Peptide vaccine containing only epitopes capable of inducing positive, desirable T cell and B cell mediated immune response.
Peptides‖ used in these vaccines are 20–30 amino acid sequences that are synthesized to form an immunogenic peptide molecule representing the specific epitope of an antigen.
sufficient for activation of the appropriate cellular and humoral responses
Eliminating allergenic and/or reactogenic responses.
Peptide vaccine containing only epitopes capable of inducing positive, desirable T cell and B cell mediated immune response.
Peptides‖ used in these vaccines are 20–30 amino acid sequences that are synthesized to form an immunogenic peptide molecule representing the specific epitope of an antigen.
sufficient for activation of the appropriate cellular and humoral responses
Eliminating allergenic and/or reactogenic responses.
vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as a threat, destroy it, and to further recognize and destroy any of the microorganisms associated with that agent that it may encounter in the future.
HISTORY OF VACCINES-
EDWARD JENNER conduct experiments in 1796 that lead to the creation of the first smallpox vaccine for prevention of smallpox.
A vaccine for RABIES is developed by LOUIS PASTEUR .
Vaccine for COLERA and TYPHOID were developed in 1896 and PLAGE vaccine in 1887.
The first DIPHTHERIA vaccine is developed in about 1913 by EMIL ADOLPH BEHRING,WILLIAM HALLOCK PARK.
The whole cell PERTUSIS vaccines are developed in 1914.
A TETANUS vaccine is developed in 1927.
SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE VACCINES AND RECOMBINANT ANTIGEN VACCINED.R. Chandravanshi
What is a Vaccine?
A vaccine is a substance that is introduced into the body to prevent infection or to control disease due to a certain pathogen (a disease-causing organism, such as a virus, bacteria or parasite). The vaccine “teaches” the body how to defend itself against the pathogen by creating an immune response.
1 Unlike traditional pharmaceuticals, vaccines are biologics since they are made from living organisms (biological sources).
2 Specifically, vaccines are preparations of components derived from (or related to) a pathogen; they can typically induce a protective effect through one to three very small doses, in the range of micrograms to milligrams.
3 Immunity lasts for an extended period, from one year up to lifetime protection, including prevention of disease and/or related sequelae.
Synthetic peptide vaccines represent fragments of protein antigen sequences, synthesizing specific B cell and T cell epitopes offer the potential to induce diseases neutralizing immuno response with completely synthetic structure. Now it is well established that short chain peptides can be used to mimic antigenic sites of viruses and thus can be used the basics for vaccines and development. therefore, attempts have been made to synthesize such peptides which act as the serrogate immuunogens, as an alternative to the existing conventional vaccines.
DNA vaccines (types, method and mechanism) Aneela Rafiq
DNA Vaccine is very promising method in current century. it can eliminate the risks of encountering pathogen with living cell.
this presentation has a brief concept about DNA Vaccine, to understand the baseline of genetic vaccine.
To synthesize a live attenuated vaccine, the disease-causing organism is grown under special laboratory conditions ,Vaccine production and purification
Developing vaccines against infectious and epidemic diseases with the aid of Bioinformatics is now possible, by predicting epitopes on an antigen and finding possible targets for the antibody to bind. A new era of vaccine production is just ahead of us.
Watch out the ppt to know more!!!
Recombinant baculoviruses are widely used to
express heterologous genes in cultured insect cells
and insect larvae. For large-scale applications, the
baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is particularly
advantageous.
Stem cell therpay market global revenue, trends, growth, share, size and fore...Scalar Market Research
Stem Cell Therapy Market is worth USD 11.99 billion in 2016 and is expected to reach USD 60.94 billion by 2022, growing at a CAGR of 31.1% from 2016 to 2022.
Download Free Sample: https://www.scalarmarketresearch.com/request-sample.php?id=178
vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as a threat, destroy it, and to further recognize and destroy any of the microorganisms associated with that agent that it may encounter in the future.
HISTORY OF VACCINES-
EDWARD JENNER conduct experiments in 1796 that lead to the creation of the first smallpox vaccine for prevention of smallpox.
A vaccine for RABIES is developed by LOUIS PASTEUR .
Vaccine for COLERA and TYPHOID were developed in 1896 and PLAGE vaccine in 1887.
The first DIPHTHERIA vaccine is developed in about 1913 by EMIL ADOLPH BEHRING,WILLIAM HALLOCK PARK.
The whole cell PERTUSIS vaccines are developed in 1914.
A TETANUS vaccine is developed in 1927.
SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE VACCINES AND RECOMBINANT ANTIGEN VACCINED.R. Chandravanshi
What is a Vaccine?
A vaccine is a substance that is introduced into the body to prevent infection or to control disease due to a certain pathogen (a disease-causing organism, such as a virus, bacteria or parasite). The vaccine “teaches” the body how to defend itself against the pathogen by creating an immune response.
1 Unlike traditional pharmaceuticals, vaccines are biologics since they are made from living organisms (biological sources).
2 Specifically, vaccines are preparations of components derived from (or related to) a pathogen; they can typically induce a protective effect through one to three very small doses, in the range of micrograms to milligrams.
3 Immunity lasts for an extended period, from one year up to lifetime protection, including prevention of disease and/or related sequelae.
Synthetic peptide vaccines represent fragments of protein antigen sequences, synthesizing specific B cell and T cell epitopes offer the potential to induce diseases neutralizing immuno response with completely synthetic structure. Now it is well established that short chain peptides can be used to mimic antigenic sites of viruses and thus can be used the basics for vaccines and development. therefore, attempts have been made to synthesize such peptides which act as the serrogate immuunogens, as an alternative to the existing conventional vaccines.
DNA vaccines (types, method and mechanism) Aneela Rafiq
DNA Vaccine is very promising method in current century. it can eliminate the risks of encountering pathogen with living cell.
this presentation has a brief concept about DNA Vaccine, to understand the baseline of genetic vaccine.
To synthesize a live attenuated vaccine, the disease-causing organism is grown under special laboratory conditions ,Vaccine production and purification
Developing vaccines against infectious and epidemic diseases with the aid of Bioinformatics is now possible, by predicting epitopes on an antigen and finding possible targets for the antibody to bind. A new era of vaccine production is just ahead of us.
Watch out the ppt to know more!!!
Recombinant baculoviruses are widely used to
express heterologous genes in cultured insect cells
and insect larvae. For large-scale applications, the
baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is particularly
advantageous.
Stem cell therpay market global revenue, trends, growth, share, size and fore...Scalar Market Research
Stem Cell Therapy Market is worth USD 11.99 billion in 2016 and is expected to reach USD 60.94 billion by 2022, growing at a CAGR of 31.1% from 2016 to 2022.
Download Free Sample: https://www.scalarmarketresearch.com/request-sample.php?id=178
Stem cell therapy is the use of stem cells to treat or prevent a disease or condition. Bone marrow transplant is the most widely used stem cell therapy, but some therapies derived from umbilical cord blood are also in use.
A stem cell is a "blank" cell that can give rise to multiple tissue types such as a skin, muscle, or nerve cell.
Under certain physiologic or experimental conditions, they can be induced to become tissue- or organ-specific cells with special functions.
Epigenetics is the study, in the field of genetics, of cellular and physiological phenotypic trait variations that are caused by external or environmental factors that switch genes on and off and affect how cells read genes instead of being caused by changes in the DNA sequence. -Wikipedia
This is an easy to understand presentation on how organizations can procure greener products in order to lower the environmental impacts throughout the value chain. This presentation was made by our chairperson Dr. Prasad Modak at the CII GreenCo Forum held in Mumbai on 27th January 2015.
Explanation on the industrial production of penicillin covering the history, fermentors, specific conditions required for penicillin production, how to increase yield amongst others.
In a world grappling with infectious diseases and global health challenges, the presentation titled "Vaccine Development: From Concept to Early Clinical Testing" is a captivating and informative exploration of the intricate journey vaccines undergo before reaching the crucial stage of early clinical testing. This presentation delves into the remarkable and often arduous process of turning scientific concepts into potential life-saving vaccines, highlighting the vital role they play in safeguarding public health.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
3. PANDEMICS
AND
NOTABLE EPIDEMICS
THROUGH HISTORY
PLAGUE
Europe's population dropped by around 50% between 550 and 700
A.D.
TYPHUS
During World War I, typhus epidemics killed over 150,000 in Serbia.
SMALLPOX
Killed around 400,000 Europeans per year during the end of the 18th
century.
MALARIA
Each year, there are approximately 350–500 million cases of malaria.
TUBERCULOSIS
Annually, 8 million people become ill with tuberculosis, and 2 million
people die from the disease worldwide.
8. Any antigenic preparation which stimulates host
immune system to form antibodies or T-Cells
against it and which will protect the host against
future infections is known as vaccines.
9. Cost effective
Effective after a single dose
Applicable to number of
diseases
Administered by a oral route
Could be given early in life
10.
11. 1ST
GENERATION VACCINE
Whole cells/virus particles.
E.g.:-B.C.G; polio drops etc.
2ND GENERATION VACCINE
Antigenic components of the organism.
E.g.:-Tetanus toxoid;Hepatitis B virus vaccine; Pneumococcal
vaccine(contains capsular polysaccharide).
3RD GENERATION VACCINE
Plasmids/genes responsible for the antigen formation.
E.g.:-DNA Vaccine.
3 CATEGORIES OF VACCINES
12. DRAWBACKS OF
TRADITIONAL VACCINES
Not possible for organisms
which are difficult to cultivate.
Yield of vaccine is low.
Large number of antigens
stimulate immune system which
is not desirable.
Danger of reverting back to
pathogenic state.
13. SUBUNIT VACCINE
DNA VACCINE
CONJUGATE VACCINE
EDIBLE VACCINE
Recombinant vaccines is having the potential to
give safe and more effective vaccines
TYPES
14. These vaccines contain proteins or peptides from
pathogenic organisms prepared by recombinant DNA
technology.
21. The gene from the pathogen(viral gene) gets
expressed by the host cells and antigen molecules
formed stimulate both cellular and humoral immunity
in the host.
Plasmid
DNA with
viral gene
Antigenic Protein
22. DNA vaccines induce both humoral and
cell mediated immunity.
DNA vaccines cause prolonged expression of
the antigens,thus leads to longer protection.
Refrigeration of DNA vaccine is not required
which greatly lowers the cost and reduces
complexity of delivery.
Advantages of the DNA
vaccines
23. Only proteins antigens can be encoded
Vaccines where polysaccharide antigens are to
be used
(such as in pneumococcal or meningococcal vaccines)
could not be made.
Limitations of the DNA
vaccines
25. A vaccine in which an
antigenic protein is
engineered into an edible
plant;
after ingestion,
the protein stimulates the
immune system of the host.
EDIBLE VACCINE
26.
27. Edible vaccines are currently being
studied in plants such as
potato, tomato, banana, corn, lupine,
lettuce and others
so that children could simply eat a
vegetable or fruit and have immunity to a
disease.
28. Shoud I take Injection
Or
Should I Eat Banana?
CHOICE IS YOURS
29. Recombinant vaccines are in pipeline
for
Cancer
Filaria
Diarrhoea
AIDS
Influenza
Ebola
Herpes
Malaria
Near Future
possibilities
SmartArt custom animation effects: continuous picture list
(Basic)
To reproduce the SmartArt effects on this slide, do the following:
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.
On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click SmartArt. In the Choose a SmartArt Graphic dialog box, in the left pane, click List. In the List pane, double-click Continuous Picture List (third row, fourth option from the left) to insert the graphic into the slide.
On the slide, select the graphic. Under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, click Size, and then do the following:
In the Height box, enter 5.05”.
In the Width box, enter 7.57”.
Under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, click Arrange, click Align, and then do the following:
Click Align to Slide.
Click Align Middle.
Click Align Center.
Select the graphic, and then click one of the arrows on the left border. In the Type your text here dialog box, enter text.
Select the graphic. Under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the SmartArt Styles group, click More, and then under Best Match for Document click select Moderate Effect (fourth option from the left).
Click each of the three picture placeholders in the SmartArt graphic, and then in the Insert Picture dialog box, select a picture and click Insert.
Press and hold CTRL, and then select the three circle pictures on the slide. Under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the Picture Styles group, click Picture Effects, point to Glow, and then do the following:
Under Glow Variations, click Accent color 1, 8 pt glow (second row, first option from the left).
Point to More Glow Colors, and then under Theme Colors click Orange, Accent 6, Lighter 80% (second row, 10th option from the left).
Select the left-right arrow at the bottom of the SmartArt graphic. Under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click the arrow next to Shape Fill, point to Gradient, and then click More Gradients. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
In the Type list, select Linear.
Click the button next to Direction, and then select Linear Right (first row, fourth option from the left).
Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until three stops appear in the drop-down list.
Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops as follows:
Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:
In the Stop position box, enter 0%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Orange, Accent 6, Darker 25% (fifth row, 10th option from the left).
Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following:
In the Stop position box, enter 50%.
Click the button next to Color, and then click More Colors. In the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 255, Green: 192, Blue: 0.
Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following:
In the Stop position box, enter 100%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Orange, Accent 6, Darker 25% (fifth row, 10th option from the left).
Press and hold CTRL, and then select the three rounded rectangles on the slide. On the Home tab, in the Font group, select Gill Sans MT from the Font list, enter 30 pt in the Font Size box, click the arrow next to Font Color, and then click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
Under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click Shape Effects, point to Reflection, and then under Reflection Variations click Tight reflection, touching (first row, first option from the left).
Under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click Shape Fill, point to Gradient, and then click More Gradients. In the Format Shape dialog box, in the left pane, click Fill, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
In the Type list, select Linear.
In the Direction list, select Linear Down (first row, second option from the left).
Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.
Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops as follows:
Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:
In the Stop position box, enter 19%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1 (first row, second option from the left).
Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following:
In the Stop position box, enter 100%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1, Lighter 50% (second row, second option from the left).
To reproduce the animation effects on this slide, do the following:
On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation.
On the slide, select the graphic. In the Custom Animation task pane, do the following:
Click Add Effect, point to Entrance, and then click More Effects. In the Add Entrance Effect dialog box, under Moderate, click Stretch.
Under Modify: Stretch, in the Speed list, select Fast.
Also in the Custom Animation task pane, click the arrow to the right of the animation effect, and then click Effect Options. In the Stretch dialog box, on the SmartArt Animation tab, in the Group graphic list, select One by One.
Also in the Custom Animation task pane, click the double arrows under the animation effect to expand the list of effects.
Press and hold CTRL, and then select all of the animation effects in the Custom Animation task pane. Under Modify: Stretch, in the Start list, select With Previous.
Select the first animation effect (stretch effect for the left-right arrow) in the Custom Animation task pane. Under Modify: Stretch, click the arrow to the right of the effect, and then click Timing. In the Stretch dialog box, on the Timing tab, do the following:
In the Delay box, enter 0.5.
In the Speed box, enter 1.5 seconds.
Press and hold CTRL, and then select the second and third animation effects (stretch effects for the left panel) in the Custom Animation task pane. Under Modify: Stretch, in the Direction list, select From Right.
Also in the Custom Animation task pane, with the second and third animation effects still selected, click the arrow to the right of one of those effects, and then click Timing. In the Stretch dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 1, and then click OK.
Press and hold CTRL, and then select the sixth and seventh animation effects (stretch effects for the right panel) in the Custom Animation task pane. Under Modify: Stretch, in the Direction list, select From Left.
Also in the Custom Animation task pane, with the sixth and seventh animation effects still selected, click the arrow to the right of one of those effects, and then click Timing. In the Stretch dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 1.
To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following:
Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
In the Type list, select Radial.
Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).
Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.
Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops as follows:
Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:
In the Stop position box, enter 0%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following:
In the Stop position box, enter 100%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1, Lighter 25% (fourth row, second option from the left).
