Biodiversity conservation is important as the Earth is home to millions of plant and animal species. Biodiversity can be conserved through both in-situ and ex-situ methods. In-situ conservation involves protecting habitats and ecosystems within protected areas like national parks, sanctuaries, biosphere reserves, and sacred forests. Ex-situ conservation involves protecting species outside their natural habitats in facilities like seed banks, gene banks, tissue culture banks, zoos, and botanical gardens. With increasing threats from habitat loss, poaching, and human-wildlife conflict, both in-situ and ex-situ conservation efforts are needed to prevent the extinction of endangered species and maintain Earth's biodiversity.
Dis presentation is fr both a novice nd a master. Dis presentation tells u abt wat is In Situ nd Ex Situ Conservation, their Merits nd Demerits in a minimal of 5 slides........ Have a look.
Why and how do we evaluate ecosystems, Nature is the source of much value to us every day, and yet it mostly bypasses markets, escapes pricing and defies valuation. This lack of valuation is an underlying cause for ecological degradation and loss of biodiversity. Globally, efforts are being made to assess impact of conservation or degradation of ecological resources and a new term Green Gross Domestic Product (GGDP) has also been coined to reflect the same.
Dis presentation is fr both a novice nd a master. Dis presentation tells u abt wat is In Situ nd Ex Situ Conservation, their Merits nd Demerits in a minimal of 5 slides........ Have a look.
Why and how do we evaluate ecosystems, Nature is the source of much value to us every day, and yet it mostly bypasses markets, escapes pricing and defies valuation. This lack of valuation is an underlying cause for ecological degradation and loss of biodiversity. Globally, efforts are being made to assess impact of conservation or degradation of ecological resources and a new term Green Gross Domestic Product (GGDP) has also been coined to reflect the same.
Benefits of biodiversity includes direct, indirect consumptive use values, productive usevalues, social value, ethical and moral values, aesthetic value, option and environmental services, cultural and spiritual values are covered in this presentation.
Biodiversity
valves of biodiversity
threats to biodiversity
conservation of biodiversity
Environment
conservation of biodiversity
types of biodiversity
threats to biodiversity
Ecosystem Services for Biodiversity Conservation: Study of Corbett India Water Portal
Traditionally, the only market economic values Protected Areas recognised are tourism revenues and income from extractive activities.The difficulty in quantifying many of the economic, social, environmental and cultural values of protected areas lead to their undervaluation in land and resource use decisions
It is often perceived to be more profitable to convert a natural ecosystem than to leave it intact. A study of Corbett National Park shows indirect benefits like carbon storage and direct benefits like tourism.
Benefits of biodiversity includes direct, indirect consumptive use values, productive usevalues, social value, ethical and moral values, aesthetic value, option and environmental services, cultural and spiritual values are covered in this presentation.
Biodiversity
valves of biodiversity
threats to biodiversity
conservation of biodiversity
Environment
conservation of biodiversity
types of biodiversity
threats to biodiversity
Ecosystem Services for Biodiversity Conservation: Study of Corbett India Water Portal
Traditionally, the only market economic values Protected Areas recognised are tourism revenues and income from extractive activities.The difficulty in quantifying many of the economic, social, environmental and cultural values of protected areas lead to their undervaluation in land and resource use decisions
It is often perceived to be more profitable to convert a natural ecosystem than to leave it intact. A study of Corbett National Park shows indirect benefits like carbon storage and direct benefits like tourism.
Biodiversity and its Conservation methodsNishat Fatima
Biodiversity describes the richness and variety of life on earth. It is the most complex and important feature of our planet. Without biodiversity, life would not sustain.
Biodiversity holds ecological and economic significance. It provides us with nourishment, housing, fuel, clothing and several other resources. It also extracts monetary benefits through tourism. Therefore, it is very important to have a good knowledge of biodiversity for a sustainable livelihood.
Biodiversity:
Biodiversity is the variety and differences among living organisms from all sources ,including terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic ecosystem sand the ecological complexes of which they area part.
It contains following details:
Biodiversity
Levels or types of Biodiversity
Values of Biodiversity
Hotspots of Biodiversity
Criteria of Determining Hotspots
Threats to Biodiversity
Conservation of Biodiversity
In situ Conservation
Ex situ Conservation
Importance of Biodiversity
Biodiversity classification, Biological Hotspots,
Importance of Biodiversity,
Threats to Biodiversity,
Endangered & Endemic species of India,
Conservation of Biodiversity.
awareness of wild fauna and flora, value of forest, endangered species, causes for wild life depletion, human-wildlife conflict, deforestation, wild-life conservation, wild-life sanctuaries, national park, afforestation, save tree, save forest, save earth, save wild-life
here you can get a common knowledge about forests and wildlife about its depletion consequences and conservation a basic knowledge about India's wildlife and government programmes
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
2. Disclaimer:
Inpreparationoftheseslides,materialshavebeentakenfromdifferentonline
sources in the shape of books, websites, research papers and presentations
etc. However, the author does not have any intention to take any benefit of
these in her/his own name. This lecture is prepared and delivered only for
educational purposes and is not intended to infringe upon the copyrighted
material. Sources have been acknowledged where applicable. The views
expressed are presenter’s alone and do not necessarily represent actual
author(s)ortheinstitution.
3. Biodiversity
Biodiversity is the variety and differences among
living organisms from all sources ,including
terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic ecosystem.
𝗈 It Is virtually synonymous with “Life on earth”.
𝗈 Biologists most often define "biological diversity“ or
“biodiversity“ as the "totality of genes, species, and
ecosystems of a region".
𝗈 The biodiversity found on Earth today consists of
many millions of distinct biological species, which is
the product of nearly 3.5billion years of evolution.
4. Levels or Types of
Biodiversity
𝗈 Community and
Ecosystem diversity
(different habitats, niches, species
interactions)
𝗈 Species diversity
(different kinds of organisms,
relationships among species)
𝗈 Genetic diversity
(different genes & combinations of
genes within populations)
5. Community and Ecosystem diversity:
𝗈 Ecosystem diversity refers to the diversity of a place at
the level of ecosystems. This has 3 perspectives:
𝗈 Alpha Diversity: Within community diversity. Alpha
diversity refers to the diversity of organisms sharing the
same C ommunity /Habitat.
𝗈 Beta Diversity: Between community diversity. It refers to
the diversity of organisms sharing two habitat.
𝗈 Gamma Diversity: Diversity of the habitat over the total
landscape or geographical area is called gamma diversity
Temperate Rain forest Tropical rain forest
6. Species diversity:
𝗈 It refers to the variety of species with in a region.
𝗈 Species diversity is an index that in corporates
the number of species in an area and also their
relative abundance.
𝗈 It is generally a much more useful value than
species richness.
7. Genetic Diversity:
𝗈 It is a level of biodiversity that refers
to the total number of genetic
characteristics in the genetic make up
of a species.
𝗈 It is distinguished from genetic
variability, which describes the
tendency of genetic characteristics to
vary.
8. Values of Biodivesity
Food:
𝗈 About 80,000 edible plants and about 90% of present day food
crops have been domesticated from wild.
Drugs & Medicines:
𝗈 About 75% of world’s population depend on plants and
plants extracts.
Fuel:
𝗈 Forests have been used since ages for fuel wood. Fossil fuels
are also products of Biodiversity.
Social Value:
𝗈 Many of the plants like Tulsi, Lotus, Peepal etc are
considered holy and sacred.
𝗈 About 2.1 million species have been identified till date, while
many more species are believed to exist.
𝗈
9. Hot-spots of Biodiversity
𝗈 A biodiversity hotspot is a biogeography region with a
significant reservoir of biodiversity that is threatened
with destruction.
𝗈 An area is designated as a hotspot when it contains atleast
0.5% of plant species as endemic.
𝗈 There are 25 such hotspots of biodiversity on a global
level.
𝗈 These hotspots covering less than2% of the world’s land
area are found to have about 50% of the terrestrial
biodiversity
10. Criteria for determining hot-spots:
𝗈
𝗈
𝗈
𝗈
𝗈
𝗈
No. of Endemic Species i.e. the species which are found no
where else.
Degree of threat, which is measured in terms of Habitat loss.
Indo-Burma (Eastern Himalayas) Hotspot:
The hotspot includes all of Cambodia, Vietnam & Laos, and
nearly the entire areas of Thailand, Myanmar & Bhutan as
well as part of Nepal, far eastern India and extreme southern
China
In addition, it covers several off shore Island including Main
an Islands in the south China Sea and And adoman & Nicobar
Islands in Indian Ocean.
Indo Burma is one of the most threatened biodiversity
hotspots, due to the rate of resource exploitation and habitat
loss.
11. Threats to Biodiversity
𝗈 Extinction is a natural event and, from a geological
perspective, routine.
𝗈 In last century, human impact has been so severe that
thousands of species and varieties are becoming extinct
annually.
𝗈 Some of the main causes are:
Habitat loss, degradation, fragmentation:
𝗈 Habitat loss & degradation are major causes of species
extinction, affecting 89% of all threatened birds, 83% of
mammals & 91% of all threatened plants assessed
globally(IUCN,2000)
𝗈 The main causes of habitat are agriculture activities,
Mining, development of human settlement, industry etc.
12. Poaching of Wildlife:
𝗈 Poaching is another threat that has emerged in
recent decades as one of the primary reason for
decline in number of species.
𝗈 Wildlife is sold and traded in many countries for
live specimens, folk medicines, furs, Skin, and
other products such as Ivory, horns etc
amounting to millions of dollars.
Man –wildlife conflicts:
𝗈 The conflict between man and wildlife started
with the evolution of man, but intensity increased
due to the activities of modern man
𝗈 Due to the lack of stable food and disruption of
movement, wild animals came out of forest area
and attack the agricultural field and humans and
in turn got killed by the humans.
13. 𝗈 According to The International Union of Conservation of Nature and Natural
Resources (IUCN), the species that considered in imminent danger of
extinction and whose survival is unlikely, if factors causing their decline
continue to operate.
Indian subcontinent has about 62% endemic flora, restricted mainly to
Himalayas, khasi Hills & Western Ghats.
A large number out of a total of 81,000 species of animals in our country is
endemic. About 62% amphibians and 50% lizards are endemic to western
Ghats.
Endangered Species:
14. CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY:-
Conservation refers to management of human activities in the environment. So, that it does not
lead to habitual destruction and loss of biodiversity.
• To preserve and protect the species of their habitat.
• To maintain essential ecological process. So that there is no ecological imbalance created.
• To use the species and ecosystem sustainably without exploiting them.
• The creation of natural parks, sanctuaries biosphere reverses etc., to preserve flora and
fauna.
• Conservation of genetic biodiversity by establishing zoo’s botanical gardens, nurseries etc.,
• Proper planning of land use and other natural resources affecting the biodiversity.
• By prohibiting of hunting, poaching of animals, fishing etc., beyond the productive capacity of
ecosystem.
15. THERE ARE TWO APPROACHES OF BIODIVERSITY
CONSERVATION:-
• In-situ conservation[With in habitat]:-
•This is achieved by protection of wild flora and fauna in nature itself.
Example:- biosphere reserves, national parks, sanctuaries reserve forest.
• Ex-situ conservation[outside habitats] :-
• This is done by establishing of gene banks, seed banks, zoo, botanical gardens,
culture correction etc.,
16.
17. IN-SITU CONSERVATION
1. NATIONAL PARKS:
• A national park is an area which is strictly reserved for the
betterment of the wildlife and where activities like forestry,
grazing on cultivation are not permitted. In these parks,
even private ownership rights are not allowed.
• Their boundaries are well marked and circumscribed. They
are usually small reserves spreading in an area of 100 Sq.
km. to 500 sq. km. In national parks, the emphasis is on the
preservation of a single plant or animal species.
18. IN-SITU CONSERVATION
2. WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES:
• A sanctuary is a protected area which is reserved for the
conservation of only animals and human activities like
harvesting of timber, collecting minor forest products and
private ownership rights are allowed as long as they do not
interfere with well-being of animals.
• Boundaries of sanctuaries are not well defined and
controlled biotic interference is permitted, e.g., tourist
activity.
19. IN-SITU CONSERVATION
3. BIOSPHERE RESERVES:
• It is a special category of protected areas where human
population also forms a part of the system. They are large
protected area of usually more than 5000 sq.km.
• A biosphere reserves has 3 parts-
Core,
Buffer
Transition zone.
20. IN-SITU CONSERVATION
4. SCARED FOREST AREAS:
• India and Africa has a history of religious/cultural traditions that
emphasized protection of nature.
• In many cultures, tracts of forest were set aside, and all the trees and
wildlife within were venerated and given total protection.
• Such sacred groves are found in Khasi and Jaintia Hills in
Meghalaya, Aravalli Hills of Rajasthan, Western Ghat regions of
Karnataka and Maharashtra and the Sarguja, Chanda and Bastar
areas of Madhya Pradesh.
• In Meghalaya, the sacred groves are the last refuges for a large number
of rare and threatened plants.
21. EX-SITU CONSERVATION
1. SEED GENE BANK:
• These are cold storages where seeds are kept under
controlled temperature and humidity for storage and this is
easiest way to store the germ plasma of plants at low
temperature. Seeds preserved under controlled conditions
(minus temperature) remain viable for long durations of
time.
22. EX-SITU CONSERVATION
2. GENE BANK:
• Genetic variability also is preserved by gene bank under
normal growing conditions. These are cold storages where
germ are kept under controlled temperature and humidity
for storage; this is an important way of preserving the
genetic resources.
23. EX-SITU CONSERVATION
3. TISSUE CULTURE BANK:
• Cryopreservation of disease free meristems is very helpful.
Long term culture of excised roots and shoots are
maintained. Meristem culture is very popular in plant
propagation as it’s a virus and disease free method of
multiplication.
24. EX-SITU CONSERVATION
4. BOTANICAL GARDENS:
• A botanical garden is a place where flowers, fruits and
vegetables are grown. The botanical gardens provide beauty
and calm environment. Most of them have started keeping
exotic plants for educational and research purposes.
25. EX-SITU CONSERVATION
5. ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS:
• In zoos wild animals are maintained in captivity and conservation of
wild animals (rare, endangered species). The oldest zoo, the
Schonbrum zoo which exists today also, was established in VIENNA in
1759.
• In world there are about 800 zoos. Such zoos have about 3000 species
of vertebrates. Some zoos have undertaken captive breeding
programmes.
26. Why should we protect biodiversity?
Reasons to protect Biodiversity
1. Medicinal
2. Agricultural
3. Commercial
4. Ecological
5. Ethical/Aesthetic
𝗈 Medicinal: 40% of modern medicines come from
plants/animals/fungi, 95% of known plant species
have never been tested for medicinal value
27. 𝗈
Why Biodiversity is Important?
The natural environment is the source of all our resources for life.
Environmental processes provide a wealth of services to the living world —
providing us with air to breathe, water to drink and food to eat, as well as
materials to use in our daily lives and natural beauty to enjoy.
Complex ecosystems with a wide variety of plants and animals tend to be
more stable. A highly diverse ecosystem is a sign of a healthy system. Since all the
living world relies on the natural environment, especially us, it is in our best
interests and the interests of future generations to conserve biodiversity and our
resources. The benefits and services provided by ecosystems include:
𝗈
𝗈
𝗈
𝗈
𝗈
𝗈
𝗈
𝗈
𝗈
𝗈
𝗈
𝗈
𝗈
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Generation of soils
Maintenance of soil quality
Maintenance of air quality
Maintenance of water quality
Pest control
Detoxification and decomposition of wastes
Pollination
Crop production
Climate stabilization
Prevention and mitigation of natural disasters
Provision of food security
Provision of health care – medicines
Income generation
Spiritual and cultural value
28. Habitat Protection:
To protect ocean biodiversity, fishing must be made sustainable and by-
catch reduced. Forests must be preserved in adequate size to support the
range of resident species. Fresh water must be conserved to preserve river,
lake and wetlands habitats.
Promoting Genetic Biodiversity:
A report from a Nature magazine also explains that genetic diversity helps
to prevent the chances of extinction in the wild (and claims to have shown
proof of this).
Prevention Of Pollution:
pollution must be strictly controlled and eliminated wherever possible.
Dealing with Climatic Change:
greenhouse gas emissions must be brought down to sustainable levels.