The document discusses bionic eyes and their development. It describes how bionic eyes aim to replace damaged eyes and restore vision. Several techniques for bionic eyes are presented, including the MARC technique which uses a retinal chipset to stimulate remaining retinal cells. Bionic eyes offer advantages like restoring basic vision but also have disadvantages such as high costs and the risk of parts failing. Researchers continue working to improve bionic devices and their integration with the human body.

1. THE CREW:
KATHAN .P. SINDHVAD
KARAN .K. GANDHI
ABHISHEK .Y. PATEL
RUSHABH .J. PATEL
Prepared by: Civil Department

2. THE BIONIC
E

3. CONTENTS
:-
 WHAT IS BIONIC EYE ?
A. => BIOLOGY OF EYE
B. => BLINDNESS
C. => TECHNIQUES FOR BIONIC EYE
D. => MARC
E. => ADVANTAGES &
DISADVANTAGES
F. => CONCLUSION

4.  WHAT IS BIONIC EYE?
 BIONIC EYE REFERS TO
BIOELECTRONIC EYE.
 THE ELECTRONIC DEVICE WHICH
REPLACES FUNCTIONALITY OF A PART
OR WHOLE OF THE EYE.

5. BIOLOGY OF EYE

6. RETINA

8. BLINDNESS
 BLINDNESS MEANS LOSS OF VISION.
 A COMPLETELY BLIND INDIVIDUAL UNABLE TO
SEE ANYTHING EVEN WITH THE USE OF EYE
GLASSES , CONTACT LENSES , MEDICINE OR
SURGERY.
 8O% OF BLINDNESS OCCURS IN PEOPLE
OVER 50 YEARS OLD.
 COMMON CAUSES :- MACULAR
DEGENERATION , TRAUMATIC INJURIES ,
GLAUCOMA etc.
 LESS COMMON CAUSES :- VIT-A DEFICIENCY ,
RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA , RETINOPATHY OF
PREMATURITY etc.

9. TECHNOLOGIES APPLIED IN BIONIC
EYE :-
 MIT – HARVARD DEVICE
 ASR(ARTIFICIAL SILICON RETINA)
 MARC
 ARGUS II
 HOLOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY

10. MIT-Harvard device
 Epi-Retinal Approach
 Microelectrode array replaces damaged photoreceptors
 Image Acquisition - Using CCD Camera
 Patient spectacle holds the camera and power source

11. ASR (ARTIFICIAL SILICON
RETINA)
 Epiretinal Approach involves a
semiconductor based device positioned
on the surface of the retina to try to simulate
the remaining overlying cells of the retina.
 Subretinal Approach involves
implanting the ASR chip behind the
retina to simulate the remaining
viable cells.

12. ARGUS II
 The Argus II epiretinal
prosthesis system allows
letter and word reading
and long-term function
in patients with profound
vision loss.
 Test I: letter identification
 Test II: letter size reduction
 Test III: word recognition

13. HOLOGRAPHIC
TECHNOLOGY
 Computer-generated
holography, could be used in
conjunction with a technique
called optogenetics, which
uses gene therapy to deliver
light-sensitive proteins to
damaged retinal nerve cells.
 “The basic idea of
optogenetics is to take a light-
sensitive protein from another
organism, typically from algae
or bacteria, and insert it into a
target cell, and that
photosensitizes the cell,”

14. MARC(Multiple Unit Of Artificial Retinal Chipset System)

15. MARC TECHNIQUE LOOKS LIKE
THIS

16.  Compact Size – 6x6 mm
 Diagnostic Capability
 Reduction of stress
upon retina
 Costly
 If a single part of the
chip is damaged the
total technique will be
meaningless.
Advantages Disadvantages

17. Conclusion
 Its been 40 years since Arne Larsson received the first fully
implanted cardiac pacemaker at the Karolinska Institute in
Stockholm.
 Researchers throughout the world have looked for ways to improve
people's lives with artificial, bionic devices.
 Bionic devices are being developed to do more than replace
defective parts.
 Researchers are also using them to fight illnesses.
 Providing power to run bionic implants and making connections to
the brain's control system pose the two great challenges for
biomedical engineering.
 Scientist are now looking at devices like bionic arms, tongues,
noses etc.

18. THANKING YOU !!!