This document provides an overview of steganography. It defines steganography as the process of hiding secret messages within ordinary messages. The document discusses the history of steganography, compares it to cryptography, and outlines various steganography techniques including least significant bit insertion and masking/filtering. It also addresses steganography tools, carrier file types, detection methods, advantages/disadvantages, and applications of steganography. In conclusion, the document states that steganography is still developing but can be used as a beneficial tool for privacy if applied appropriately.

1. Chameli Devi School Of
Engineering
STEGANOGRAPHY
Submitted By :-
Arvind Carpenter
Guided By :-
Ms. Renu Dangi

2. MAIN POINTS
 WHAT IS STEGANOGRAPHY?
 HISTORY
 STEGANOGRAPHY
 TOOLS
 STEGANOGRAPHY V/S CRYPTOGRAPHY
 TYPES OF STEGANOGRAPHY
 TECHNIQUES
 PRACTICAL APPROACH
 DETECTION
 ADVANTAGES
 NEGATIVE ASPECTS
 APPLICATIONS
 CONCLUSION
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3. WHAT IS STEGANOGRAPHY?
 Definition
 Greek words
 STEGANOS-”Covered”
 GRAPHIE-”Writing”
 It is the process of hiding of secret message within an ordinary message and
extracting with its definition
 Anyone else viewing the message will fail to know it contains encrypted/hidden
data
 Invisible ink is also form of Steganography
 Used in World-War II
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4. Steganography
 Modern digital steganography
 data is encrypted
 then inserted and hidden, using a special algorithm which may add and/or
modify the contents of the file
 This technique may simply append the data to the file, or disperse it throughout
 Carefully crafted programs apply the encrypted data such that patterns appear
normal.
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5. Steganography-Requirements
 Security of the hidden communication
 Size of payload
 Robustness of malicious and unintentional attack
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6. Steganography-Tools
Steganography Tools
 Steganos
 S-Tools (GIF, JPEG)
 StegHide (WAV, BMP)
 Invisible Secrets (JPEG)
 JPHide
 Camouflage
 Hiderman
 Many others…
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7. Steganography-Carrier Files
Steganography Carrier Files
 bmp
 jpeg
 gif
 wav
 mp3
 Amongst others…
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8. STEGANOGRAPHY TODAY
 Steganography Today, however, is significantly more sophisticated
than the examples above suggest, allowing a user to hide large
amounts of information within image and audio files. These forms of
steganography often are used in conjunction with cryptography so
that the information is doubly protected; first it is encrypted and then
hidden so that an adversary has to first find the information (an
often difficult task in and of itself) and then decrypt it.
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9. Steganography v/s Cryptography
 Cryptography hides the contents of a secret message from a
malicious people, whereas Steganography even conceals the
existence of the message
 In cryptography, the structure of a message is scrambled to make it
meaningless and unintelligible unless the decryption key is available
 Steganography does not alter the structure of the secret message,
but hides it inside a cover-image so it cannot be seen.
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10. Types of Steganography
 Steganography In Text/Documents
 Steganography In Images
 Steganography In Audio
 Steganography In Video
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11. Steganography Techniques
 Injection: Injection is quite a simple method which simply involves
directly injecting the secret information into the carrier file.
 Substitution: Replacement of the least significant bits of information
that determine the meaningful content of the original file with new
data in a way that causes the least amount of distortion.
 Generation: The generation technique, unlike injection and
substitution, requires only a covert file, as it is used to create the
covert file.
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12. Modern Steganography Techniques
 Masking and Filtering:
Is where information is hidden inside of a image using digital watermarks that
include information such as copyright, ownership, or licenses. The purpose is different
from traditional steganography since it is adding an attribute to the cover image thus
extending the amount of information presented.
 Algorithms and Transformations:
This technique hides data in mathematical functions that are often used in
compression algorithms. The idea of this method is to hide the secret message in the
data bits in the least significant coefficients.
 Least Significant Bit Insertion:
The most common and popular method of modern day steganography is to
make use of the LSB of a picture’s pixel information. Thus the overall image distortion is
kept to a minimum while the message is spaced out over the pixels in the images. This
technique works best when the image file is larger than the message file and if the
image is grayscale.
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13. Images Based Techniques
 Least Significant Technique
 Masking and Filtering
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14. Least Significant Bits
 Replaces significant bits with message to be encoded
 Most popular technique when dealing with images
 Simple, but susceptible to lossy compression and manipulation
 Best to use a grayscale palette or one with gradual changes in
shades
 Otherwise, it is best to use images with “noisy areas” – areas with
ample color variation and without large areas of solid color
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15. • Example : Insert a word TEXT
- T = 01100010
- E = 01101111
- X = 01101101
- T = 01100010
• Image Bits before
• Image Bits after
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16. LSB uses
 Storing passwords and/or other confidential information
 Covert communication of sensitive data
 Speculated uses in terrorist activities
 Being widely used to hide and/or transfer illegal content
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17. Masking and Filtering
 Masks secret data over the original data by changing the
luminance of particular areas
 During masking, it embed the message within significant bits of the
cover image
 Not susceptible to lossy techniques because image manipulation
does not affect the secret message
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18. Masking and Filtering-Uses
 Digital Watermarking – provides identification pertaining to the
owner; i.e. license or copyright information
- Invisible vs Visible
 Fingerprinting – provides identification of the user; used to identify
and track illegal use of content
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19. Watermark example19

20. DETECTION
 Steganalysis- Identification of hidden data
 Definition
Identifying the existence of a message
Not extracting the message
Note: Technically, Steganography deals with the
concealment of a message, not the encryption of it
 Goal
 Accuracy
 Consistency
 Minimize false-positives
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21. NEED FOR DETECTION
 Growing awareness of data hiding techniques and uses
 Availability and sophistication of shareware and
freeware data hiding software
 Concerns over use to hide serious crimes, e.g., drug
trafficking, pedophilia, terrorism
 Frees resources currently spent on investigating cases
with questionable/unknown payoff
 Legislative calls
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22. Steganalysis-Methods Detection
Methods of detecting the use of Steganography
Visual Detection (JPEG, BMP, GIF, etc.)
Audible Detection (WAV, MPEG, etc.)
Statistical Detection (changes in patterns of the pixels
or LSB – Least Significant Bit) or Histogram Analysis
Structural Detection - View file properties/contents
size difference
date/time difference
contents – modifications
checksum
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23. STEGANOGRAPHY DETECTION23

24. Steganalysis-Methods Detection
 Categories
 Anomaly
Histogram analysis
Change in file properties
Statistical Attack
Visually
Audible
 Signature
A pattern consistent with the program used
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25. Anomaly-Histogram Analysis
 Histogram analysis can be used to possibly identify a file with a
hidden message
 By comparing histograms, we can see this histogram has a very
noticeable repetitive trend.
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26. Steganalysis-Tools
 StegoWatch
 Identifies the presence of steganography through special statistical and analytical
programs.
 Accurate and comprehensive tool.
 Hides files in a video sequence
 Stegdetect :
 Automated tool for detecting steganographic content in images
 jsteg
 jphide (unix and windows) used for jpg
 invisible secrets
 outguess 01.3b
 F5 (header analysis)
 appendX and camouflage
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27. Advantages
 It is used in the way of hiding not the Information but the
password to reach that Information.
 Messages do not attract attention to themselves i.e
difficult to detect. Only receiver can detect.
 The proposed technique uses LSB to hide data from a
pre defined position agreed between two parties. Same
position is only used once to enhance security.
 Can be applied differently in digital image, audio &
video file.
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28. Negative Aspects
 Huge number of data results in huge file size, so some one can
suspect about it.
 In sending and receiving information can be leaked.
 It is Vulnerable to almost all media transformations.
 If this technique is used in a wrong way then this can be very much
dangerous.
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29. Applications
 Confidential communication and secret data storing
 Protection of data alteration
 Used in modern printers
 Used by Terrorist(Al-Qaida hide info in porn videos)
 Protect copyrights, to maintain confidentiality.
 In 2010, the Federal Bureau of Investigation revealed that
the Russian foreign intelligence service uses customized
steganography software for embedding encrypted text
messages inside image files for certain communications with
"illegal agents" (agents under non-diplomatic cover)
stationed abroad
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30. Conclusion
 Steganography is in the nascent stage of development.
 The importance of Steganography has not been realized to that
stage where it is preferred over its close rival “Encryption”.
 Steganography can be used as benefitial tool for privacy
 Lossless compression of images with a great deal of color variation
work best as a cover image to embed a message.
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31. THANK YOU
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