Biofeedback is a tool that helps patients learn relaxation by electronically monitoring muscle tension, heart rate, and blood pressure. It consists of three main components: transducer, signal processor, and display, and is used for various conditions, including neurological and musculoskeletal issues. While it has advantages such as motivating patients and promoting gradual changes, disadvantages include potential pain, expense, and risk of infection.

1. BIOFEEDBACK
By
Uma Maheshwari J

2. Introduction
Biofeedback is a tool to help a patient to learn and practice the process of
relaxation.
 if a patient is trained well can electronically monitor and reduce the muscle
tension as well as heart rate and blood pressure through the biofeedback
instrument.
 It also a useful means to help a patient learn how to activate a muscle rather
than relax it.

3. Principle
 The principle of the biofeedback is based
on MOTOR LEARNING.
 A set processes associated With practice or
experience leading to permanent changes
in capability for producing skilled action.

4. Biofeedback equipment
 Biofeedback has 3 essential components
1. Transducer/Detector
 It can be a pair of electrodes or pressure or temperature transducer
 It detects mainor physiological variables
. Such as Blood flow
Heart rate
Electrical activitys

5. Biofeedback essential components
2. Signal processor
 It amplifies filter the signal and convert it into useful form which can be
displayed and
explained to the patient.
3.Display
 It is used to display the processed signals that can be visual,audible or both.

6. Types of biofeedback
1. Electromyograpy
2. Feedback thermometer
3. Feedback goniometer
4. Electrocardiogram
5. Capnometer

7. Indications
 Neurological conditions
1. Stroke
2. Rehabilitation muscle re education
3. Balance Traning
 Musculoskeletal conditions
1. Chronic backpain
2. Muscle strain
3. Muscle strengthening

8. Contraindications
 Unhealed tendon grafts
 Dermatological conditions like dermatitis.
 Allergy to electrode material or gel .
 Patients unable to follow and execute commands.

9. Advantages and Disadvantages
ADVANTAGES
 Encourages and motivate the patient.
 Allows small changes in correct direction and gradually build up into larger
changes.
 It is useful when the patient has wrong perception of what they are doing
which can be altered.
DISADVANTAGES
 It can be painful and expensive procedure.
 Can cause infection.