This document outlines a presentation on biomass energy in Nepal. It discusses:
1) Biomass energy sources commonly used in Nepal like fuelwood, agricultural residues, and animal dung.
2) Technologies to convert biomass into energy like improved cookstoves, biogas plants, and briquettes.
3) Benefits of biomass energy including reduced deforestation, indoor air pollution, and women's workload. It can also improve soil fertility and reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers.
4) Over 200,000 households in Nepal now use improved cookstoves and over 160,000 use biogas plants to make better use of biomass resources.
Biomass As A Renewable Energy Source: The case of Converting Municipal Solid...IEEE UKM Student Beanch
The paper describes the importance of biomass as a source of renewable energy. Biomass materials have greatest potential to be processed as feedstocks in bio-energy production or as fuels in combustion, gasification and pyrolysis systems. It discusses various methods of preparing the biomass materials. It identifies various applications and focus areas of research and development in handling, storage of biomass.
Bioenergy draws on a wide range of potential feedstock materials: forestry and agricultural residues and wastes of many sorts, as well as material grown specifically for energy purposes. The raw materials can be converted to heat for use in buildings and industry, to electricity, or into gaseous or liquid fuels, which can be used in transport, for example. This degree of flexibility is unique amongst the different forms of renewable energy.
Biomass Energy Resourses; Mechanism of green plant
photosynthesis, effiency of conversion, solar energy plantation,
Biogas- Types of Biogas plants, factors affecting production
rates, Pyrolysis, Gasifess Types & Classification of vegetable
oils a a liquid fuel and their properties, esterification process,
formation of Biodiesel, Biodiesel & its properties, suitable species
for Biodiesel formation and its cultivation, byproduct formation
during esterification, Biodiesel economics.
waste pastic to fuel pyrolysis process-daxit akbariDAXIT AKBARI 🇮🇳
presentation on plastic pyrolysis process....best technology for waste minimization and converting waste into valuable products without ant environmental pollution.
BIOMASS GASIFICATION,gasification and gasifier.
A slide about biomass gasification including brief description about thermo-chemical conversion process and applications
Biomass for fuel use may be derived from fuelwood and other sources in India. This was a by-product of other primary activities like agriculture, forestry, trees outside forests and food processing. Barriers need to be overcome to develop a sustainable bioenergy system.
Biomass As A Renewable Energy Source: The case of Converting Municipal Solid...IEEE UKM Student Beanch
The paper describes the importance of biomass as a source of renewable energy. Biomass materials have greatest potential to be processed as feedstocks in bio-energy production or as fuels in combustion, gasification and pyrolysis systems. It discusses various methods of preparing the biomass materials. It identifies various applications and focus areas of research and development in handling, storage of biomass.
Bioenergy draws on a wide range of potential feedstock materials: forestry and agricultural residues and wastes of many sorts, as well as material grown specifically for energy purposes. The raw materials can be converted to heat for use in buildings and industry, to electricity, or into gaseous or liquid fuels, which can be used in transport, for example. This degree of flexibility is unique amongst the different forms of renewable energy.
Biomass Energy Resourses; Mechanism of green plant
photosynthesis, effiency of conversion, solar energy plantation,
Biogas- Types of Biogas plants, factors affecting production
rates, Pyrolysis, Gasifess Types & Classification of vegetable
oils a a liquid fuel and their properties, esterification process,
formation of Biodiesel, Biodiesel & its properties, suitable species
for Biodiesel formation and its cultivation, byproduct formation
during esterification, Biodiesel economics.
waste pastic to fuel pyrolysis process-daxit akbariDAXIT AKBARI 🇮🇳
presentation on plastic pyrolysis process....best technology for waste minimization and converting waste into valuable products without ant environmental pollution.
BIOMASS GASIFICATION,gasification and gasifier.
A slide about biomass gasification including brief description about thermo-chemical conversion process and applications
Biomass for fuel use may be derived from fuelwood and other sources in India. This was a by-product of other primary activities like agriculture, forestry, trees outside forests and food processing. Barriers need to be overcome to develop a sustainable bioenergy system.
Production Process Wood Pellet From Wood BiomassJFE Project
Production Process Wood Pellet From Wood Biomass. Indonesia is the highest biomass potential in ASEAN countries so that the chances of developing wood pellet industry is huge.
it covers various types of bioenergy and also contains various energy yielding technologies. it shows the bioenergy scenerio in India.it also shows various activities and programmes related with bioenergy
Invasive Alien Plant Species Assessment in Urban Ecosystem: A Case Study from...Surendra Bam
Invasive Alien Species (IAS) are the second most threat to biodiversity after habitat loss and fragmentation. Identifying the non-native species being naturalized in your region is the fundamental step for the upcoming management strategy in future.
Climate change perception: A case study of Bardiya National Park (BNP), Thaku...Surendra Bam
Climate Change perception: talks about the need of including social dimension in research and identifying the people understanding of climate change in buffer zone of Bardia National Park, Nepal.
Assessment of biomass and carbon sequestration potentials of standing Pongami...Surendra Bam
The need of identifying the plant species having multitude value in present world are essential. Even in the Climate Change mitigation measures, the utilization of those plant species having economical value like bio-disel as well as can play their role of carbon sequestration.
Comparatives Study of Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) under Forest, Cultivated and ...Surendra Bam
The journal article is based upon the need of sustainable land use management of different land use types for improving their carbon sequestration and hence supporting to mitigate climate change impacts.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2. Presentation Outline:
1. Energy and its Linkages
2. Sources of Energy in Nepal
3. Sources of Biomass Energy
4. Application of biomass energy technology
5. Some facts about biomass energy promotion in
Nepal
6. Benefits of biomass energy
7. Conclusions
8. Recommendations
3. 1.Energy and its Linkages
Energy is essential for development and per capita
energy consumption is often seen as an indicator of
economic status and well being.
Nepal’s per capita energy consumption at 15GJ is one
of the lowest in the world and more than 90 percent
of the energy is consumed in the residential sector,
indicating the low use of the energy economic
development related activities.
Besides being indicator for economic development,
household energy also has multiple linkages with
important social issues poverty, gender, environment
and health.
5. 2. Sources of Energy in Nepal
It is estimated that 50 percent of the world’s
populations are still at the bottom of this energy
ladder as they use solid biomass fuels such as fuel
wood, dung and agriculture residues.
The situation is worse in Nepal as 85 percent of
Nepal’s population depend on the solid fuels for
cooking.
Of the total energy consumed in Nepal, it is
estimated that about 75percent comes from fuelwood
and about 9.5percent comes from agricultural
residues and dung, while only about 2 percent come
electricity and renewable energy sources.
6. FIGURE 2.1: Energy Ladder
X
Electricity
LPG, natural gas
Kerosene, coal
Charcoal
Wood
Animal dung, agro
& forest residues
Y
where, x=Increasing cleanliness, convenience and cost of
fuel
Y= Improving socioeconomic condition
7. FIGURE 2.2: Pie chart showing sources of energy in Nepal
1.47
0.48
3.53
3.75
5.74
Fuel wood
Petroleum
9.24
Animal waste
Agricultural Residue
Coal
Electricity
Renewables
75.79
Source: Economic Survey 2006-07 (values given in %)
8. 3. Sources of Biomass Energy
Biomass energy is defined as energy from plant and animal origins
such as woody biomass (stems, branches, and twigs), non-woody
biomass (stalks, leaves, grass), agriculture residue (rice husk, straw),
oil seeds, industrial residue (molasses) and animal and human faces.
The main sources of biomass energy that are currently in use in Nepal
are fuelwood, cattle dung and agricultural residues.
Other potential biomass energy sources in Nepal are:
- oil bearing plants such as Nageshwor or Mesua ferrea (77% oil), and
Sajiwan or Jatropha curcass (45-56% oil) which can be used to
produce biodiesel.
- resin from pine trees, which can be used to produce bio-
hydrocarbon.
- molasses from sugar industry that can be used to produce ethanol.
- organic waste that can be used to produce briquettes or biogas.
9. FIGURE 3.1: Sources of biomass energy
Sources of Biomass Energy
Energy Crops Agro & Forest Residues Industrial By-products Organic Waste
Harvesting, Collection, etc.
Preparation Transportations Storage
Thermo-Chemical Conversion Physical Conversion Bio-Chemical Conversion
Alcohol An-aerobic
Pyrolysis Gasification Pressing Expelling
fermentations digestion
Charcoal Producer Gas Briquette Liquid biofuel Ethanol Biogas
COMBUSTION
HEAT
POWER
10. 4. Application of biomass energy
technology
The following processes can be used to process biomass
resources into different forms:
Thermo- chemical conversion- In this process, biomass
is burned in the absence of oxygen (pyrolysis) to from
char or partially burned in a gasifier to produce a
combustible gas.
Bio-chemical conversion- This process includes
digestion of biomass in aerobic conditions to produces
biogas in aerobic or fermentation to produce ethanol.
Physical conversion- By applying physical pressure,
biomass may be densified, as in the case of briquettes, or
expelled to extract oil from plants. The extracted oil may
be treated to remove heavy particles.
11. 5. Some facts about biomass energy promotion in Nepal
•Direct use biomass in various types of improved cook stoves
(ICS) and processing of biomass in household biogas plant has
been found to be very promising technologies and have been
promoted extensively by various organizations, including
AEPC/ESAP.
• ICS and Biogas were introduced in Nepal in the 1950s and
currently there is well established system for promoting these
technologies through the coordinated effort of government,
local bodies, NGOs, private sector and community groups.
•Currently more than 200,000 households have installed ICS and
more than 160,000 households have installed biogas plants in
Nepal.
12. 6. Benefits of biomass energy
•Reduction in deforestation
•Reduction in indoor air pollution and hence smoke-
related diseases
•Reduction in women’s drudgery and cooking time
•Improved sanitation from better management of
animal dung and human faeces
•Improvement in soil fertility because of the use of
slurry from biogas plant as biofertilizer
13. Benefits contd….
•Reduced dependence on chemical fertilizer
•Reduction in green gas emissions
•Contributions to local economy, through
better utilization of local resources
•Preventions of fire hazards
•Cleaner kitchen environment
14. 7. Conclusions:
• Because biomass continues to be the main
source of energy in Nepal and use of biomass is
often associated with major environmental
problems such as deforestation and indoor air
pollution, there is urgent need to introduce and
popularize technologies that will make use of
these of the energy resources more efficient,
convenient, and cost effective and environment
friendly. This requires further research and
development as well as promotional activities.
15. Conclusion Contd….
•Consider these numbers: one Nepalese
model reduces CO2 by 4.7 tons per year
and the trade-in for 1 ton is up to $10.
• Using the stated fact that Nepal has
now commissioned their 100,000th biogas
plant they would have made as much as
$4,700,000 per year from the trading of
reduced CO2.
16. 8. Recommendations:
•Nepal is faced with a double-edged sword when
dealing with the issue of energy. The amount of fuel
wood is diminishing while the demand for more
energy is increasing. Eventually, there will be a time
when Nepal’s resources are gone. Alternate methods
of deriving fuel and energy will be necessary in the
near future. Biogas is one of the more efficient ways
of supplying energy resources to Nepal.
• Biomass systems release next to nothing as far as
carbon dioxide and the Kyoto Protocol would make it
possible for Nepal to trade CO2 emissions to
countries that release too much of it.
17. Recommendations Contd…
The Kyoto Protocol is an issue that is still being
debated. In order for this to go into effect, the nations
that account for more than 55% of the emissions have
to be approved. As the situation now stands, the
United States is at a stand still and is not concerning
themselves with the subject. Therefore, Nepal must
place their hope in other countries that have high
emission rates such and Russia and Japan. These
countries are not in any hurry to approve the Kyoto
Protocol, but it seems that they are more ready to
approve than the US.