-IOL formula
1st generation formula : SRK, Binkhost
2nd generation formula : SRK II
3rd generation formula: Hoffer Q, Holladay 1, SRK/T
4th generation formula: Haigis, Holladay 2, Olsen
-The Hoffer Q, Holladay I, and SRK/T formula are all commonly used.
-IOL formula
1st generation formula : SRK, Binkhost
2nd generation formula : SRK II
3rd generation formula: Hoffer Q, Holladay 1, SRK/T
4th generation formula: Haigis, Holladay 2, Olsen
-The Hoffer Q, Holladay I, and SRK/T formula are all commonly used.
Ophthalmology Lectures ; Anterior segment OCT has been used widely in diagnosis of corneal disease, & in assessment of anterior segment surgery & keratoplasty
One way to optimize Corneal Cross linking (CXL) !! DiyarAlzubaidy
Ophthalmology Lectures: Corneal crosslinking is the only way approved to stop progression of Keratoconus,,let's review the old & new methods of crosslinking
Presbyopia ( Part 1 / lenticular approach )..Types of MFIOLDiyarAlzubaidy
Ophthalmology Lectures: Presbyopia Management can be done through the cornea or the lens or sclera ..in part 1 we discuss lenticular part & types of MFIOL
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
5. 5
Medical Care
Dehydrating agents :Sodium chloride 5% eye drops are instilled 4-6 times during the day.
Use of warm dry air (evaporation) : A hair dryer
Lowering the intraocular pressure (IOP) :Topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors should be avoided.
Supportive treatment for ruptured bullae :Anterior stromal punctures , CL , cycloplegics,
Excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy, amniotic membrane graft, or a conjunctival flap
Surgical Care
penetrating keratoplasty used to be the only surgical method available to treat end-stage FED, endothelial keratoplasty
(EK) is now considered the standard of care. The most commonly practiced forms of EK are DSAEK and DMEK
8. LET’S GO BACK
TOPATHOPHYSIOLOGY
8
the researchers detected an increase in mitochondrial and nuclear DNA damage in
FECD and correlated the damage with loss of mitochondrial energy production. The
result was mitochondrial fragmentation followed by release of cytochrome c, a small
protein associated with the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. These age-
induced molecular changes underscore the degenerative aspects of FECD
pathogenesis. Although surgical therapies are effective in treating FECD, they all
involve tissue transplantation. The research team will now focus on development of
novel cytoprotective and anti-aging therapies that could provide alternative and safer
treatment options for FECD patients.
9. Pharmaceutical Therapy :ROCK Inhibitor
Eye Drops
Rho is a small GTPase, and RhoA activates ROCK, a serine/threonine
kinase that phosphorylates various substrates. ROCK signaling plays an
essential role in several fundamental cellular events, such as cell
adhesion, motility, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis .
Okumura etal, suggested that the eye drop form of ROCK inhibitor is a
potent therapeutic treatment choice for patients with early-stage FECD.
Notably, one 52-year-old male patient diagnosed with late-onset FECD
recovered full corneal transparency after transcorneal freezing and the
use of ROCK inhibitor eye drops. His CCT was reduced from 703 μm to
568 μm and his VA improved from 20/63 to 20/20. His corneal
transparency was maintained for more than 6 years, and the original
plans for an eventual corneal transplantation were canceled . 9
11. antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) treatment led to:
• Reduced RNA aggregates (foci) in patient cells
• A reduction in the toxic downstream effects of the RNA foci
These results highlight the potential of using an ASO therapy to treat the
toxic entities that arises due to a mutation in the TCF4 gene
elamipretide:drug candidates for targeting diseases
associated with mitochondrial dysfunction
N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), a thiol-containing antioxidant
and radical scavenger, rescued cultured corneal endothelial
cells from damage mediated by ER and oxidative stress .
Antioxidants
11
12. Tissue Engineering Therapy
12
The evolution of corneal transplantation procedures now enables less invasive treatment with better
clinical outcomes, but problems remain. The most serious are the shortage of donor corneas, the
difficulty of the surgical procedure, and the incidence of graft failure in acute and chronic phases.
These issues have motivated researchers to devise tissue engineering treatments that can overcome the
current transplantation limitation.
Two strategies adopt the use of transplanted cultured corneal endothelial cells
(CECs)as regenerative medicine: 1) transplantation of a cultured corneal endothelial sheet by a
procedure resembling DSEK or DMEK and 2) direct injection of cultured corneal endothelial
cells, without a carrier, into the anterior chamber,
14. IDEA
The most plausible explanation was that the host CECs migrated from their
peripheral locations toward the central area of bare stroma to restore anatomical
integrity of the endothelium. In view of the fact that patients with FED retain a
peripheral rim of healthy CECs, it was suggested that stripping of the central,
diseased Descemet membrane without transplantation of an endothelial graft
(‘primary descemetorhexis’ or ‘Descemet stripping without EK’) may be a possible
therapeutic alternative for patients with FED
candidates
Themostadequate candidatesappeartobe patientswithFECDwith central focal
edema and a clear peripheral cornea with densely populated peripheral endothelium[3][10].
14
15. Indications
FECDdiagnosed clinically andon confocal microscopy with the
following characteristics:
✢ Presenceofcentral guttaedeemedto bethechiefcauseofvisual
symptoms(decreasedvisualacuity,contrast sensitivity, glare).
✢ Clearperipheralcornea with anendothelialcellcount >1000
cells/mm2 onconfocal orspecularmicroscopy.
✢ Thepatientis otherwise contemplating endothelial
keratoplasty.
✢ Phakicor pseudophakic.
15
the densely packed cells exhibit strong contact inhibition,, positive growth factors that would promote mitosis are found in very low concentrations in the anterior chamber, whereas negative growth factors that enforce cell stasis such as TGF-ß are abundant.55, 56 Finally, the high rate of cellular metabolism with chronic ultraviolet light exposure results in an accumulation of reactive oxygen species
The function of the corneal endothelium is to keep the cornea clear. Because endothelial cells do not divide in humans, they are very prone to DNA damage from ultraviolet light or from the byproducts of energy production in the mitochondria. In FECD, the underlying genetic defects make the corneal endothelial cells even more susceptible to damage, and eventually cause dysfunction in the mitochondria.
The following criteria are adapted from the study by Moloney et al[3].
The following criteria are adapted from the study by Moloney et al[3].
