The parotid gland is the largest salivary gland. It secretes serous fluid and is located below and in front of the ear. The submandibular gland is partly below and deep to the mandible. It has superficial and deep parts and secretes both serous and mucous fluids. The parotid and submandibular glands receive parasympathetic innervation from the facial and glossopharyngeal nerves respectively to stimulate secretion. Both glands have multiple anatomical relationships with surrounding structures.

1. Anatomy of
S alivary
Glands

2. P arotid G land
It is the largest salivary gland -
Secretes serous fluids -

3. S ite
Auricle
Angle of Mandible
Sternomastoid

4. R e lations

5. R e lations
Upper Part
1.S uperficial Temporal
ves s els .
A uriculotemporal nerve.
2.C artilaginous part of
E xternal A uditory Meatus .
3.Temporal branc h of Facial
n.

6. R e lations
Lower Part
1.C ervical branch of Facial
n.
2.Retromandibular vein.
3.Pos terior belly of
digas tric.
4.E xternal C arotid artery.

7. R e lations
A nterior B order
• Zygomatic branch of Facial n.
• Transverse Facial artery.
• Buccal branch of Facial n.
• Accessory Parotid gland.
• Parotid duct.
• Mandibular branch of Facial n.

8. R e lations
Lateral S urface
1.Great Auricular nerve.
3.Parotid lymph nodes.
4.Skin and Fascia

9. R e lations
A ntero-Medial S urface
• Ramus of the mandible.
• Masseter muscle.
• Medial pterygoid muscle

10. R e lations
Pos tero-Medial S urface
1. Mastoid process
2. Sternomastoid muscle
3. Posterior belly of Digastric
4. Styloid process and the
muscle & ligaments attached
to it.
5. Internal carotid artery &
Internal jugular vein
(carotid sheath).

11. R e lations
S tructures within the G land
• External carotid artery
• Retromandibular vein
• Facial nerve

12. C aps ule
1.False Capsule

13. C aps ule
1.False Capsule
2.True Capsule

14. A cces ory Part
Semidetached part of the gland,
which lies just above the parotid
duct

15. Parotid Duct
5 cm long &
emerges from
the anterior
border & runs
superficial to
masseter m.

16. Parotid Duct
Then pierces the buccinator to
open in the vestibule of
mouth, opposite the upper
2nd molar tooth

17. A rterial S upply
External Carotid Artery
Venous Drainage
Retromandibular Vein

18. Nerve S upply
1. Sensory:
a. Gland:
Auriculotemporal nerve
a. Capsule:
Great Auricular nerve

19. Nerve S upply
2. Sympathetic:
From the sympathetic plexus around
.the external carotid

20. Nerve S upply
3. Parasympathetic:
The secretomotor fibers arise from the inferior salivary nucleus in the medulla
oblongata.
Joins the glossopharyngeal nerve (9th cranial)
Leaves the 9th nerve through its tympanic branch which enters the middle ear where
it joins the tympanic plexus.
Lesser Petrosal nerve arises from the tympanic plexus as a continuation of the
tympanic branch
Otic Medulla
Enters the foramen ovale to relay in Ganglion Oblangata
the otic ganglion .Auriculotemporal n
Joins auriculotemporal nerve
through which they reach the gland
Inferior
Lesser Salivary
Nucleus
Petrosal n.
Tympanic
Plexus .Glossopharyngeal n

21. S urface A natomy of Parotid G land
Head of
Mandible
Middle of
Mastoid Masseter m.
Process
2 cm below
Angle of
Mandible

22. S urface A natomy of Parotid Duct
Tragus of
the ear
Middle ⅓ of the
horizontal line
Midway between
the ala of the nose
and the angle of the
mouth

23. S u b m and ib u lar
G land

24. S ite
Digastric triangle,
partly below & partly
deep to the mandible

25. P arts
1. Superficial part
2. Deep part
3. Submandibular duct
Submandibular duct
Deep part
Superficial part

26. S u p e rficial P art
Wedge shaped, extending:
Posteriorly: to the angle of mandible.
Superiorly: to mylohyoid line of mandible.
Inferiorly: it overlaps the 2 bellies of digastric m

27. R e lations
• Inferolateral surface: related to skin, superficial fascia (containing
platysma, cervical branch of facial n., ant. facial v., LNs) & deep
fascia.
• Lateral surface: related
to body of mandible,
facial a., mylohyoid n. &
a.
• Medial surface: related
to 2 muscles (mylohyoid
& hyoglossus) & 2 nerves
(lingual & hypoglossal).

28. Triple Relations of Facial Artery to the Gland
.Facial a

29. Triple Relations of Lingual Nerve to the Duct
.Lingual n
.Hypoglossal n

30. D e e p P art
Small part lying deep to mylohyoid
Superficial to hyoglossus
Between lingual n. above & hypoglossal n. below
.Lingual n
Mylohyoid

31. S u b m and ib u lar D u ct
5cm long
Triple relations with the lingual nerve
.Lingual n

32. S u b m and ib u lar D u ct
5cm long
Triple relations with the lingual nerve
Opening into the floor of mouth close to frenulum of
the tongue
Frenulum

33. N e rve S u p p ly
• Sensory:
Lingual nerve
• Sympathetic:
Plexus around the facial artery
• Parasympathetic:
Chorda tympani from Facial nerve

34. Thank
You