DNA sequencing is a technique that provides a detailed analysis of the structure of DNA and consists of a set of techniques and biochemical methods that allow us to determine the sequence of nucleotides (A, C, G, and T) analysis is DNA. In the mid-1970s happened a revolution in technology for identifying DNA sequence. In 1977 was published the complete nucleotide sequence of a viral genome (φ X174, 5375 nucleotides long). This milestone in molecular biology occurred in the laboratory of Frederick Sanger, who identified the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide (insulin) 25 years earlier. Bioinformatics is the application of computer technology to information in molecular biology, encompassing aspects of the acquisition, processing, distribution, analysis, interpretation and integration of biological information. There are several databases that organize information and they are often used, which are presented in the following bioinformatics centers: GenBank (NCBI) and BOLD Systems The NCBI database (established in 1988) has a public database, with three components. Creating databases (store biological data), development of algorithms and statistics to determine relationships between databases, and use these tools to analyze and interpret various types of biological data (sequences of DNA, RNA, protein, protein structure, gene expression, biochemical pathways) The Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) is an informatics workbench aiding the acquisition, storage, analysis, and publication of DNA barcode records. By assembling molecular, morphological, and distributional data, it bridges a traditional bioinformatics chasm. BOLD is freely available to any researcher with interests in DNA barcoding. By providing specialized services, it aids the assembly of records that meet the standards needed to gain BARCODE designation in the global sequence databases. Because of its web-based delivery and flexible data security model, it is also well positioned to support projects that involve broad research alliances.

1. BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSIS OF
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCES
Members:
• Avellaneda Vergara Adrian Gustavo
• Yarasca Cerna Withney Aracely
• Zegarra Aguinaga Janeth Alexandra
• Farfan Hernandez Kevin Jhonny
• Graham Angeles Laura Andrea

2. INTRODUCTION
• DNA sequencing is a technique that provides a detailed analysis of the structure of DNA and
consists of a set of techniques and biochemical methods that allow us to determine the
sequence of nucleotides (A, C, G, and T) analysis is DNA.
• In the mid-1970s happened a revolution in technology for identifying DNA sequence. In
1977 was published the complete nucleotide sequence of a viral genome (φ X174, 5375
nucleotides long). This milestone in molecular biology occurred in the laboratory of
Frederick Sanger, who identified the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide (insulin) 25
years earlier.
• Bioinformatics is the application of computer technology to information in molecular
biology, encompassing aspects of the acquisition, processing, distribution, analysis,
interpretation and integration of biological information. There are several databases that
organize information and they are often used, which are presented in the following
bioinformatics centers: GenBank (NCBI) and BOLD Systems

3. • The NCBI database (established in 1988) has a public database, with three components.
Creating databases (store biological data), development of algorithms and statistics to
determine relationships between databases, and use these tools to analyze and interpret
various types of biological data (sequences of DNA, RNA, protein, protein structure, gene
expression, biochemical pathways)
• The Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) is an informatics workbench aiding the
acquisition, storage, analysis, and publication of DNA barcode records. By assembling
molecular, morphological, and distributional data, it bridges a traditional bioinformatics
chasm. BOLD is freely available to any researcher with interests in DNA barcoding. By
providing specialized services, it aids the assembly of records that meet the standards
needed to gain BARCODE designation in the global sequence databases. Because of its web-based
delivery and flexible data security model, it is also well positioned to support projects
that involve broad research alliances.

4. PROCEDURE
(SCREENSHOTS)

5. To do the analysis of nucleotides we must follow many steps.
STEP 1

7. STEP 2
Then we have to go to Edit > reverse + complement

9. STEP 3

11. STEP 4

13. STEP 5
• We still in the same sequence, but we are modifying other parts.

15. STEP 6

17. STEP 7

19. STEP 8

21. STEP 9

23. STEP 10
• After saved all our sequences in the notepad we have to go to BioEdit
program.

25. STEP 11

27. STEP 12

29. STEP 13
• Then we must create the consensus sequence, so we go to the
option aligment

31. STEP 14
• We get the consensus sequence and the differtens between some
nucleotides

33. STEP 15

35. STEP 16
• Finally we have all the step to do the research of our specie in the
different data bases that exist (NCBI & BOLDsystem)

37. STEP 17

39. STEP 18

41. STEP 19
• Then we have our result…

43. STEP 20
• Whit this information we find out which kind of living beings is.

45. STEP 21
• Here we have all the possibilities for our specie.

47. STEP 22

49. STEP 23
• After foud all the information about our specie we must go to
BOLDsystem to get detailed information

51. STEP 24

53. STEP 25

55. STEP 26

57. STEP 27
Then we select, in this case 20, differet sequences that are similar
with our consensu sequence. We can see the similarity in the ítem
IDENT that is in red.

59. STEP 28

61. STEP 29
• Then we go to NotePad

63. STEP 30

65. STEP 31
Then open the BioEdit program with the other nucleotides
sequences

67. STEP 32

69. STEP 33

71. STEP 34

73. STEP 35

75. STEP 36

77. STEP 37

79. STEP 38

81. STEP 39

83. STEP 40

85. STEP 41

87. STEP 42

89. STEP 43

91. STEP 44

93. STEP 45

95. STEP 46

97. STEP 47

99. STEP 48

101. STEP 49

103. STEP 50

105. • The Analysis of result and the conclusions are in the other file because is too long.