This document discusses block diagram representation. It begins by defining a block diagram as a pictorial representation of the cause-and-effect relationship of a system. Block diagrams show the components, direction of information flow with arrows, and can describe the function of each block. Block diagrams are useful for analyzing and designing control systems, but do not provide unique representations or show the physical construction or energy sources of a system. The document also discusses techniques for reducing block diagrams, such as combining or moving blocks.

1. BLOCK DIAGRAM
REPRESENTATION
MADE BY - NIRALI MONANI
BRANCH - ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

2. INTRODUCTION
• A Block Diagram is a shorthand pictorial
representation of the cause-and-effect
relationship of a system.
• The interior of the rectangle representing the
block usually contains a description of or the
name of the element, gain, or the symbol for the
mathematical operation to be performed on the
input to yield the output.
• The arrows represent the direction of information
or signal flow.
dt
d
x y

3. COMPONENTS OF BLOCK DIAGRAM

4. ADVANTAGES OF BLOCK DIAGRAM
• THE FUNCTIONAL OPERATION OF THE SYSTEM
CAN BE OBSERVED FROM BLOCK DIAGRAM
• BLOCK DIAGRAM GIVES THE INFORMATION
ABOUT PERFORMANCE OF SYSTEM
• BLOCK DIAGRAM IS USED FOR ANALYSIS &
DESIGN OF CONTROL SYSTEM
• IT IS VERY SIMPLE TO CONSTRUST THE BLOCK
DIAGRAM FOR BIG & COMPLICATED SYSTEM

5. DISADVANTAGES OF BLOCK DIAGRAM
• BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR GIVEN SYSTEM ARE NON
UNIQUE
• SOURCE OF ENERGY IN THE SYSTEM IS NOT
SHOWN IN THE DIAGRAM
• IN THE PROCEDURE OF REDUCTION OF BLOCK
DIAGRAM ALGEBRA SOME IMPORTANT
FUNCTIONSMAY BE OMITTED . THERE IS NO
CHECK FOR IT
• IT DOESN’T GIVE ANY INFORMATION ABOUT
PHYSICAL CONSTRUCTION OF THE SYSTEM

6. Canonical Form of A Feedback Control System

7. Characteristic Equation
• The control ratio is the closed loop transfer function of the system.
• The denominator of closed loop transfer function determines the
characteristic equation of the system.
• Which is usually determined as:
)()(
)(
)(
)(
sHsG
sG
sR
sC


1
01  )()( sHsG

8. RULES OF BLOCK DIAGRAM
REDUCTION

9. Reduction techniques procedure
:1. Combining blocks in cascade or in parallel
1G 2G 21GG
1G
2G
21 GG 
14

10. 2. Moving a summing point behind a block:
G G
G
:3. Moving a summing point ahead of a block
G G
G
1
15

11. 4. Moving a pickoff point behind a block:
G G
G
1
5. Moving a pickoff point ahead of a block:
G G
G
16

12. 6. Eliminating a feedback loop:
G
H
G
1H
G
G
1
GH
G
1
17

14. THANK YOU !!!