ac...
A novel p q control algorithm for combined active front end converter and shu...
A novel p q control algorithm for combined active front end converter and shu...
Small Signal Modelling and Controller Design of Boost Converter using MATLAB
Small Signal Modelling and Controller Design of Boost Converter using MATLAB
More from Ameya Nijasure
Errors in measurement systems
Short note Format - for easy understanding
YouTube link : https://youtu.be/YlWHhihsN_0
Channle link : https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCgtlEPfuRGHbHLo46cxm7dQ
Static characteristics - Mechanical Measurements
static characteristics of an instruments - basics of measurements
definition & explanation
important for selection of instrument & designing a new instruments
YouTube channel : https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCgtlEPfuRGHbHLo46cxm7dQ
Mod 02 - material handling basics
The document discusses material handling and material handling equipment. It defines material handling as the movement, protection, storage and control of materials throughout manufacturing, distribution, consumption and disposal. The objectives of material handling are to be safe, efficient, accurate, low cost and avoid damage. Material handling equipment includes transport equipment, position equipment, unit load formation equipment, storage equipment, identification and control equipment. Specific types of transport equipment discussed are industrial trucks, automated guided vehicles and automatic storage and retrieval systems.
Mod 02 - assembly line automation
The document discusses automated assembly systems. It defines automated assembly systems as mechanized and automated devices that perform various assembly tasks. Automated assembly systems should be implemented when there is high product demand, stable product design, a limited number of components, and the product is designed for automation. The document describes different types of automated assembly systems like inline, dial, and carousel types. It also discusses subsystems of automated assembly like workstations, part feeding devices, and work handling systems. Finally, it explains various parts delivery methods and devices used at workstations like hoppers, conveyors, feeders, selectors, feed tracks, escapement, and vibratory bowl feeders.
Introduction to automation - Module 01
The document introduces automation, defining it as a set of technologies that allows machines and systems to operate without significant human intervention. It discusses key areas of industrial automation like controls, communication, and real-time computing. Reasons for automating include increasing productivity, reducing costs, improving quality and safety. The basic elements of an automation system are described as the program of instructions, control systems, process, and power. Advanced functions like safety monitoring, maintenance diagnostics, and error detection and recovery are also introduced.
Dc motors
DC motors are used for applications requiring variable speed control and are inexpensive and easy to operate. A DC motor consists of a stator with magnets that produces a stationary magnetic field, a rotor or armature made of windings that rotates when power is applied, a commutator that changes the current direction in the windings, and brushes that conduct current from the commutator to an external circuit. When current passes through the rotor windings in the magnetic field, it produces a torque due to the Lorentz force, causing the rotor to rotate. DC motors are classified as permanent magnet, series wound, shunt wound, compound wound, and brushless types depending on how the field windings are connected.
Introduction to mechatronics
Mechatronics is defined as the synergistic integration of mechanical engineering with electronics and control engineering. It involves the integration of sensors, actuators, processing and control systems to improve functionality. The document outlines the disciplinary foundations of mechatronics as multi-disciplinary, cross-disciplinary and inter-disciplinary. It also describes the mechatronics design process and provides examples of mechatronics applications in various domains like manufacturing, automotive, consumer products and more. The objective is to achieve high precision, efficiency and easy control of systems through integration of mechanical and electronic components.
Assembly modeling ppt
Assembly modeling involves combining two or more components using parametric relationships. A designer typically starts with a base part and adds other components to it using merge commands. An assembly can be modeled using a bottom-up or top-down approach. Bottom-up involves using existing part drawings, while top-down is ideal for large assemblies with multiple teams. Components can be mated using basic mates like coincidence or advanced mates like cam and hinge joints. Degrees of freedom allow movement along X, Y, and Z axes or rotation, while mating conditions define relationships between parts.
Stress analysis of chassis ppt
The document discusses the chassis design process which includes modeling, testing, and manufacturing. It provides details on:
1) The key functions of a vehicle chassis which are to provide mounting points for components, rigidity for handling, and occupant protection.
2) Common CAD and CAE software used for modeling and testing including CATIA, CREO, SOLIDWORKS, ANSYS, and LS-Dyna.
3) The CAE analysis process of pre-processing, solution, and post-processing to simulate and optimize chassis design virtually before manufacturing.
4) Manufacturing considerations for the chassis including details, fillets, holes, and the material selection of structural steel ST37.
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The Python for beginners. This is an advance computer language.
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This Presentation will give you a brief idea about what Computational Engineering at IIT Hyderabad has to offer.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Iron and Steel Technology Roadmap - Towards more sustainable steelmaking.pdf
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ISPM 15 Heat Treated Wood Stamps and why your shipping must have one
For International shipping and maritime laws all wood must contain the ISPM 15 Stamp. Here is how and why.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Recycled Concrete Aggregate in Construction Part III
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming Pipelines
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
官方认证美国密歇根州立大学毕业证学位证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国密歇根州立大学毕业证学位证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Eric Nizeyimana's document 2006 from gicumbi to ttc nyamata handball play
this notes have been created
by Eric36 at nyamata ttc
after readings
pe book for y2sme .
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoring
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODEL
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Recycled Concrete Aggregate in Construction Part II
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
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Recycled Concrete Aggregate in Construction Part III
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A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...
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A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
Manufacturing Process of molasses based distillery ppt.pptx
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Eric Nizeyimana's document 2006 from gicumbi to ttc nyamata handball play
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Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoring
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DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODEL
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Recycled Concrete Aggregate in Construction Part II
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Block diagram reduction - Basics
- 1. Block Diagram Reduction - Ameya P. Nijasure napradeep@mes.ac.in
- 2. Block Diagrams ● Representation of system function by blocks connected by lines. ● Represents relationship between systems & subsystems. ● Applications include engineering in hardware design, electronic design, software design, and process flow diagrams. Consider an example ● There is an input & output. ● Direction of function can be either forward(i/p to o/p) or feedback(o/p to i/p). ● G & H are representation of Transfer functions(t.f.) of each sub system. ● Lines represents relationships between subsystems.
- 4. Block diagram Reduction R(s) Y(s)Converting these complex systems into Simple systems ● One t.f representing components of all subsystems. ● Using standard rules Points to remember ● The product of the transfer function in the feed forward direction must remain same. ● The product of transfer functions around the loop must remain same.
- 5. BLOCK DIAGRAM REDUCTION RULES NOTE : BLOCKS IN PARALLEL MUST HAVE SAME DIRECTION.
- 6. BLOCK DIAGRAM REDUCTION RULES
- 7. BLOCK DIAGRAM REDUCTION RULES
- 8. BLOCK DIAGRAM REDUCTION RULES NOTE : ● TO ELIMINATE FEEDBACK LOOP WE NEED ONE FORWARD PATH TF , ONE FEEDBACK TF, ONE SUMMING POINT & ONE TAKEOFF POINT. ● G1 & H1 CAN BE UNITY FUNCTIONS..
- 9. Thank you….!! - Ameya P. Nijasure napradeep@mes.ac.in