There are millions of blind people who are hoping that medical technology would enable them to see the world one day. Well, the day is not far when the use of a bionic eye would be a routine medical procedure, which gives near perfect vision. Blind people would ultimately be able to recognize faces with the device. U.S and German scientists have designed a bionic eye to allow blind people to see again. The word “bionic” is derived from BIo+electrONIC.A bionic eye or visual prosthesis is a form of neural prosthesis intended to partially restore lost vision or amplify existing vision. It usually takes the form of an externally-worn camera that is attached to a stimulator on the retina, optic nerve, or in the visual cortex, in order to produce perceptions in the visual cortex. In simple words we say that itis an eye that works by itself, our brain controls it just like a real eye.Mr. Gregg Suaning created the design of bionic eye.A new artificial retina, an array of electrodes implanted on the back of the eye, has participants who had the implant for at least three months, 10 of the patients subsequently tested were able to identify the direction of moving objects.
There are many people in this world who cannot see.And costs much to gain vision.This article enlightens how people can gain vision through "BIONIC EYE". A Ray Of Vision For The Blind
Bionic eye is an Artificial electronic eye.The electronic device which replaces functionality of a part or whole of the eye.The main purpose of bionic eye is to provide vision.The implant is a small chip that is surgically implanted behind the retina in the eye ball.There are two basic methods of bionic eyeMARC( Multiple Unit Artificial Retina Chip )ASR ( Artificial Silicon Retina system)
IT IS THE NEW SIDE OF LIFE SCIENCE WHICH CAN IMPROVE THE FUNCTIONALITY OF DAMAGE PART OF THE EYE , IN THIS PPT VARIOUS TECHNIQUES ARE DESCRIBED ON BIONIC EYE.
There are millions of blind people who are hoping that medical technology would enable them to see the world one day. Well, the day is not far when the use of a bionic eye would be a routine medical procedure, which gives near perfect vision. Blind people would ultimately be able to recognize faces with the device. U.S and German scientists have designed a bionic eye to allow blind people to see again. The word “bionic” is derived from BIo+electrONIC.A bionic eye or visual prosthesis is a form of neural prosthesis intended to partially restore lost vision or amplify existing vision. It usually takes the form of an externally-worn camera that is attached to a stimulator on the retina, optic nerve, or in the visual cortex, in order to produce perceptions in the visual cortex. In simple words we say that itis an eye that works by itself, our brain controls it just like a real eye.Mr. Gregg Suaning created the design of bionic eye.A new artificial retina, an array of electrodes implanted on the back of the eye, has participants who had the implant for at least three months, 10 of the patients subsequently tested were able to identify the direction of moving objects.
There are many people in this world who cannot see.And costs much to gain vision.This article enlightens how people can gain vision through "BIONIC EYE". A Ray Of Vision For The Blind
Bionic eye is an Artificial electronic eye.The electronic device which replaces functionality of a part or whole of the eye.The main purpose of bionic eye is to provide vision.The implant is a small chip that is surgically implanted behind the retina in the eye ball.There are two basic methods of bionic eyeMARC( Multiple Unit Artificial Retina Chip )ASR ( Artificial Silicon Retina system)
IT IS THE NEW SIDE OF LIFE SCIENCE WHICH CAN IMPROVE THE FUNCTIONALITY OF DAMAGE PART OF THE EYE , IN THIS PPT VARIOUS TECHNIQUES ARE DESCRIBED ON BIONIC EYE.
An ocular prosthesis or artificial eye is a type of craniofacial prosthesis that replaces an absent eye following an enuleatin, evisceration, or orbital exenteration.
Bionic eye is a device that can provide sight-detection of light.
Researches working for the Boston Retinal Implant Project have been developing Bionic eye implant that could restore the eye sight of people who suffer from age related blindness.
It is based on a small chip that is surgically implanted behind the retina, at the back of the eye ball.
Ultra thin wires strengthens the damaged optic nerve.
The user should wear special eye glasses battery powered camera and a transmitter.
visual prosthesis replicates the natural vision of the eye and are one of the newer innovations in the field of ophthalmology. Helps in degenerative disease like Age related macular degeneration , retinitis pigmentosa etc.
1. An artificial eye is a prosthesis which is used to replace a missing or damaged eye.
2. In this eye there is a camera which could interact with the brain by stimulating the optic nerve.
3. Now we are at the beginning of the end of blindness with this type of technology.
An ocular prosthesis or artificial eye is a type of craniofacial prosthesis that replaces an absent eye following an enuleatin, evisceration, or orbital exenteration.
Bionic eye is a device that can provide sight-detection of light.
Researches working for the Boston Retinal Implant Project have been developing Bionic eye implant that could restore the eye sight of people who suffer from age related blindness.
It is based on a small chip that is surgically implanted behind the retina, at the back of the eye ball.
Ultra thin wires strengthens the damaged optic nerve.
The user should wear special eye glasses battery powered camera and a transmitter.
visual prosthesis replicates the natural vision of the eye and are one of the newer innovations in the field of ophthalmology. Helps in degenerative disease like Age related macular degeneration , retinitis pigmentosa etc.
1. An artificial eye is a prosthesis which is used to replace a missing or damaged eye.
2. In this eye there is a camera which could interact with the brain by stimulating the optic nerve.
3. Now we are at the beginning of the end of blindness with this type of technology.
A visual prosthesis, often referred to as a bionic eye, is an experimental visual device intended to restore functional vision in those suffering from partial or total blindness
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2. BIONIC EYE
Bionic eye also called a Bio Electronic eye, an electronic
device that replaces functionality of a part or whole of the
eye.
3. •Bionic Eye is an artificial eye which provokes visual
sensations in the brain by directly stimulating different
parts of the optic nerve.
•It works by stimulating nerves, which are activated by
electrical impulses. The patient has a small device
implanted into the body that can receive radio signals
and transmit those signals to brain through nerves & can
interpret the image.
•It consist of electronic systems which consist of image
sensors, processors, receivers, radio transmitters and
retinal chips.
• it could restore vision to people who have lost sight
during their lifetime.
4. HUMAN EYE
The eyeball is present in a protective cone-shaped cavity in the skull
called the orbit. Its main function is to receive and transmit images to
the brain. In humans there are three main types of light sensitive cells in
the retina. They are
•Rod Cells
•Cone Cells
•Ganglion Cells
There are about 125 million rods and cones within the retina that act as
the eye’s photoreceptors.
These ganglion cells interpret the messages from the rods and cones
and send the information on to the brain by way of the optic nerve.
Scattered light from the object enters through the cornea.
1. The light is projected onto the retina.
2. The retina sends messages to the brain through the optic nerve.
3. The brain interprets what the object is.
5. Causes of Blindness
There are a number of retinal diseases that attack
these cells, which can lead to blindness. The most
notable of these diseases are:
1. Retinitis pigmentosa (RP)
2. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
6. Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) is the name given to a group of hereditary
diseases of retina of the eye. It is an inherited, degenerative eye disease
that causes severe vision impairment due to the progressive
degeneration of the rod photoreceptor cells in the retina.
7. In macular degeneration, a layer beneath the retina, called the Retinal
Pigment Epithelium (RPE), gradually wears out from its lifelong duties
of disposing of retinal waste products. It is a disease that blurs the
sharp, central vision you need for activities such as reading, sewing,
and driving.
8.
9. •It comprises a computer chip which is kept in the back of the
individual's eye, linked up using a mini video camera built into glasses
that they wear. Images captured by the camera are beamed to the
chip, which translates them into impulses that the brain can
interpret.
•The breakthrough is likely to benefit patients with the most common
cause of blindness, macular degeneration, which affects 5,00,000
people.
•This occurs when there is damage to the macula, which is in the
central part of the retina where light is focused and changed into
nerve signals in the middle of the brain. The implant bypasses the
diseased cells in the retina and stimulates the remaining viable cells.
•Early efforts used silicon-based photo detectors, but silicon is toxic
to the human body and reacts unfavourably with fluids in the eye.
Now, scientists at the Space Vacuum Epitaxy Centre (SVEC) based at
the University of Houston, Texas, are using a new material they have
developed, tiny ceramic photocells that could detect incoming light
and so repair malfunctioning human eyes.
10. • Artificial retinas constructed at SVEC consist of 1,00,000 tiny
ceramic detectors, each 1/20 the size of a human hair.
• The arrays are attached to a polymer film one millimetre by
one millimetre in size. A couple of weeks after insertion into
an eyeball, the polymer film will dissolve.
•It is implanted in subretinal space.
•It consists of system :
1. Artificial Silicon Retina
2. MARC (Multiple-Unit Artificial Retina Chip) System
3. Engineering Details
Artificial Silicon Retina
. The ASR is a silicon chip 2 mm in diameter and 1/1000 inch in
thickness. It contains approximately 3,500 microscopic solar
cells called “microphotodiodes,” each having its own
stimulating electrode.
11. • These artificial “photoelectric” signals from the ASR induce biological
visual signals in the remaining functional retinal cells which may be
processed and sent via the optic nerve to the brain.
• The ASR is an extremely tiny device, smaller than the surface of a
pencil eraser. It has a diameter of just 2 mm (.078 inch) and is thinner
than a human hair. There is good reason for its microscopic size.
Magnified Image of ASR ASR Implant in Eye
12. MARC (Multiple-Unit Artificial Retina Chip) System
• The intermediary device is the MARC system.
• The MARC system will operate in the following manner.
13. WORKING OF THE BIONIC IMPLANT
• The device, called the Argus II Retinal Prosthesis System, was
developed by a California-based company called Second Sight.
• This device is placed behind the retina, the collection of miniature
solar cells is designed to convert normal light to electrical signals,
which are then transmitted to the brain by the remaining healthy
parts of the retina.
14. RETINAL PROSTHESIS SYSTEM
• At Second Sight, their retinal prosthesis uses an array of electrodes to stimulate
the retina. It restores a low level of vision in patients with degenerative diseases.
Their first implant had sixteen electrodes; the new Argus II has 60 electrodes.
15. • The Argus II implant consists of an array of electrodes that are
attached to the retina and used in conjunction with an external
camera and video processing system to provide an earliest stage form
of sight to implanted people.
16.
17. ADVANTAGES
• It helps to correct the vision.
• There is no necessity to suffer from long and short sights.
• It can be easily implanted
• It is the one approved by FDA
• No longer has limited access.
• Research is not limited by budget.
DISADVANTAGES
• There are 120 million rods and 6 million cones in the retina of every healthy
human eye.
• Creating an artificial replacement for these is a risky task.
• Si based photo detectors have been tried in earlier attempts. But Si is toxic
to the human body and reacts unfavourably with fluids in the eye.
• It cost about 30,000$
• It will not be helpful for glaucoma patients.
• Australian one is still being researched.
• Both eyes has research cost in the millions of dollars.
• Australian one has to undergo human trials.
• American one doesn't correct vision to 100%.
• Australian one won't be ready till 2014.
18.
19. CONCLUSION
• Restoration of sight for the blind is no more a dream for people
today. Bionic Eyes have made this true. Though there are a
number of challenges to be faced before this technology reach
the common man, the path has been laid for the concept of
Artificial Vision called “Bionic Eyes”. It is just a matter of time, may
be 4-5 years that the blind will be able to see through these Bionic
Eyes, with thanks to Science and Technology.
• If this system is fully developed it will change the lives of millions
of people around the world. We may not restore the vision fully,
but we can help them at least to find their way, recognize faces,
read books, distinguish between objects such as cups and plates,
above all lead an independent life.
20. Future Scope
Researchers are already planning a third version that has 1,000
electrodes on the retinal implant, which will allow for facial-recognition
capabilities and hope to allow the user to see colourful images.