This document provides an introduction to evolution and natural selection. It explains that evolution is a change in allele frequencies over time, driven by genetic variation, environmental changes, and the struggle for existence. Natural selection leads to traits that aid survival and reproduction being passed on, potentially resulting in new species. While organisms cannot mutate fully formed body parts, small mutations over thousands of years can lead to new structures. Various events like natural selection, genetic drift, migration and geographic isolation can promote evolutionary changes in populations.