The document discusses sustainable development practices in concrete technology. It covers several topics: 1. Concrete has high embodied energy due to cement production, but has potential to be efficient over its long lifespan. Supplementary cementing materials and reducing cement content can lower environmental impacts. 2. Concrete's thermal mass allows it to reduce operational energy usage in buildings through passive heating and cooling. It also enables more efficient radiant heating systems. 3. Recycled concrete aggregate can be used in new concrete, reducing waste and costs while maintaining durability. This supports sustainable development goals.

1. Introduction and sustainabale
development in concrete
technology
Made by :CIVIL – B (sem-4)
Subject : Concrete Technology (2140608)

2. Crew Members
Name PEN.
1. Sindhvad Kathan Pankajhai – 1690490106087
2. Shaikh Tokirhusen Iqbalbhai – 160490106084
3. Sharma Vishal Prakashbhai – 160490106085
4. Soni Dishang Prakashbhai – 160490106090
5. Shukla Malhar Ashishbhai – 160490606086
6. Upadhyay Nishank Yagneshbhai - 160490106092

3. ABSTRACT
• Cement is the key ingredient in making concrete. Concrete is the
second consumed materials after water in the world.
• When a material becomes as integral to the structure as concrete, it
is important to analyze its environmental impacts to conclude if the
material is as sustainable as it is prevalent.
• The use of bio-fuels and alternative raw materials can reduce the
CO2 emission in cement production.
• Supplementary cementing materials are new widely used for
making durable concretes and reducing the CO2 emission.
• Exploiting the thermal mass of concrete to create energy-optimized
solutions for heating and cooling residential and office buildings is
discussed.
• Finally the production of recycled aggregate concrete from old
concrete structures can have a major environmental impact in the
future programs for sustainable development.

4. INTRODUCTION
• It is impossible to walk through cities without seeing concrete in
some form.
• Whether it is in the latest high rise being constructed, new side
walks being cured,in roads connecting the city, in dams, bridges,
marine structures, industrial plants,etc. concrete is inescapable.
• When a material becomes as integral to the structure as concrete, it
is important to analyze its environmental impacts to conclude if the
material is as sustainable as it is prevalent.
• If the material does not satisfy the credential of sustainability it
should be further developed, especially in present society when
environmentally detrimental processes are currently subject to
scrutiny.

5. • It is often debated whether concrete can or should be considered to be
a sustainable option due to its particular properties and
characteristics.
• Concrete has a long service life; buildings made of concrete can
usually be expected to last hundreds of years with proper
maintenance.
• Truly, when a structure reaches the end of its useful life, its concrete
component can be completely recycled into the aggregates to be used
in other concrete mixtures.
• In spite of the amount of initial energy required to produce concrete,
the material has the potential to be efficient over its estimated life
expectancy.
• As well, once a building requires demolition, its material can be used
for subsequent buildings.

6. 2. EMBODIEND ENERGY
• Embodied energy is the amount of energy required to produce a
material.
• This includes the energy required for the raw material extraction;
the energy required to process and manufacture the material; and
transportation for all stages of production.
• It is impossible to assign a value to the embodied energy of concrete
on a whole because mix designs vary widely which subsequently
changing the embodied energy.

7. • Although there is variation in the values a general idea about the
embodied energy of cement can be established.
• 7 GJ of energy is required to produce one tonne of cement.
• It must be concluded then that the manufacturing process of cement
must be developed further to increase the sustainability of cement and
thereby increase the sustainability of the concrete itself.
• There are two obvious ways in which to reduce the impact that
concrete has on the environment.
• The first is to increase the efficiency during production, and the
second is to reduce the amount of cement in the concrete mix.

8. • Cement consumption goes up by about 50% of the 2005 level and the
use of CCM increased to 20% of the total cementing material.
• Cement consumption goes down by 20% of the BAU level, and CCM
increased to 30% of the total cementing material.
• Cement consumption goes down by 40% of the B.A.U. level, and the
use of CCM is increased to 50% of the total cementing material.

9. SUPPLEMENTARY CEMENTING
MATERIALS & SUSTAINABILITY
• When concrete is the material of choice one can look forward to
having endless options and opportunities in its composition.
• There are many types of cement,admixtures, aggregate, and
supplementary cementing materials that can be incorporated in
different quantities.
• By incorporating a higher quantity of supplementary cementing
materials the amount of cement can be reduced, lowering the
emissions and energy with a mix.
• This was possible because of the decreased amount of clinker used
to produce the cement and concretes as well as decreasing the
requirement of fuel for clinker burning.
• CO2 emissions could also be decreased with the increase in the
efficiency of clinker in concrete strength development.

10. RECYCLED AGGREGATE
• When concrete structures reach the end of their useful lives,
disposal is not the only available next step.
• Concrete can be crushed and used as recycled aggregate.
• Much research has gone into determining whether the properties of
used aggregates are sufficient for reuse in concrete.
• It has been found that due to the suctioning behavior of recycled
aggregates, water addition is a problem of major concern.
• The difficulty arises in determining the appropriate proportions of
water to aggregate as it is required in higher quantities when using
recycled aggregate to that of dense aggregate.
• Although the elastic modulus continued to increase for the first few
days, it stabilized at approximately 7 days.

11. OPERATIONAL ENERGY
• As important as it is to reduce the embodied energy and emissions,
it is just as important that when implementing a material that the
energy requirements during its useful life are not increased as a
byproduct of material selection.
• Concrete offers solutions to reduce the operational energy of
structures such as buildings, dams, and roads.

12. BUILDINGS
• Concrete can aid in lowering the operational costs of a building because it
posses thermal mass.
• Thermal mass is material property that stores and slowly releases energy.
• Materials that have significant thermal mass possess the following
qualities:
• High specific heat
• High density
• Low (but not extremely low) thermal conductivity
• Concrete’s thermal mass also makes it possible to involve
developments such as radiant heating.
• This development is a method of heating through radiant heat as
opposed to convection heating.
• Where convective heating warms air and circulates the warm air
through the building radiant heat warms materials, and the materials
radiate the heat into the space.

13. • This method works well when using materials with significant
thermal mass because they comfortably release the thermal energy
into a room, as well as stores any excess.
• Radiant heating still uses energy to warm the water, but this energy is
significantly less than the energy required, and wasted through
convective heating.
• By creating a concrete wall sandwiched between insulation a
thermally efficient wall is created.
• The resistance of insulation in addition to the thermal mass of
concrete creates a wall where temperature changes are gradual due to
the thermal mass, and they are small because of the insulation and
building envelope continuity.
• By eliminating wood or metal studs thermal breaks are reduced, these
points where thermal energy is generally lost are eliminated.

14. ROADS
• The use of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) in highway
infrastructure has the potential to reduce wastes and costs while
producing the type of durable new roads required.
• Recycled concrete aggregate is produced from “Portland cement
concrete pavements, bridge structures and decks, sidewalks, curbs,
and gutters that have been removed from serviced, had their steel
removed and have been crushed to a desired gradation”.
• Various tests have proven that with the right conditions RCA has the
potential to produce materials of significant strength and durability
with a higher load carrying capacity.

15. • There are numerous resource conservation benefits that result with
the implementation of RCA.
• Firstly, waste disposal quantities are reduced.
• In most cities where a lack of landfill space is a real problem, waste
reduction is a large benefit.
• Similarly, the use of these waste materials diminishes the cost of
energy typically required for hauling virgin aggregate from quarries.
Similarly to fly ash, RCA has bared the stigma associated with waste
materials being substandard material.
• It has been realized that for RCA use to become more extensively
used the process control needs to be improved to prevent mix
workability issues.
• This includes watering stockpiles and testing the moisture content of
the aggregates regularly.
• RCA has been used as coarse aggregate in hot-mix asphalt and as
densegraded aggregate.

16. CONCLUSION
• Concrete is taking leaps and bounds when it comes to sustainable
development.
• The management of CO2 emissions along with voiced concern
regarding the negative environmental impact of cement production
proves that the minds of the industry are in right place.
• Research involving supplementary cementing materials has
continuously proven the benefits of incorporating what is often a
waste product from industries into concrete mix design.
• This can be noted through the increase of durability and strength
resulting particularly in greater sustainable practices but also
economical ones.

17. • Developments in the cement production process suggest that the
interest to make improvements is being realized.
• New innovative methods are also being created to reduce the
quantity of cement in a mix which is proof of a new perspective on
the role the concrete industry can play in sustainability.
• In addition to the developments occurring directly with the
production of cement.

18. THANK YOU