This document summarizes plant anatomy and tissue types. It discusses the different types of meristems, fundamental tissues like parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma, and conducting tissues like xylem and phloem. Key points covered include the different types of meristems based on location and origin, the tissues of the root apex versus shoot apex, the characteristics and origins of parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma tissues, and details on xylem and phloem components like vessels, tracheids, fibers, sieve tubes and companion cells.

1. Bio 101 Plant AnatomyEx. 2-5 Post lab discussion

2. MeristemsBased on locationApical meristemLateral MeristemBased on originPrimary meristemsSecondary meristems

3. Root apex vs. Shoot apexRoot apex –bidirectional (root cap and towards the axis)SUBTERMINALNo lateral appendagesNo nodes and internodesBranching initiated beyond the region of most active growth

4. Fundamental TissuesParenchymaCollenchymaSclerenchyma

5. ParenchymaP-walls only; except for parenchyma found in secondary xylemLivingIntercellular spaces

7. CollenchymaAngularLamellarLacunar

8. SclerenchymaDifferentiate:SclereidsFibersFIBERS:a. Xylaryfibers—1. libriform(absent in gymno) 2. fiber-tracheidb. Extraxylaryfibers– location?

10. Extra xylary fibersMonocot: bundle sheathClimbing dicots: cortical layer; pericyclic fibers

12. Sclereidsbrachysclereids– phloem, cortex and bark of stems---flesh of fruits of pearMacrosclereids– testa of seeds of legumesOsteosclereids– seeds and leaves of dicotsAstrosclereids--leaves

13. Parenchyma OriginsGround meristemProcambiumPhellogenVascular cambium

14. Collenchyma originsGround meristemProcambium

15. Sclerenchyma originsSclereidParenchyma (sclerosis)—protoderm, procambium, or cambium, ground merisetmFiberProcambiumCambiumGround meristem

16. Conducting TissuesXYLEMVesselsTracheidsFibers (libriform and fiber-tracheid)Parenchyma– ray parenchyma and axial parenchymaPHLOEMSieve tube or sieve cellsCompanion cells or albuminous cellsFibers (bast fibers)parenchyma

17. Vessel orTracheid?ImperforatedTapering endsShort and drum-likeArranged end to endOverlapping

18. Perforation (vessels)SimpleMultipleScalariformReticulateforaminate

19. Secondary wall pattern Tracheids and vessel elementsProtoxylem – annular or helicalMetaxylem– scalariform; reticulate; pitted

21. Annular– helical– scalariform—reticulate--pitted

22. Phloem Sieve tube elements-- arranged end to end-- enucleate-- with specialized depressions at their end wall (sieve areas)---sieve plates (end wall)

23. Sieve plateSimpleCompound

25. Origins, TopographyVesselTracheidSieve tubeCompanion cellSieve cell

26. Advantages Helical or annular tracheids?