Bleeding Kansas
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Lecture/Presentation on the underground railroad, the Compromise of 1850, and the violence and bloodshed which erupted in the Kansas territory.
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Bleeding Kansas
- 1. Reflect: Explain why the Mexican-American War was significant. What were two (2) outcomes of the Mexican-American War? “Bleeding Kansas” Artistic depiction of the Battle of Monterey (above) and a map of the territory acquired from the Mexican-American War (right)
- 2. 1 The Underground Railroad Harriet Tubman, circa 1895 Map showing the major corridors of escape on the Underground Railroad Underground Railroad was a network of informal homes (“stations”) on which slaves (“passengers”) were moved North by abolitionists (“conductors”) Harriet Tubman (“Moses”) made 19 trips into the South and rescued ~300 slaves
- 3. 2:50What You Never Knew About Harriet Tubman
- 4. 3:30Fact vs. Fiction: The Underground Railroad
- 5. 4 The Compromise of 1850BEFOREAFTER Henry Clay put forth a compromise bill, but the Senate rejected it Stephen Douglas (IL) submitted each 1-by-1: North: 1. CA entered Union as free state 2. NM & UT were open to slavery South: 1. TX paid $10 million to end debt 2. Abolishment drive halted in DC 3. New Fugitive Slave Law (1850) A. Slaves couldn’t testify on own behalf and no jury trial B. If slave was freed slave catcher got $5; if slave was sent to owner he got $10
- 6. 1:55Sound Smart: Compromise of 1850
- 7. 2:13Sound Smart: Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
- 8. 7 Election of 1852 and New Slave Territory? Winfield ScottFranklin Pierce Electoral College map of the 1852 election John P. Hale In the election of 1852, Franklin Pierce won – marked the end of the disorganized Whig party 1850s, Southern “slavocrats” cast eyes south – tried to craft a scheme to take Cuba (“Ostend Manifesto”)
- 9. 8 Land Routes West and the Gadsden Purchase The areas of U.S. territorial acquisition (Gadsden Purchase is at the bottom) Close-up of the territory acquired under the Gadsden Purchase CA and OR might have been islands 8,000 miles west of Washington, D.C. – a transcontinental railroad was needed to connect the nation 1853, Mexico ceded to the U.S. the Gadsden area for $10 million – enabled South to claim coveted railroad with even greater insistence
- 11. 10 Kansas and Nebraska Bill Illinois Senator Stephen A. Douglas The proposed split of the Nebraska territory into two distinct territories: Nebraska and Kansas Senator Stephen Douglas tried to offset the Gadsden thrust for expansion – proposed NB territory be split into 2 territories: NB & KS NB would be free and KS would be slave – but this violated the MO Compromise of 1820 – BUT Douglass didn’t care and the KS/NB Act became law (1854)
- 13. 2:03Sound Smart: Kansas-Nebraska Act
- 14. 13 Slavery and Anti-Slavery Literature Map showing the United States population in 1850 Artists’ depiction of a scene from Uncle Tom's Cabin By 1850s, Calhoun said “perfect equilibrium” between North & South no longer existed – two ways of life had developed “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” (1852) by Harriet Beecher Stowe said slavery was a political contest and a great moral struggle “The Impending Crisis of the South” (1857) by Hinton R. Helper tried to prove that non- slaveholding whites were the ones who suffered from slavery
- 16. 15 Violence in Kansas Free State Hotel of Lawrence, Kansas after the attack Abolitionist, John Brown John Brown believed God called on him to fight slavery and led his followers to attack Pottawatomie Creek on May 24, 1856 – 5 men were hacked to pieces 1857, people in KS voted for the Lecompton Constitution (provision protected slave owners who already had slaves in KS) – Free-Soilers rushed into KS and defeated the L.C.
- 18. 17 Violence in the U.S. Senate Preston BrooksCharles Sumner Preston Brooks attacking Charles Sumner in 1856 May 19, 1856, Sumner delivered a speech in the Senate titled The Crime Against Kansas – Sumner insulted SC Senator Andrew Butler May 22, 1856, Preston Brooks, a distant cousin of Butler, attacked Sumner while he was sitting at his desk in the U.S. Senate
- 19. 1:58Sound Smart: Bleeding Kansas
- 20. Homework: Reflect Using Google, read about the Underground Railroad. In two paragraphs, discuss two topics you found interesting or surprising Wrapping-Up How do we remember the Underground Railroad today? What forces, do you think, shapes this memory? Map of the Underground Railroad (above) and a photograph of Harriet Tubman later in life, circa 1911 (right)