Biology, cytoplasm
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The cytoplasm is a jelly-like material that makes up the region between the cell membrane and nucleus. It consists mainly of cytosol, which is 90% water and contains dissolved molecules like sugars and proteins. Organelles like mitochondria and lysosomes are also found in the cytoplasm and carry out specialized functions. Inclusions containing stored nutrients or pigments may be present depending on the cell type. The cytoplasm is the site where most cell activities occur through its cytosol, organelles, and inclusions.
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Nucleus
The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells that was discovered in 1831. It contains the cell's genetic material and plays a key role in functions like DNA replication and protein synthesis. The nucleus has a double membrane structure and contains chromatin with DNA and histone proteins, as well as the nucleolus where ribosome biogenesis occurs. Transport of molecules into and out of the nucleus occurs through nuclear pore complexes in the membrane.
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm is a gel like fluid present between the plasma membrane and the nucleus
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The document summarizes key parts and functions of the nucleus. The nucleus contains nuclear membrane, nucleoplasm, chromatin, and nucleolus. It is surrounded by a double membrane nuclear envelope that contains pores allowing transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm. The nucleus controls all cell functions and carries hereditary material. It was discovered in 1831 and is present in all eukaryotic cells except mature red blood cells and phloem cells.
Structure and function of plasma membrane 2
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DEFINITION : STRUCTURE OF PLASMA MEMBRANE
COMPONENTS OF PLASMA MEMBRANE ( (BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES)
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PROTEINS
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CHOLESTEROL
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The cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance within cells that surrounds the organelles and nucleus. It is made up mostly of water along with molecules like enzymes, salts, and cytosol. The cytoplasm contains membrane-enclosed organelles that each perform specialized functions, as well as inclusions that store nutrients or waste. It aids many cellular functions like movement of materials, maintaining cell shape, and acting as a site for metabolic reactions like glycolysis.
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This PowerPoint, designed by East Stroudsburg University student Kristen O'Connor, is a PowerPoint designed for middle school science students on cell organelles.
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Similar to Biology, cytoplasm
PowerPoint Presentation
The cytoplasm is a jelly-like material that makes up the region between the cell membrane and nucleus. It contains cytosol, organelles, and inclusions. Cytosol is a solution of water, proteins, sugars, and dissolved gases that provides the environment for biochemical reactions. Organelles such as mitochondria, lysosomes, and chloroplasts carry out specialized functions. Inclusions are non-living substances like glycogen granules, lipid droplets, and pigments that cells store or secrete. The cytoplasm is the site where most cell activities occur.
Cell organells [autosaved]
This document summarizes several key cell organelles:
The cytoplasm contains organelles and allows cellular activities. Organelles include the cytosol, cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, peroxisomes, vacuoles, centrioles, and basal bodies. Mitochondria produce energy in the form of ATP and regulate the cell's metabolism. The endoplasmic reticulum packages and transports proteins while the lysosome contains enzymes to break down biomolecules.
Review Lecture MAJEC Unit 1 (PMC).pptx
This document provides an overview of cell structure and function, comparing key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, as well as plant and animal cells. It describes the structure and functions of major cell organelles including the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, vacuoles, and ribosomes. The roles of the cell wall, cytoskeleton, and fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane are also summarized.
ppt_bme
The document discusses the structure and function of cells. It describes the key compartments of cells including the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, cytoskeleton, and nucleus. The major functions of these compartments are transport of ions and molecules, metabolism of carbohydrates lipids and amino acids, energy production, synthesis of proteins and lipids, modification and sorting of proteins, cellular digestion, utilization of hydrogen peroxide, cell morphology and motility, and DNA synthesis and repair.
ppt of cell.pdf
The document discusses the structure and function of cells. It describes the key components of cells including the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, organelles like mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, cytoskeleton, and nucleus. The major functions of these components are transport of molecules, metabolism, energy production, synthesis of proteins and lipids, modification and sorting of proteins, cellular digestion, utilization of hydrogen peroxide, cell morphology and motility, and DNA synthesis and repair.
Anatomy of prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells with differences
A complete comprehensive details of functions and functional anatomy of prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells according to microbiology, biotechnology and pharmacy medicine
Cell Theory.pdf
The document discusses the fundamental unit of life - the cell. It describes the key components of cells including the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, organelles like mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, and cytoskeleton. It also discusses the nucleus. The main functions of these components are to transport ions and molecules, carry out metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids, produce energy, synthesize proteins and lipids, modify and sort proteins, aid in cellular digestion, utilize hydrogen peroxide, maintain cell morphology and enable cell motility, and facilitate DNA synthesis and repair.
Cell biology dc3
This document discusses cell biology and the structure and function of key cellular components. It begins by defining cell biology and describing the cell theory. It then discusses the structures and functions of the plasma membrane, including its fluid mosaic structure and role in transport. The document also describes the cytoplasm, its components like organelles and cytosol, and its functions in transport and biochemical reactions. The plasma membrane and cytoplasm are described as the basic structures that make up the cell and allow for its functions.
Cytoplam
The cytoplasm contains organelles, inclusions, and cytosol. Organelles include plastids, mitochondria, vacuoles, the endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus. Cytosol is the translucent fluid that makes up 70% of the cell and suspends these cytoplasmic elements. The cytoplasm functions as the site of glycolysis, signal transduction, cell metabolism, housing the cytoskeleton, and cell replication through the cell cycle. Ribosomes float freely in the cytoplasm, which may also be involved in cell expansion and turgidity in plants.
cellstructurefunction-190628175900.pdf
The document describes the structure and functions of the major components of the cell, including the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, organelles, cytoskeleton, and nucleus. It discusses how the plasma membrane regulates the passage of molecules in and out of the cell and links cells together. It explains that the cytoplasm contains cytosol and various organelles, such as mitochondria, which produce energy, and the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, which are involved in protein synthesis and modification. The nucleus contains the genetic material and controls gene expression. Overall, the document provides an overview of the basic constituents of the cell and their roles in important cellular processes.
Cell: Structure & Function
The document describes the structure and functions of the major components of the cell, including the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, organelles, cytoskeleton, and nucleus. It discusses how the plasma membrane regulates the passage of molecules in and out of the cell and links cells together. It explains that the cytoplasm contains cytosol and various organelles, such as mitochondria, which produce energy, and the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, which are involved in protein synthesis and modification. The nucleus contains the genetic material and controls gene expression. Overall, the document provides an overview of the basic constituents of the cell and their roles in important cellular processes.
cellstructurefunction-190628175900.pdf
The document describes the structure and functions of the major components of the cell, including the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, organelles, cytoskeleton, and nucleus. It discusses how the plasma membrane regulates the movement of molecules in and out of the cell. It explains that the mitochondria acts as the cell's powerhouse by producing energy through cellular respiration. The endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and peroxisomes are involved in synthesis and transport of proteins and lipids. The cytoskeleton maintains the cell's structure and allows for cell movement. Finally, the nucleus contains the genetic material and regulates gene expression.
Lesson 4 bio101 (c)Dr. Evangelista
The protoplast is composed of the nucleus and cytoplasm, which contains membrane-bound organelles. The cytoplasm includes the cytosol and endomembrane system. The endomembrane system is made up of the nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, vacuoles, and plasma membrane. It works to compartmentalize cellular processes. The protoplast also contains cytoskeletal elements like microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments that provide structure and enable cellular movement. Ribosomes are found throughout the cytoplasm and carry out protein synthesis.
Prokaryotic cell structure.pptx
Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles and have a cytoplasm containing ribosomes, plasmids, and a single circular chromosome. Ribosomes in prokaryotes are smaller than in eukaryotes and differ in composition. Some bacteria contain capsules or slimy glycoalyx layers that help with adhesion and pathogenicity. Flagella and fimbriae aid in motility and adhesion. Spores are resistant structures some bacteria form during unfavorable conditions. Bacteria metabolize nutrients extracellularly and use cellular respiration or fermentation to generate energy.
About the Cell & Physiology of the cell.
Physiology is the study of normal body functions and mechanisms. It covers the functions of various systems and organs. The key topics covered include general physiology, cardiovascular physiology, respiratory physiology, and more. At the cellular level, physiology examines the structure and functions of the cell, including the cell membrane, cytoplasm, organelles, nucleus, DNA, and gene expression. The basic unit of structure and function is the cell, which contains water, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and other components.
Cells as the living units of the body
Cells as the living units of the bodyDr. Alamzeb Associate professor ,HOD Physiology Saidu Medical College saidu Sharif Swat Pakistan
The document summarizes key concepts in cell physiology:
- Cells are the basic structural and functional units of the body and come in different types like muscle, nerve, and blood cells.
- Cells contain organelles like the nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and peroxisomes that allow different cellular functions.
- The cell membrane forms the boundary of the cell and is semi-permeable, regulating what enters and exits through integral and peripheral proteins as well as cholesterol.Cells as the living units of the body
Cells as the living units of the bodyDr. Alamzeb Associate professor ,HOD Physiology Saidu Medical College saidu Sharif Swat Pakistan
This document summarizes key aspects of cell physiology:
- Cells are the basic structural and functional units of the body and come in many types like muscle, nerve, and blood cells.
- The cell membrane encloses the cell and regulates what enters and exits. It is made of lipids and proteins arranged in a bilayer.
- Organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and peroxisomes perform specialized functions inside the cell.
- Mitochondria generate energy for cells through cellular respiration. The endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus help synthesize and transport proteins and lipids.cell,subcellular organelles,and transport
Cell membranes contain proteins that transport molecules across the membrane. Simple diffusion allows small, nonpolar molecules to pass through, while protein channels called ion channels rapidly transport ions down their concentration gradients. Carrier proteins also transport molecules via facilitated diffusion or active transport. Facilitated diffusion uses carrier proteins to transport molecules down their concentration gradients without direct input of energy. Active transport transports molecules against their gradients by carrier proteins that change conformation in an energy-requiring process.
CELL FEATURES presentation.pptx andrew.pptx
Cells have several key features that allow them to carry out essential functions. These include a cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and various organelles. Plant and animal cells share many structures but plant cells also contain chloroplasts. Cells reproduce, metabolize, maintain homeostasis, pass on hereditary information, respond to stimuli, grow and develop, and evolve adaptations. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ in their structures, with eukaryotes generally being larger and containing membrane-bound organelles.
Cell structure slideshare.pptx Unlocking the Secrets of Cells: Structure, Fun...
Dive into the intricate world of cells with our detailed Slideshare presentation. This educational resource is designed to provide a thorough understanding of cells, the fundamental building blocks of all living organisms. Ideal for students, educators, and biology enthusiasts, this presentation covers:
Introduction to Cell Theory: Discover the historical development of cell theory and its significance in modern biology.
Types of Cells: Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, highlighting their unique features and functions.
Cell Organelles and Their Functions: Explore the various organelles within a cell, such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and more, each described with their specific roles.
Cell Membrane Structure and Function: Learn about the composition and function of the cell membrane, including its role in regulating the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
Cell Division and Reproduction: Understand the processes of mitosis and meiosis, key to cellular replication and genetic diversity.
Specialized Cells: Investigate the diversity of cell types, including muscle cells, nerve cells, and blood cells, and their specialized functions in multicellular organisms.
Interactive Diagrams and Visual Aids: Engage with detailed diagrams and illustrations that clarify complex concepts and enhance learning.Introduction to Cell Theory: Discover the historical development of cell theory and its significance in modern biology.
Types of Cells: Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, highlighting their unique features and functions.
Cell Organelles and Their Functions: Explore the various organelles within a cell, such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and more, each described with their specific roles.
Cell Membrane Structure and Function: Learn about the composition and function of the cell membrane, including its role in regulating the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
Cell Division and Reproduction: Understand the processes of mitosis and meiosis, key to cellular replication and genetic diversity.
Specialized Cells: Investigate the diversity of cell types, including muscle cells, nerve cells, and blood cells, and their specialized functions in multicellular organisms.
Interactive Diagrams and Visual Aids: Engage with detailed diagrams and illustrations that clarify complex concepts and enhance learning.
This Slideshare presentation is a valuable educational tool, offering clear explanations and engaging visuals to help you grasp the essential concepts of cellular biology. Whether preparing for exams, teaching a class, or simply exploring the microscopic foundations of life, this resource provides a comprehensive overview of the fascinating world of cells. Explore the fascinating world of cells with our comprehensive SlideShare presentation. This educational resource delves into the fundamental unit of life,
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Anatomy of prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells with differences
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Biology, cytoplasm
- 2. What is cytoplasm ? The cytoplasm is a jelly like material which is mostly made out of water site where most cell activities are carried out a mandatory part of the cells attached between the plasma membrane and the nucleus, divided into : cytosol(the main substance of the cytoplasm), organelles(the permanent component of the cytoplasm) and inclusion(the time components of the cytoplasm).
- 3. Consists of : -Cytosol (Hyaloplasm) the main substance of the cytoplasm colorless, slimy, thick and transparent colloidal solution a) 90% of water and solutes eg : Sugar, amino acids, enzymes, fatty acids, nucleotides, ATP and dissolved gases. b) large molecules eg : Proteins which form colloids c) microfilament and microtubules d) site for many biochemical reactions
- 6. Picture of cytosol, showing microtubules (light blue), actin filaments (dark blue), ribosomes (yellow and purple), soluble proteins (light blue), kinesin (red), small molecules (white) and RNA (pink).