This document outlines biomass energy, including its sources, conversion methods, and use in power plants. Biomass can be obtained from forests and plant/animal waste, and is converted to energy through direct combustion, gasification, or pyrolysis. Biomass power plants use these conversion methods to generate steam that spins turbines and creates electricity. While combustion is a mature technology, gasification allows for smaller-scale and more flexible systems. Overall, biomass energy provides renewable energy, recycles waste materials, and offers economic benefits through job creation and reduced waste disposal costs.

1. outlines
1- introduction
2- biomass and its sources
3- the conversion of biomass energy
4- biomass power plant
5- advantages and disadvantages
6- economic benefits
7- conclusion

2. Biomass is the oldest source of energy

3. Farmers often burn their
crop waste to get rid of it

4. INTRODUCTION
Enough Biomass
resources in the world to
cover the world’s energy
demand.
Using Biomass sources
for power generation is
CO2 neutral.

5. INTRODUCTION

7. SOURCES OF BIOMASS
Comes
from the
forest
Can also
come from
plant and
animal
waste
Wood and
waste can
be found
virtually
anywhere

8. The conversion of biomass
energy

9. 1-Direct Combustion

10. Pipes filled with water are
heated to make steam
Inside a biomass steam boiler
Fire heats
the water

11. 2-GASIFICATION
gasification is a high-temperature (1200-1400 Degree Celsius)thermo
chemical conversion process but the process is used for production of gas,
instead of heat

12. GASIFICATION
Biogas is produced by exposing
biomass to high temperatures and
limited oxygen.
Biogas energy can serve as a feedstock for
electricity generation or a building block for
chemicals.

13. 3-PYROLYSIS
.
Heat is used chemically to
convert biomass to bio-oil
Pyrolysis oil : is easy to store
and transportaion than solid
biomass material and can be
burned like petroleum to
generate electricity
Phenol oil : a chemical used
to make wood adhesives,
molded plastic and form
insulation wood adhesives
and used to glue together
poly wood and then
composite wood products

14. Biomass power plant

15. Biomass
High Heat
Boiler
Steam
Steam spins the
turbine blades
Turning Biomass into
Electricity
Rotating magnets
create electricity

16. Boiler
Steam Turbine

17. Advantages and disadvantages

18. Combustion v.s gasification
combustion
Main advantage
• Mature technology
• Low running cost
• Simple biomass pretreatment
Disadvantage
• Low efficiency at small scale
• single biomass fuel
• large investment
Application
• Large scale power generation
gasification
Advantage
• High efficiency at small scale
• Flexible in capacity
• Low investment
Disadvantage
• Complex equipment
• High maintenance cost
Applications
• Medium and small system
• Combined cycles , which combine gas
turbines and steam turbines to produce
electricity

19. Advantages of biomass
1-Biomass is perennial source of renewable energy and
it can be repeatedly grown and obtained as biomass.
2-Production of biomass not only gives fuels but it also
gives good quality organic manures which when used
in farms give bumper crops.
3-Methane gas produced from biomass is used as
domestic fuel in gas stoves.
4-Biomass is available everywhere and no needs of any
transportations.

20. Advantages of biomass
5-Methane gas can be used to run engines and generator
and electricity can generate.
6-The biomass can be grown in near by seas and lakes.
The lands can be spread for food crops.
7-I.C. Engines can be run on biogas produced from
biomass.
8-Biomass can be used for plastics and pharmaceutical
products.
9-Use of biomass keeps surroundings clean and healthy
without insects and pests.

21. Disadvantages of biomass
1-Biomass contains 50-90% water and it is heavy. Hence
transportation if needed is very difficult.
2-Direct combustion of biomass produces smokes and
smells.
3-Calorific value of biomass if burnt in the raw form is
very less.
4-Biogas plants need lots of care and maintenance for its
successful operations.
5-It is economical if raw biomass such as cow dung is not
freely available.

22. Disadvantages of biomass
6-Biomass conversion plants such as biogas are
necessary to convert raw biomass into useful energy
forms.
7-Biogas plants occupy larges land areas.
8-If the biomass is required to be transported over
long distances, the cost transportaion is very high.
9-Biogas plants can’t be used in urban areas where
the space availability is limited.

23. Economic benefits

24. Countries use biomass

25. Biomass plants around the world

26. Economic benefits
1-Minimizes cost involved with waste disposal
2-Can generate money for community
3-It provide job opportunity in rural areas
4-Power from biomass gasifier based plants are cheap in rural areas
5-Overall cost of installation, running, transmission, labor etc. per unit cost of
electricity is low.

27. conclusion
1- uses low cost waste materials
2- reduced dependence on foreign oil
3-convert biomass resources into liquid fuels and
gaseous fuels
4- recycling waste material