This document provides an overview of biosensors, including their definition, components, principles of operation, examples, applications, and future potential. A biosensor integrates a biological recognition element with a physiochemical transducer to produce an electronic signal proportional to the concentration of an analyte. Common types include calorimetric, potentiometric, amperometric, and optical biosensors. Applications include medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, food analysis, and industrial process control. The document concludes that biosensors can help identify materials and their concentrations in various fields.

1. VAAGESWARI INSTITUTE OF
PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

2. BIOSENSORS
PRINCIPLE &
APPLICATIONS
PRESENTED BY:
ANVESH NAG.
P
SREEKANTH.
T

3. Index
Definition
Components
Outlay
Characteristics
Principle
Examples
Merits and demerits
Applications
Conclusion
Future Scope

4. Definition
 A sensor that
integrates a
biological element
with a
physiochemical
transducer to
produce an
electronic signal
proportional to a
single analyte which
is then conveyed to
a detector

5. Father of Biosensors
 Professor Leland C Clark Jnr 1918–2005

6. Elements of Biosensors

7. Substrate
Membrane
Immobilizing centre (reaction)
Product
Membrane
Product
Transducer
Signals (amplification)
Digital read out
Outlay of Biosensor System

8. Characteristics of a Biosensor
Linearity
Sensitivity
Selectivity
Response time

9. Principle:
Passing of analyte through membrane(1)
Reaction of the analyte with the biological material.
Formation of the product.
Passing of formed product through membrane (2).
Reaching of the product to the sensor/ transducer.
Collection of signals.
Amplification.
Digital read out
readout transducer analyte

10. Description & Usage

11. Examples of Biosensors
Pregnancy test
Detects the hCG protein in urine
Infectous disease
biosensor from RBS

12. Estimation of Blood Glucoselevel

13. Types of Biosensors
 Calorimetric Biosensor
 Potentiometric Biosensor
 Amperometric Biosensor
 Optical Biosensor
 Piezo-electric Biosensor

14. Piezo-electric Biosensors(ADVANCED)
Piezo-electric devices use gold to detect
the specific angle at which electron waves
are emitted when the substance is
exposed to laser light or crystals, such as
quartz, which vibrate under the influence of
an electric field.
The change in frequency is proportional
to the mass of absorbed material

15. Merits and Demerits
Merits
 Measures non polar
molecules that do not respond
to most measurement
devices.
 As specific as the immobilized
system used in them.
 Allows continuous control .
Demerits
 Heat sterilization is not
possible as this would
denatures biological part of
biosensor.
 Cells in biosensor become
intoxicated by other molecules
that are capable of diffusing
through the membrane.
 Change in reactor broth (i.e.,
pH) can put chemical and
mechanical stress on the
biosensor that might
eventually impair it.

16. Applications of Biosensor
 Food analysis
 Study of biomolecules and their interaction
 Drug development
 Crime detection
 Medical diagnosis (both clinical and laboratory use)
 Environmental field monitoring
 Quality control
 Industrial process control
 Detection systems for biological warfare agents
 Manufacturing of pharmaceuticals & replacement organs

17. Potential Applications

18. Conclusion
 Biosensors play a part in the field of
environmental quality, medicine and
industry mainly by identifying material and
the degree of concentration present