Russian current is a medium-frequency current delivered in bursts at 2500 Hz. It produces strong muscle contractions through synchronous motor nerve depolarization. Key characteristics include a carrier frequency of 2500 Hz, burst frequency of 50 Hz, burst duration of 10 ms, and a 10/50/10 training protocol. Russian current is indicated for muscle strengthening, reducing muscle spasm and edema, such as following knee ligament injuries or surgery.
a detailed description on theory behind Strength duration curve, along with procedure for plotting SD Curve and measuring the Rheobase and Chronaxie of the plotted graph.
Rebox electrotherapeutic method is based on non-invasive transcutaneous application of specific electric currents to a living tissue. Main indications for using the Rebox include treatment of acute and chronic pain, immobility, musculoskeletal and neurological disorders and oedema.
a detailed description on theory behind Strength duration curve, along with procedure for plotting SD Curve and measuring the Rheobase and Chronaxie of the plotted graph.
Rebox electrotherapeutic method is based on non-invasive transcutaneous application of specific electric currents to a living tissue. Main indications for using the Rebox include treatment of acute and chronic pain, immobility, musculoskeletal and neurological disorders and oedema.
Joint mobilization refers to a technique of manual therapy by which a therapist applies a brief stretch of 30s or less through traction and gliding along a joint surface.
Joint mobilization refers to a technique of manual therapy by which a therapist applies a brief stretch of 30s or less through traction and gliding along a joint surface.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
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Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
3. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After this session, the students will be able to:
Define Russian current.
Enumerate the characteristics and
Physiological effects of Russian current.
Enlist the indications and contraindications of
Russian current.
4. INTRODUCTION
1977 Yakov Kots (Russian physiologist)
It is basically a medium-frequency current
It is an intermittent alternating sinusoidal current with a carrier frequency of
2500 Hz.
Russian Current is a sinusoidal waveform, delivered in bursts or series of
pulses.
Hence, it is known as medium frequency, burst alternating current.
5. CHARACTERISTICS
Carrier Frequency
Waveform
Current Amplitude
Bursts Frequency
Burst Duration
On / Off Ratio
Duty Cycle
Ramp Up & Down
Training protocol
Duration & Frequency of Treatment
Electrode Placement
Time Delay switch
6. CHARACTERISTICS
Carrier Frequency: 2500Hz ( 2.5 KHz).
Waveform: Polyphasic sinusoidal waveform.
Current Amplitude: The maximum current amplitude is 100mA. Clinical used at 70mA.
Bursts Frequency: 50 Hz.
Burst Duration: 10ms
7. CHARACTERISTICS
On/Off Ratio : The on : off ratio is defined as the ratio of the time during which there is
stimulation (contraction) to the time during which there is no stimulation (no contraction). Set
as 10ms:10ms
Duty cycle : Duty cycle is the proportion of on time to the summation of both the on and off time
expressed as percentages. For example 10:10 sets up a duty cycle of =10/ (10+10)x 100= 50%.
Russian current produced with duty cycle of 50%.
Ramp-Up and Down: Setting the ramp time is very important to evoked contraction similar to
muscle contraction. As the ramp allows gradual increase of intensity with associated gradually
increase of muscle contraction. Set for 1-2 seconds
8. CHARACTERISTICS
Training protocol with Russian current: The widely and most popular clinical protocol used with Russian
current is (10/50/10), which is
10 =Muscle contractions, lasting for 10 seconds
50= off time (no contraction) for 50 seconds
10=cycle repeated for 10 times
Duration and frequency of treatment: The recommended duration of treatment is 10 minutes, once daily
per week for several weeks (3-6months)
Electrode placement: Arranged parallel to the direction of muscle fibers so that it is at the estimated line
of pull of the muscle.
Time delay switch: Synchronous mode (both channels triggered simultaneously- achieved by not setting
time delay.). Reciprocal mode (channel 1 is on then channel 2 is off – achieved by setting time delay
equal to time of channel 1.). Overlapping mode (channel 2 overlaps with on time and off time of
channel 1- achieved by setting time delay more than 1 sec but less than on time of channel 1.)
9.
10.
11. PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
The net physiologic effects depends on
▪ The total number of bursts delivered per second.
▪ Russian current has a capacity to depolarized :
– Sensory nerve fibers Moderate prickling sensation,
– Motor nerve fibers Tetanic Muscle contraction
▪ This contraction is
▪ Painless due to sensory nerve blocked of pain gate
▪ Allow use of high amplitude
▪ Contraction Stronger than those generated by voluntary control (Voluntary contraction –
motor units recruited asynchronously while in electrically evoked muscle contraction –
motor units fire synchronously.)
12. PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Medium frequency modulated sinusoidal current
Depolarization of sensory and motor nerve fibers. Synchronously, motor nerve depolarization induce
activation of fast type II motor units
High level electrically evoked muscular contraction
Contraction against external load
Muscle strengthening
13. Therapeutic effects / Protocol
▪ TO IMPROVE MUSCLE
STRENGTH
Amplitude: Tetanic muscle
contraction.
Pulse rate (Burst freq): 50-70
Hz
Pulse duration: 150 -200 µs
Apply current during volitional
– isometrics in different ROM, slow
speed isokinetic and short arc
movements
(10/50/10 – rule applied)
▪ TO REDUCE MUSCLE SPASM
Amplitude: tetanic muscle
contraction up to patients
tolerance.
Pulse rate (Burst freq): 50-70
Hz
Pulse duration: 50 -175 µs
Stimulation is applied to provide
brief isometric contractions
(on time – 5-12 secs and off – 8-
15 secs)
TO REDUCE OEDEMA (DUE TO
LACK OF MUSCLE
CONTRACTION)
Amplitude : small visible muscle
contraction.
Pulse rate (Burst freq): 35-50 Hz
Pulse duration: around 400 µs
On:Off Time: An on time of 1-2
secs and an off time of 1-2 secs –
promote muscle pumping
Treatment time: 10-15
mins/session (can be used more than
once a day)
14. INDICATIONS & CONTRAINDICATIONS
INDICATIONS
▪ The only indication for use of Russian
current as introduced by Kots in 1977
, is to strengthening the muscular
system of healthy and athletic persons
▪ Post-knee ligaments surgery
▪ Post arthroscopic knee surgery
▪ Following ligament sprain (↑ quads
force during immobilization)
▪ Post casting
▪ Muscle spasm
CONTRAINDICATIONS
▪ Over the anterior cervical area
▪ Over the lumbar or abdominal area
during pregnant
▪ Over hemorrhagic area
▪ Over neoplastic area
▪ Over metallic and electronic implant
▪ Over area of impaired skin sensation
15. SUMMARIZE
▪ 2500 Hz evenly alternating Medium Frequency current
▪ Applied as a series of burst .
▪ Physiological effects & Therapeutic effects
▪ Indications & Contraindications
CURRENT AMPLITUDE: ? ON-OFF RATIO: ? TRAINING PROTOCOL: ?
BURST FREQUENCY: ? DUTY CYCLE: ? DURATION & FREQUENCY: ?
BURST DURATION: ? RAMP UP-DOWN: ? ELECTRODE PLACEMENT: ?
16. CURRENT AMPLITUDE:
70 mA
ON-OFF RATIO:
10ms : 10ms
TRAINING PROTOCOL:
10 /50 /10
BURST FREQUENCY:
50 Hz
DUTY CYCLE:
50%
DURATION & FREQUENCY:
10 mins daily (3-6 months)
BURST DURATION:
10 ms
RAMP UP-DOWN:
1-2 sec
ELECTRODE PLACEMENT:
Parallel to muscle fibre
17. References
▪ Electrotherapy explained – Low & Reed (4th ed)
▪ Electrotherapy Simplified – Nanda (1st ed)
▪ Physical agents in Rehabilitation – Cameron (4th ed)
▪ Textbook of Electrotherapy – Jagmohan Singh (2nd ed)
▪ Physical agents in PT (Biophysics & Therapeutic electricity) - Solomen (1st ed)
▪ Handbook of practical electrotherapy – Mitra (1st ed)
▪ Clinical electrophysiology - Andrew Robinson (3rd ed)
▪ Russian current and Burst mode alternating current – Tim Watson (Electrotherapy on
the web.)
▪ www.scribd.com