This document discusses several non-Mendelian inheritance patterns including incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles, cytoplasmic inheritance, and genomic imprinting. It provides examples like red and white snapdragon crosses that produce pink flowers to illustrate intermediate inheritance. Dosage compensation and genomic imprinting modify nuclear genes or chromosomes during early development.

2. A general term that refers to any
pattern of inheritance in which traits do
not segregate in accordance with
Mendel’s laws.

4. A form of intermediate inheritance in
which one allele for a specific trait is not
completely dominant over the other allele.
This results in a combined phenotype.

5. A cross pollination between red and white snap dragon plants

7. A cross between organisms with two
different phenotypes produces offspring
with a third phenotype in which both of the
parental traits appear together.

8. Co-dominance in roan cattle color: white, redand mixed

10. A set of three or more alleles, or
alternative states of a gene, only two of
which can be present in a diploid
organism.

11. The ABO blood group

14. The genotype of mother directly
determines phenotype of offspring.
Explained by the accumulation of gene
products mother provides to developing
eggs

15. Dextral (D) is dominant to sinistral (d)

17. Modification occurs to a nuclear gene
or chromosome. This occurs during
spermatogenesis, oogenesis, and early
stages of embryogenesis

18.  Dosage Compensation: Males and
females of many species have different
numbers of certain sex chromosomes
 Genomic Imprinting: involves the
physical marking of a segment of DNA

19. Right: Dosage Compensation; Left: Genomic Imprinting

21. The transmission of genes that occur
outside the nucleus. It is found in most
eukaryotes and is commonly known to occur
in cytoplasmic organelles such as
mitochondria and chloroplasts or from cellular
parasites like viruses or bacteria

22. Pigmentation of Mirabilis jarapa