2. What we will see…..
What is biosensor?
Components
Elements of biosensor
Working principle
Basic characteristics
Types of biosensor
Advantages
Applications
3. What is biosensor
A biosensor is an analytical device which converts a
biological response into an electrical signal.
It is a chemical sensing device in which a biologically
derived recognition is coupled to a transducer, to allow
quantitative development of some complex biochemical
parameter.
Biosensor = Bioreceptor + Transducer
4. LELAND C. CLARK
FATHER OF BIOSENSOR.
In 1962, he invented the Clark Oxygen Electrode, a pivotal device
that allows real – time monitoring of patient’s blood oxygen levels
and has made surgery safer and more successful for millions around
the world.
5. components
1.Receptors / sensors:
A sensitive biological element ( biological material)
2.Transducer:
It is a device converts physical or chemical changes due to
analyte – receptor reaction to electronic signals.
3.Associated electronics:
Amplifier, processor and display
9. Working principle
Analyte diffuse from the solution to the surface of the biosensor.
Analyte reacts specifically & efficiently with the biological
component of the biosensor.
This reaction changes the physicochemical properties of the
transducer surface.
This leads to a change in the optical/electronic properties of the
transducer surface.
The change in the optical/electronic properties is
measured/converted into electrical signal, which is detected.
10. Basic characteristics
LINEARITY : Should be High – for the detection of High
Substrate Concentration.
SENSITIVITY : Value of electrode response per substrate
concentration.
SELECTIVITY : Chemical interface must be minimized for
obtaining correct result.
RESPONSE TIME : Time necessary for having 95% of the
response.
12. 1. Calorimetric / Thermal detection biosensors.
Uses Absorption / production of heat.
Temperature is measured by Enzyme Thermistors.
ADVANTAGES:
No need of Frequent recalibration.
Insensitive to the Optical & Electrochemical properties of the sample.
USES:
Detection of : 1. Pesticides
2. Pathogenic Bacteria.
13. 2.Optical biosensor
Calorimetric for colour – Measures change in Light
Adsorption.
Photometric for light intensity – Detects the Photon
output.
3.resonant biosensor
An Acoustic Wave Transducer is coupled with bio element.
Measures the change in Resonant Frequency.
14. 4.Ion sensitive biosensor
It has semiconductor with ion – sensitive surface.
Surface Electrical Potential changes when the ions &
semiconductors interact.
Measure the Change in Potential.
USES:
pH detection.
15. 5.Electrochemical biosensors
Underlying the principle – many chemicals produce or
consuming ions or causing some change in the electrical
properties of the solution that can be sensed out & used as
a measuring parameter.
USES:
Detection of,
Hybridized DNA
DNA – binding Drugs
Glucose concentrations.
16. Advantages
High specific
Linear response
Tiny & Bio compactable
Easy to use & Durable
Require only small sample volume
Rapid
Accurate
Stable and sterilizable.
17. applications
Food Analysis
Study of Biomolecules & their Interaction.
Drug Development.
Crime Detection.
Medical diagnosis (Clinic & Lab)
Environmental field monitoring
Quality control
Industrial process control
Manufacturing of Pharmaceuticals & Replacement organs
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22. Biosensor for agricultural & food industry
Detection of viral, fungal, bacterial diseases of plants.
In food industry, detection of total microbes & food quantification in
soft drinks.
To determine the freshness of fish, beef & other food items.
