Gregor Mendel studied genetics through experiments with pea plants. He discovered that traits are passed down from parents, some traits are dominant and always appear while others are recessive and only appear if an organism inherits two recessive alleles. Dominant traits are represented with capital letters and recessive with lowercase. Organisms inherit two alleles for every gene, which can be homozygous dominant, heterozygous, or homozygous recessive. The phenotype is the physical description of a trait while the genotype describes it genetically. Letters are used to represent alleles but the specific letters do not matter as long as capital and lowercase distinguish dominant from recessive alleles.
This presentation is carrying all summary about the history of genetics that who discover genes which scientist work on it and there work summary of all these things is given here and it is very helpful for the students of genetics whether they are students of plant genetics or animals.
This presentation is carrying all summary about the history of genetics that who discover genes which scientist work on it and there work summary of all these things is given here and it is very helpful for the students of genetics whether they are students of plant genetics or animals.
Allelic and Non-allelic interactions : Complete dominance; Incomplete dominance-in Four O'clock plant, Mirabilis jalapa and Snapdragon, Antirrhinum majus ; Co-dominance- MN blood group, AB blood group, Roan coat colour in shorthorn breed of cattle; Inheritance of Comb pattern in Poultry; Epistasis -Dominant - Fruit colour in Summer squash, Recessive - Coat colour in mice; Complementary gene interaction -Purple flower colour in Sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus)
Introduction
About Drosophila
Genome of Drosophila
Life cycle
Differentiation
Development of Drosophila
* Embryonic development
* Dorsal -ventral and
* Anterior posterior development
* Body segmentation
* Homeotic gene
Conclusion
Reference
Allelic and Non-allelic interactions : Complete dominance; Incomplete dominance-in Four O'clock plant, Mirabilis jalapa and Snapdragon, Antirrhinum majus ; Co-dominance- MN blood group, AB blood group, Roan coat colour in shorthorn breed of cattle; Inheritance of Comb pattern in Poultry; Epistasis -Dominant - Fruit colour in Summer squash, Recessive - Coat colour in mice; Complementary gene interaction -Purple flower colour in Sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus)
Introduction
About Drosophila
Genome of Drosophila
Life cycle
Differentiation
Development of Drosophila
* Embryonic development
* Dorsal -ventral and
* Anterior posterior development
* Body segmentation
* Homeotic gene
Conclusion
Reference
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2. (1) Gregor Mendel
• Monk
• Studied genetics of pea plants.
• He noticed that:
– There were some traits which showed up all of
the time (dominant).
– There were some traits which showed up some
times (recessive).
– These traits are passed down from parents.
– You can’t tell just by looking at an organism,
which genes it has.
3.
4.
5. (2) Dominant + Recessive Traits
• Dominant Trait:
– These will ALWAYS SHOW UP if they are
present.
– Representation Capital Letters
• Recessive Trait:
– These will ONLY SHOW UP if the organism
inherited 2 together.
– Representation Lower Case Letters
6.
7. (3) Inheriting Traits
• You inherit 2 alleles for every gene.
– Gene = Chunk of DNA.
– Allele = Variation that chunk can come in.
• “Heterozygous” = You inherited 1-Dominant and
1-Recessive allele.
• “Homozygous” = You inherited 2 of the same
alleles.
– “Homozygous Dominant” = You inherited 2-Dominant
alleles.
– “Homozygous Recessive” = You inherited 2-Recessive
alleles
8.
9. (4) Ways to Describe Inheritance
• Phenotype:
– Physical Description.
– Examples:
• “White”
• “Brown”
• “White and Brown Spotted”
• Genotype:
– Genetic Description.
– Examples:
• AA or Homozygous Dominant
• Aa or Heterozygous
• aa or Homozygous Recessive
10.
11. (5) What’s With These Letters?
• The letters represent the alleles an organism can
inherit.
• You should choose letters with a different Capital
+ Lower Case appearance:
– A and a
– B and b
– Bad Life Choices: S and s, X and x, C and c
• Actual Letters DO NOT MATTER:
– Heterozygous needs to be: Capital + Lower
– Homozygous Dominant needs to be: 2 Capital
– Homozygous Recessive needs to be: 2 Lower
