Recombinant vaccines are more effective than conventional vaccines. They have several advantages: they are reliable and safer since only a single protein is used rather than the whole organism; this also reduces the risk of illness. Recombinant technology allows scientists to control the type of vector used and choose specific antigens. While only one recombinant vaccine has been approved by the FDA so far, the technology produces a strong protective immune response similar to a natural infection and may be less expensive to produce in the future. However, developing recombinant vaccines is currently very expensive and some ethical concerns remain regarding the use of human subjects in testing.

1. Biotechnology: Recombinant Vaccine Development Created & Presented by: Brenda & Razina SBI4UO-B Dec 2008

2. History of Vaccines Thesis/Focus Definitions (Activity) Persona #1 (GEEK): Brenda Persona #2 (HEART): Razina Persona #3 (BEAN COUNTER): Sajeeda Conclusion Overview

3. Vaccines

7. PERSONA #1: SCIENCE (GEEK)

8. Types of Vaccines 1. Live, Attenuated (weakened) Vaccines -Closest to real infection -Strong antibody response (T-cells & B-cells) -Memory cells created -Risk: attenuated microbes may mutate back into virulent form

9. Types of Vaccines 2. Inactivated (killed) Vaccines -Microbes killed with heat or chemicals - Alert only B-cells -Hormonal Immunity (1 st dose) & Protective reaction (later doses) -Risk: Not as effective; use adjuvants

10. Types of Vaccines 3. Conjugate Vaccines -Microbes with protective capsule (polysaccharides) HIDE ANTIGENS -Link polysaccharides to antigens/toxoids that an immature immune system can recognize -Usually used in babies

11. Types of Vaccines 4. Subunit Vaccines -Antigens of microbes to stimulate response -Created in 2 ways 1)Chemically break microbe apart 2) RECOMBINANT TECH.

12. Types of Vaccines 5. Recombinant Vaccines -Genes from disease-causing microbe inserted into a harmless vector -Inject vector OR purified antigens (as subunit) -E.g. Hepatitis B (Recombivax HB Hepatitis B Vaccine)

14. Impact on Scientific Research: DNA VACCINES

23. Does it Interfere With Religious Beliefs?

25. Economic (Bean Counter)