Evaluation of intercropping efficiency and profitability on Okra-Cowpea based...AI Publications
A field experiment was conducted in vegetable research farm of Agriculture and Forestry University, Chitwan to study the intercropping efficiency of okra and cowpea. The experiment was arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. One row of okra and two rows of okra was intercropped with cowpea. Data collected was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the least significant difference (LSD) test was carried out at the 5% probability level. Intercropping efficiency was measured using Total okra yield equivalent, Land Equivalent Ratio, Percentage land saved and Land Equivalent Coefficient. Result revealed that 1:1 intercropping system as most efficient one that gave highest yield of 21.15 ton/ha with LER of 1.48 saving 32.43% of land. Economic analysis was also carried out using benefit to cost ratio analysis. Sole cowpea gave highest B: C ratio of 1.47 followed by 1:1 intercropping with the value of 1.37 and least B: C ratio was found in sole okra. This study suggested that 1:1 intercropping as beneficial and is recommended for okra growers while sole cropping is recommended for cowpea growing farmers.
Social inclusion of young people and site-specific nutrient management (SSNM)...CIMMYT
The document outlines the agenda for the 13th Asian Maize Conference held in Ludhiana, Punjab, India from 8-10 October 2018. It discusses maize production trends globally and in key countries like China, USA, and Brazil. It also summarizes maize production in Nepal, highlighting challenges like low productivity. The author presents results from an experiment comparing Nutrient Expert recommendations to farmer practices, finding a significant yield increase using the former approach. The conclusion is that Nutrient Expert can help address efficient nutrient management and increase yields and profits for farmers.
The document discusses approaches for developing soil fertility management recommendations based on analyses of soil and agronomic data. It describes different methods including soil testing, diagnostic trials, agronomic trials, and decision support systems. The goal is to identify soil health constraints, determine limiting nutrients, establish appropriate fertilizer application rates, and develop individualized recommendations for farmers. The document emphasizes developing recommendations that account for variability in soils, crops, and farming conditions.
Targeting inputs in appropriate landscapes and farming systemsafrica-rising
This document summarizes a study that validated fertilizer recommendations for farmers across landscapes in Ethiopia. Researchers characterized districts by predicted crop response and classified them into response zones. Field experiments were conducted on 648 plots with 216 farmers in 3 regions, testing fertilizer treatments on tef, wheat, and maize. The decision guide predicted responses accurately for 63-78% of footslope, midslope, and hillslope plots. Results showed yield benefits varied by landscape position and introducing zinc and lime could further improve crop response to fertilizer. Plans for 2019 include quantifying yield differences by landscape and introducing lime effects.
Investigation of Correlation Coefficient for Forage and Grain Yield with Rela...Premier Publishers
Oat (Avena sativa L.) is a staple worldwide in both human and animal nutrition. It is mainly grown for livestock, depending on its grain and forage yield in Turkey. This study was based on defining correlation coefficients of some oat genotypes (nine lines and three cultivars) in Konya, Turkey, among fodder and grain yields, and their components. The experimental design of this study was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The correlations were analyzed after harvesting at milk to dough period. The findings illustrated that there was a significant positive correlation between green fodder yield and leaf weights in ten stems, and grain yield and the number of panicles stems per square meter. The highest negative correlations was found between green fodder yield and the number of panicles stems per square meter, and grain yield and 50% flowering periods in addition to green fodder yield. This research suggests that the number of panicles stems per square meter and dry fodder yield would be selection criteria for grain yield. The number of leaves per stem, the number of nodes, and plant height would also be considered for green fodder yield by oat breeders in their program in Anatolia.
Extrapolation suitability for improved vegetable technologies in Babati Distr...africa-rising
Presented by Francis Muthoni, Justus Ochieng, Jean-Marc Delore, Phillipo J. Lukumay, and Inviolata Dominic at the Power on Your Plate Summit, Arusha, Tanzania, 25-28 January 2021.
Evaluation of intercropping efficiency and profitability on Okra-Cowpea based...AI Publications
A field experiment was conducted in vegetable research farm of Agriculture and Forestry University, Chitwan to study the intercropping efficiency of okra and cowpea. The experiment was arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. One row of okra and two rows of okra was intercropped with cowpea. Data collected was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the least significant difference (LSD) test was carried out at the 5% probability level. Intercropping efficiency was measured using Total okra yield equivalent, Land Equivalent Ratio, Percentage land saved and Land Equivalent Coefficient. Result revealed that 1:1 intercropping system as most efficient one that gave highest yield of 21.15 ton/ha with LER of 1.48 saving 32.43% of land. Economic analysis was also carried out using benefit to cost ratio analysis. Sole cowpea gave highest B: C ratio of 1.47 followed by 1:1 intercropping with the value of 1.37 and least B: C ratio was found in sole okra. This study suggested that 1:1 intercropping as beneficial and is recommended for okra growers while sole cropping is recommended for cowpea growing farmers.
Social inclusion of young people and site-specific nutrient management (SSNM)...CIMMYT
The document outlines the agenda for the 13th Asian Maize Conference held in Ludhiana, Punjab, India from 8-10 October 2018. It discusses maize production trends globally and in key countries like China, USA, and Brazil. It also summarizes maize production in Nepal, highlighting challenges like low productivity. The author presents results from an experiment comparing Nutrient Expert recommendations to farmer practices, finding a significant yield increase using the former approach. The conclusion is that Nutrient Expert can help address efficient nutrient management and increase yields and profits for farmers.
The document discusses approaches for developing soil fertility management recommendations based on analyses of soil and agronomic data. It describes different methods including soil testing, diagnostic trials, agronomic trials, and decision support systems. The goal is to identify soil health constraints, determine limiting nutrients, establish appropriate fertilizer application rates, and develop individualized recommendations for farmers. The document emphasizes developing recommendations that account for variability in soils, crops, and farming conditions.
Targeting inputs in appropriate landscapes and farming systemsafrica-rising
This document summarizes a study that validated fertilizer recommendations for farmers across landscapes in Ethiopia. Researchers characterized districts by predicted crop response and classified them into response zones. Field experiments were conducted on 648 plots with 216 farmers in 3 regions, testing fertilizer treatments on tef, wheat, and maize. The decision guide predicted responses accurately for 63-78% of footslope, midslope, and hillslope plots. Results showed yield benefits varied by landscape position and introducing zinc and lime could further improve crop response to fertilizer. Plans for 2019 include quantifying yield differences by landscape and introducing lime effects.
Investigation of Correlation Coefficient for Forage and Grain Yield with Rela...Premier Publishers
Oat (Avena sativa L.) is a staple worldwide in both human and animal nutrition. It is mainly grown for livestock, depending on its grain and forage yield in Turkey. This study was based on defining correlation coefficients of some oat genotypes (nine lines and three cultivars) in Konya, Turkey, among fodder and grain yields, and their components. The experimental design of this study was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The correlations were analyzed after harvesting at milk to dough period. The findings illustrated that there was a significant positive correlation between green fodder yield and leaf weights in ten stems, and grain yield and the number of panicles stems per square meter. The highest negative correlations was found between green fodder yield and the number of panicles stems per square meter, and grain yield and 50% flowering periods in addition to green fodder yield. This research suggests that the number of panicles stems per square meter and dry fodder yield would be selection criteria for grain yield. The number of leaves per stem, the number of nodes, and plant height would also be considered for green fodder yield by oat breeders in their program in Anatolia.
Extrapolation suitability for improved vegetable technologies in Babati Distr...africa-rising
Presented by Francis Muthoni, Justus Ochieng, Jean-Marc Delore, Phillipo J. Lukumay, and Inviolata Dominic at the Power on Your Plate Summit, Arusha, Tanzania, 25-28 January 2021.
Crop modeling for stress situations, cropping system , assessing stress through remote sensing, understanding the adaptive features of crops for survival under stress .
The document discusses the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) method for interpreting plant tissue analysis. DRIS considers nutrient concentration ratios rather than individual elements. It measures the relative balance between nutrients using index values, with negative values indicating deficiencies. DRIS can reveal both the limiting nutrient and the order nutrients may become limiting. It identifies all nutritional factors limiting crop production to improve fertilizer recommendations and maximize yields.
VARIABILITY, CORRELATION AND PATH COEFFICIENT ANALYSIS OF YIELD ATTRIBUTING TRAITS IN 6 GENOTYPES OF Lentil (Lens culinaris) AT IAAS, PAKLIHAWA, RUPANDEHI, NEPAL. This research had been undertaken as a part of UPA (Undergraduate Practicum Assessment)
Farmer participatory variety selection in multi location on-farm sorghum vari...ICRISAT
Sorghum plays an important role in the diets and economies of the people of Nigeria. The average per capita annual sorghum consumption in major sorghum growing areas, is more than 75 kg/person and it contributes to more than 50% of the dietary micronutrient requirements, particularly in the northern state's smallholder farmers. However, since 2009, there has been a decline in its production in terms of area harvested and yields (FAOSTAT, 2012), attributable to the unavailability and dissemination of improved varieties and hybrids that are adapted to the Sudan and Sahel ecologies with unpredictable and low rainfall pattern and Striga infestation. In line with the Nigerian Agricultural Transformation Agenda (ATA), aimed at strengthening the economy through sorghum commodity transformation, ICRISAT in collaboration with Institute for Agricultural Research Ahmadu Bello University (IAR/ABU), developed and evaluated sorghum varieties with farmer participatory evaluation across major sorghum growing ecologies during 2015 rainy season.
How can ‘Yield gap analysis’ be useful :Global yield gap atlas (gyga)ICRISAT
The Global Yield Gap Atlas provides important information on the capacities of various countries to be self-sufficient in staple food crop production now and in the future. So far the Atlas has been populated for 24 countries for five major staple crops (maize, wheat, rice, sorghum and millet) and analyses for 25 additional countries is in progress.
This document discusses methods for analyzing yield gaps in field crops. It begins with definitions of different types of crop yields, including actual, attainable, water-limited, and potential yields. It then discusses scales of yield data collection and sources of data. Several approaches for quantifying yield gaps are presented, including analysis of high-yielding areas, boundary function modeling, crop modeling, and the use of remote sensing. Case studies applying these approaches to various crops and regions are described. The document concludes with recommendations for yield gap analysis.
Economic analysis of fertilizer options for maize production in Tanzaniaafrica-rising
This study compares different fertilizer options for maize production in Tanzania in terms of financial benefits. The results show that all new soil fertility management options provided significantly higher financial benefits than farmers' current practices. Specifically, DAP, Minjingu Mazao, and Minjingu granular fertilizers provided the best returns with less risk to farmers. A combination of manure and Minjingu mazao fertilizer dominated in terms of benefits for highly risk averse farmers. The two options of Minjingu Mazao and DAP fertilizers were found to be superior to current practices in terms of yield and net returns according to farmer evaluations.
Genetic Progress for Yield, Yield Components and Other Agronomic Characters o...Premier Publishers
Genetic progress has brought about increase in yield potential per se for almost all production areas around the world. The present study examines the relationship of groundnut yield with year of release, yield components and other agro-morphological traits using aggregative data from 1976 to 2012 to calculate genetic gain in groundnut grain yield across four locations in Eastern Ethiopia. The direct method, that compares cultivars with their year of release, was used. The relative gain for groundnut grain yield was 1.08% since 1976. A deeper understanding of these issues facilitates the identification of specific yield-limiting factors that can be used for future breeding strategies. Grain yield, 100 seed weight, plant height and harvest index were significantly correlated with year of release for tested locations, emphasizing the most promising traits for groundnut breeders in the past. These traits were also responsible for the significant genetic progress in groundnut yield in Ethiopia since 1976. Further improvement in the yield potential of groundnut will have to involve increase in other traits, like pod weight per plant, seed weight per plant, that have shown significant positive correlation with grain yield.
Effect of Different Sources of Nutrient on Growth and Yield of Okra (Abelmosc...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
The experiment was carried out at Nepal Polytechnic Institute field, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal to study the effect of different nutrient sources on growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L Monech). Five different treatments; poultry manure, FYM, goat manure, chemical (as per N equivalent) and no fertilizer (control) were replicated four times. The experiment was arranged in Randomize Complete Block Design (RCBD). The okra variety ArkaAnamika was used for experiment. The data were collected on the growth and yield parameters including plant height (cm), canopy (cm), numbers of leaves per plant, numbers of branches per plant, fruit length, diameter and yield. Results indicated that different nutrient sources had significant (P<0.05) affected on plant height, canopy, leaf number, branches and also in yield parameters. Based on the findings of the experiments, it can be concluded that application of poultry manure significantly increased the growth and yield performances on Abelmoschus esculentus L. Monech (okra) compared to other types of fertilizers. As the study reflected the use of no fertilizer results in the lowest vegetative growth and yield performances which indicates to use some nutrient sources for better growth and production of okra.
Farmers’ uptake of improved feed practices and reasons for adoption/ non adop...ILRI
Presented by Gregory Ndwandwa Sikumba at the CLEANED Project East Africa Stakeholder Consultation on Dairy and Environment Nairobi, Kenya, 18 September 2013
Landscape-Scale Assessments for Strategic Targeting of
Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Practices in East Africa
Poster presented at the 3rd Global Science Conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture in Montpellier.
Read more: http://ccafs.cgiar.org/3rd-global-science-conference-%E2%80%9Cclimate-smart-agriculture-2015%E2%80%9D#.VRurLUesXX4
Implications of the introduction of forage chopper machines africa-rising
Poster prepared by Gundula Fischer, Jacqueline Rugalabam, Gabriel Malima, Simon Wittich, Ben Lukuyu, David Ngunga, Leonard Marwa and Gregory Sikumba for the Africa RISING Science for Impact Workshop, Dar es Salaam, 17-19 January 2017
Sustainable intensification of groundnut production in northern Ghanaafrica-rising
Groundnut production in northern Ghana is below 50% of its potential yield due to poor agronomic practices like low plant density and soil fertility management. A study evaluated different groundnut spacings to establish an optimum density for sustainable intensification. Research trials and farmer surveys found that a spacing of 30 x 15 cm2 scored highest across productivity, economic, environmental, human, and social domains compared to wider spacings. The sustainable intensification assessment framework was effective for evaluating plant density trials and farmer perceptions to identify the best spacing for increasing yields while conserving resources.
The document discusses various indicators and methodologies for assessing the efficiency of crops and cropping systems. It provides formulas to calculate productivity, production efficiency, land use efficiency, energy use, water use productivity, profitability, employment generation, and other metrics. Key indicators include crop yield, system productivity, total factor productivity, relative production efficiency, energy efficiency, water use productivity, and economic measures like net returns and benefit-cost ratios. The methodology allows for identifying the most efficient crops, systems, and zones based on productivity and resource use.
Assessment and selection of superior genotypes among eliteAlexander Decker
Farmers and scientists in southern Tanzania participated in selecting superior cassava genotypes. Nine improved cassava varieties were planted in three agro-ecological zones and evaluated based on farmers' selection criteria. The top criteria were yield, disease resistance, and root characteristics. After harvest, farmers in each zone selected genotypes based on yield and disease tolerance. Their selections closely matched the highest performing varieties as determined by scientists. Four genotypes - Kiroba, NDL 2006/487, NDL 2006/438 and Naliendele - were identified as superior based on this participatory selection process.
Processed based crop models try to mimic how plants respond to their environment. This presentation discusses using the DSSAT family of crop models to project yields under different climate scenarios for use in global economic modeling. The models require inputs for weather, soil properties, variety attributes and more. They output daily growth metrics and end of season yields. By running the models repeatedly across locations, global yield projections can be generated to feed into models like IMPACT that assess impacts at a regional level. Data quality, model robustness, and computational efficiency are important considerations.
Genotype by environment interaction and stability of extra-early maize hybrid...IJEAB
Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most important cereal crop produced in Ghana. However the change in environmental conditions, the expansion of maize to new agro-ecologies coupled with inadequate maize varieties available for the different environments affects yield improvement programmes in Ghana. Hence, the study is to investigate the influence of genotype by environment interaction on the maize hybrids and to identify stable and high yielding hybrids with superior agronomic for famers use in the country. The objectives of the study was to investigate the influence of genotype by environment interaction on the maize hybrids and to identify stable and high yielding hybrids with superior agronomic performance for famers use in Ghana. Thus, fifteen extra-early maize hybrids and three locally released checks were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in two locations in Ghana. The experiment was carried out at KNUST and Akomadan which represent the forest and forest transition zones of Ghana. Nine of the hybrids out of the fifteen hybrids evaluated produce above the average yield and the effect of genotype, location and genotype by location interaction was significant for grain yield. The GGE biplot used in this study revealed that TZEEI-1 x TZEEI-21, TZEEI-6 x TZEEI-21, TZEEI-15 x TZEEI-1 and TZEEI-29 x TZEEI-21 were high yielding and stable hybrids because they were closer to the ideal. The GGE biplot also identified Akomadan as the most ideal testing environment for these hybrids under irrigation.
Can maize farmers in northern Ghana increase economic benefits by applying mo...africa-rising
While insecticide spraying offers the most effective management strategy for insect pests in farmers’ fields, most farmers in Ghana spray only once in most cases. This is not enough to effectively control the insect pests. In this study, the effect of a three spray regime was compared to conventional farmer practice (one spray) on yield and net financial returns of cowpea on-farm. It was established that spraying insecticides three times on cowpea not only increases grain yield and net returns, but also reduces the probability of getting lower yields and financial returns which makes it suitable to smallholder farmers who are usually risk averse.
Population dynamics of ground dwelling spider genera among mustard cropInnspub Net
The present study was designed to record the distribution of ground dwelling spider genera among mustard crop at Okara district. Sampling was made from Brassica compestris crop through pitfall traps. Equal number of traps were placed in three rows e.g. along the boundary, middle of the field and centre of the field. Each trap was filled with mixture solution of alcohol and glycerin (70:30%) along with few drops of kerosene oil. After 5 days interval sample traps was collected and spider specimens were washed with distilled water and permanently stored in labeled glass vials, and brought into the Pest Control Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Thereafter, each spider specimen was identified according to the taxonomic material and internet source. Identified data was analyzed statistically to quantify their spatial distribution. Maximum spatial distribution of spider population was documented in middle transect than boundary and centre of the mustard crop. It was also observed that temperature, humidity and prey availability were the major factors that effecting the spider population. Population variations were recorded during the months of February, March and April in 2015, due to rise of temperature, decrease of humidity and availability of prey. Conclusively, spiders have some correlation with suitable local conditions or habitat. More over, spiders are cost effective, functionally significant and play important role in regulating decomposer population. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/jbes/population-dynamics-of-ground-dwelling-spider-genera-among-mustard-crop/
Rice value chain development 2005-2011: IPMS experiences in Fogera pilot lear...ILRI
1) The document summarizes experiences from 2005-2011 in developing the rice value chain in Fogera Pilot Learning Woredas in Ethiopia through the IPMS project.
2) Key interventions included improving agronomic practices for floodplain rice, introducing new upland rice varieties and seed multiplication systems, and supporting the development of over 120 rice processors in local towns and 30 in rural areas.
3) Results showed increases in rice production area for both lowland and upland systems, the establishment of farmer-to-farmer seed supply systems, and declines in white rice retail prices as the market developed.
Dry farming is cultivation of crops in regions with annual rainfall less than 750 mm that require moisture conservation practices. About 70% of rural populations live in dry farming areas and depend on crop success or failure for their livelihood. Currently, dryland crops produce as much food as irrigated crops but from 3 times the land area. New strategies must be developed to make dryland ecosystems more productive and sustainable. The history of dryland agriculture began with early civilizations in places with reliable water supplies. Systematic dryland cultivation began around 1850 in areas like the USA and India. Over time, research stations were established and packages of practices were developed for different regions to improve dryland agriculture techniques.
Crop modeling for stress situations, cropping system , assessing stress through remote sensing, understanding the adaptive features of crops for survival under stress .
The document discusses the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) method for interpreting plant tissue analysis. DRIS considers nutrient concentration ratios rather than individual elements. It measures the relative balance between nutrients using index values, with negative values indicating deficiencies. DRIS can reveal both the limiting nutrient and the order nutrients may become limiting. It identifies all nutritional factors limiting crop production to improve fertilizer recommendations and maximize yields.
VARIABILITY, CORRELATION AND PATH COEFFICIENT ANALYSIS OF YIELD ATTRIBUTING TRAITS IN 6 GENOTYPES OF Lentil (Lens culinaris) AT IAAS, PAKLIHAWA, RUPANDEHI, NEPAL. This research had been undertaken as a part of UPA (Undergraduate Practicum Assessment)
Farmer participatory variety selection in multi location on-farm sorghum vari...ICRISAT
Sorghum plays an important role in the diets and economies of the people of Nigeria. The average per capita annual sorghum consumption in major sorghum growing areas, is more than 75 kg/person and it contributes to more than 50% of the dietary micronutrient requirements, particularly in the northern state's smallholder farmers. However, since 2009, there has been a decline in its production in terms of area harvested and yields (FAOSTAT, 2012), attributable to the unavailability and dissemination of improved varieties and hybrids that are adapted to the Sudan and Sahel ecologies with unpredictable and low rainfall pattern and Striga infestation. In line with the Nigerian Agricultural Transformation Agenda (ATA), aimed at strengthening the economy through sorghum commodity transformation, ICRISAT in collaboration with Institute for Agricultural Research Ahmadu Bello University (IAR/ABU), developed and evaluated sorghum varieties with farmer participatory evaluation across major sorghum growing ecologies during 2015 rainy season.
How can ‘Yield gap analysis’ be useful :Global yield gap atlas (gyga)ICRISAT
The Global Yield Gap Atlas provides important information on the capacities of various countries to be self-sufficient in staple food crop production now and in the future. So far the Atlas has been populated for 24 countries for five major staple crops (maize, wheat, rice, sorghum and millet) and analyses for 25 additional countries is in progress.
This document discusses methods for analyzing yield gaps in field crops. It begins with definitions of different types of crop yields, including actual, attainable, water-limited, and potential yields. It then discusses scales of yield data collection and sources of data. Several approaches for quantifying yield gaps are presented, including analysis of high-yielding areas, boundary function modeling, crop modeling, and the use of remote sensing. Case studies applying these approaches to various crops and regions are described. The document concludes with recommendations for yield gap analysis.
Economic analysis of fertilizer options for maize production in Tanzaniaafrica-rising
This study compares different fertilizer options for maize production in Tanzania in terms of financial benefits. The results show that all new soil fertility management options provided significantly higher financial benefits than farmers' current practices. Specifically, DAP, Minjingu Mazao, and Minjingu granular fertilizers provided the best returns with less risk to farmers. A combination of manure and Minjingu mazao fertilizer dominated in terms of benefits for highly risk averse farmers. The two options of Minjingu Mazao and DAP fertilizers were found to be superior to current practices in terms of yield and net returns according to farmer evaluations.
Genetic Progress for Yield, Yield Components and Other Agronomic Characters o...Premier Publishers
Genetic progress has brought about increase in yield potential per se for almost all production areas around the world. The present study examines the relationship of groundnut yield with year of release, yield components and other agro-morphological traits using aggregative data from 1976 to 2012 to calculate genetic gain in groundnut grain yield across four locations in Eastern Ethiopia. The direct method, that compares cultivars with their year of release, was used. The relative gain for groundnut grain yield was 1.08% since 1976. A deeper understanding of these issues facilitates the identification of specific yield-limiting factors that can be used for future breeding strategies. Grain yield, 100 seed weight, plant height and harvest index were significantly correlated with year of release for tested locations, emphasizing the most promising traits for groundnut breeders in the past. These traits were also responsible for the significant genetic progress in groundnut yield in Ethiopia since 1976. Further improvement in the yield potential of groundnut will have to involve increase in other traits, like pod weight per plant, seed weight per plant, that have shown significant positive correlation with grain yield.
Effect of Different Sources of Nutrient on Growth and Yield of Okra (Abelmosc...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
The experiment was carried out at Nepal Polytechnic Institute field, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal to study the effect of different nutrient sources on growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L Monech). Five different treatments; poultry manure, FYM, goat manure, chemical (as per N equivalent) and no fertilizer (control) were replicated four times. The experiment was arranged in Randomize Complete Block Design (RCBD). The okra variety ArkaAnamika was used for experiment. The data were collected on the growth and yield parameters including plant height (cm), canopy (cm), numbers of leaves per plant, numbers of branches per plant, fruit length, diameter and yield. Results indicated that different nutrient sources had significant (P<0.05) affected on plant height, canopy, leaf number, branches and also in yield parameters. Based on the findings of the experiments, it can be concluded that application of poultry manure significantly increased the growth and yield performances on Abelmoschus esculentus L. Monech (okra) compared to other types of fertilizers. As the study reflected the use of no fertilizer results in the lowest vegetative growth and yield performances which indicates to use some nutrient sources for better growth and production of okra.
Farmers’ uptake of improved feed practices and reasons for adoption/ non adop...ILRI
Presented by Gregory Ndwandwa Sikumba at the CLEANED Project East Africa Stakeholder Consultation on Dairy and Environment Nairobi, Kenya, 18 September 2013
Landscape-Scale Assessments for Strategic Targeting of
Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Practices in East Africa
Poster presented at the 3rd Global Science Conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture in Montpellier.
Read more: http://ccafs.cgiar.org/3rd-global-science-conference-%E2%80%9Cclimate-smart-agriculture-2015%E2%80%9D#.VRurLUesXX4
Implications of the introduction of forage chopper machines africa-rising
Poster prepared by Gundula Fischer, Jacqueline Rugalabam, Gabriel Malima, Simon Wittich, Ben Lukuyu, David Ngunga, Leonard Marwa and Gregory Sikumba for the Africa RISING Science for Impact Workshop, Dar es Salaam, 17-19 January 2017
Sustainable intensification of groundnut production in northern Ghanaafrica-rising
Groundnut production in northern Ghana is below 50% of its potential yield due to poor agronomic practices like low plant density and soil fertility management. A study evaluated different groundnut spacings to establish an optimum density for sustainable intensification. Research trials and farmer surveys found that a spacing of 30 x 15 cm2 scored highest across productivity, economic, environmental, human, and social domains compared to wider spacings. The sustainable intensification assessment framework was effective for evaluating plant density trials and farmer perceptions to identify the best spacing for increasing yields while conserving resources.
The document discusses various indicators and methodologies for assessing the efficiency of crops and cropping systems. It provides formulas to calculate productivity, production efficiency, land use efficiency, energy use, water use productivity, profitability, employment generation, and other metrics. Key indicators include crop yield, system productivity, total factor productivity, relative production efficiency, energy efficiency, water use productivity, and economic measures like net returns and benefit-cost ratios. The methodology allows for identifying the most efficient crops, systems, and zones based on productivity and resource use.
Assessment and selection of superior genotypes among eliteAlexander Decker
Farmers and scientists in southern Tanzania participated in selecting superior cassava genotypes. Nine improved cassava varieties were planted in three agro-ecological zones and evaluated based on farmers' selection criteria. The top criteria were yield, disease resistance, and root characteristics. After harvest, farmers in each zone selected genotypes based on yield and disease tolerance. Their selections closely matched the highest performing varieties as determined by scientists. Four genotypes - Kiroba, NDL 2006/487, NDL 2006/438 and Naliendele - were identified as superior based on this participatory selection process.
Processed based crop models try to mimic how plants respond to their environment. This presentation discusses using the DSSAT family of crop models to project yields under different climate scenarios for use in global economic modeling. The models require inputs for weather, soil properties, variety attributes and more. They output daily growth metrics and end of season yields. By running the models repeatedly across locations, global yield projections can be generated to feed into models like IMPACT that assess impacts at a regional level. Data quality, model robustness, and computational efficiency are important considerations.
Genotype by environment interaction and stability of extra-early maize hybrid...IJEAB
Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most important cereal crop produced in Ghana. However the change in environmental conditions, the expansion of maize to new agro-ecologies coupled with inadequate maize varieties available for the different environments affects yield improvement programmes in Ghana. Hence, the study is to investigate the influence of genotype by environment interaction on the maize hybrids and to identify stable and high yielding hybrids with superior agronomic for famers use in the country. The objectives of the study was to investigate the influence of genotype by environment interaction on the maize hybrids and to identify stable and high yielding hybrids with superior agronomic performance for famers use in Ghana. Thus, fifteen extra-early maize hybrids and three locally released checks were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in two locations in Ghana. The experiment was carried out at KNUST and Akomadan which represent the forest and forest transition zones of Ghana. Nine of the hybrids out of the fifteen hybrids evaluated produce above the average yield and the effect of genotype, location and genotype by location interaction was significant for grain yield. The GGE biplot used in this study revealed that TZEEI-1 x TZEEI-21, TZEEI-6 x TZEEI-21, TZEEI-15 x TZEEI-1 and TZEEI-29 x TZEEI-21 were high yielding and stable hybrids because they were closer to the ideal. The GGE biplot also identified Akomadan as the most ideal testing environment for these hybrids under irrigation.
Can maize farmers in northern Ghana increase economic benefits by applying mo...africa-rising
While insecticide spraying offers the most effective management strategy for insect pests in farmers’ fields, most farmers in Ghana spray only once in most cases. This is not enough to effectively control the insect pests. In this study, the effect of a three spray regime was compared to conventional farmer practice (one spray) on yield and net financial returns of cowpea on-farm. It was established that spraying insecticides three times on cowpea not only increases grain yield and net returns, but also reduces the probability of getting lower yields and financial returns which makes it suitable to smallholder farmers who are usually risk averse.
Population dynamics of ground dwelling spider genera among mustard cropInnspub Net
The present study was designed to record the distribution of ground dwelling spider genera among mustard crop at Okara district. Sampling was made from Brassica compestris crop through pitfall traps. Equal number of traps were placed in three rows e.g. along the boundary, middle of the field and centre of the field. Each trap was filled with mixture solution of alcohol and glycerin (70:30%) along with few drops of kerosene oil. After 5 days interval sample traps was collected and spider specimens were washed with distilled water and permanently stored in labeled glass vials, and brought into the Pest Control Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Thereafter, each spider specimen was identified according to the taxonomic material and internet source. Identified data was analyzed statistically to quantify their spatial distribution. Maximum spatial distribution of spider population was documented in middle transect than boundary and centre of the mustard crop. It was also observed that temperature, humidity and prey availability were the major factors that effecting the spider population. Population variations were recorded during the months of February, March and April in 2015, due to rise of temperature, decrease of humidity and availability of prey. Conclusively, spiders have some correlation with suitable local conditions or habitat. More over, spiders are cost effective, functionally significant and play important role in regulating decomposer population. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/jbes/population-dynamics-of-ground-dwelling-spider-genera-among-mustard-crop/
Rice value chain development 2005-2011: IPMS experiences in Fogera pilot lear...ILRI
1) The document summarizes experiences from 2005-2011 in developing the rice value chain in Fogera Pilot Learning Woredas in Ethiopia through the IPMS project.
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Norman Uphoff presented on improving food production in a water-constrained world through agroecological practices like the System of Rice Intensification (SRI). SRI has led to higher rice yields with less water, fewer inputs, and more resilience to stresses. It has now spread to over 50 countries and is being adapted for other crops. SRI achieves more productive plant phenotypes through improved soil conditions and plant establishment techniques. Trials in several countries found SRI uses 22-35% less water but yields are typically 11-25% higher. SRI also reduces costs, increases profits, and has environmental benefits like less greenhouse gas emissions and groundwater pollution. Uphoff argues SRI shows farmers can meet
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Better crop management options to enhance crop productivity for dryland farmers
1. Better crop management options
through research & simulation studies
to enhance productivity and reduce
risk for dryland farmers.
V. NAGESWARA RAO
Conjoint PhD candidate
WUR(Crop Systems Analysis)-
UTAS (Extensive Agriculture) initiated in 2011
2. Objectives
• Better crop management options to sustain the improved
productivity by intensifying rainfed cropping systems on
Vertisols,
• Reduce the risk of crop failures on lighter Alfisols by
assessing appropriate cropping options
• Suitable for variable ENSO phase dependent seasonal
rainfall.
Our study would address the crop production risks of
rainfed small holder farmers and attract the attention of
policy makers in the region
3. Thesis outline
• CHAPTER I. Review on status of rainfed cropping systems
productivity in Semi-Arid Tropical (SAT) India
• CHAPTER II. Analysis of Dryland cropping systems for crop
intensification and risk minimization options on Vertisols in
assured rainfall regions.
• CHAPTER III. Analysis of modelled peanut cropping systems
for intensification and risk minimization options on Alfisols in
the scarce rainfall zone of South India.
4. Thesis outline
• CHAPTER IV. Cropping choices for synergistic rotations to
sustain improved productivity
• CHAPTER V. Consequences of ENSO based seasonal
rainfall patterns for rainfed crop productivity in the
Semi-Arid Peninsular India.
• CHAPTER IV. General Discussion on suitable options for
Vertisols and Alfisols of the semi-Arid India.
5. Review on status of rainfed
cropping systems productivity
• Rainfed agriculture remains vital for food and fodder security
in the semi-arid tropical (SAT) regions of India
• India’s economy is dependent on income of millions of small
holder farmers
• The problems associated with larger areas of rainfed
agriculture are:
• lower crop yields on Vertisols and Alfisols
• risk-averse low input management strategies of small
holder farmers
• low adoption rates of improved technologies
• accentuated by highly variable seasonal conditions
affecting the national economy
6.
7. Analysis of Dryland cropping systems
for intensification & risk minimization
options on Vertisols
• Traditional fallowing in rainy season and cropping during post-
rainy season on stored soil moisture
• Poor resource utilization
• Low input management of rainfed cropping systems
Results of Analysis for publications
Conference paper: Nageswara Rao, V., Rego, T. J., Meinke, H., Parsons, D., Craufurd, P.
Q., Wani, S. P., Kropff, M. J. (2011) Long-term evaluation of dryland cropping systems intensification for
sustainable production in the semi-arid tropics of India. In: Resilient Food Systems for a Changing World:
Proceedings of the 5th World Congress of Conservation Agriculture incorporating 3rd Farming Systems
Design Conference, 26-29 September 2011, Brisbane, Australia.
Journal paper: Nageswara Rao, V., Meinke, H., Parsons, D., Craufurd, P. Q., Wani, S. P., Kropff, M.
J., Rego, T. J. (draft). Double cropping as viable option sustains the increased productivity of dryland
cropping systems on Vertisols in the SAT India. Targeted to European journal of Agronomy.
9. Analyses of modelled peanut
cropping systems for risk
minimization options on Alfisols
• On Alfisols, Peanut monocropping for decades affected the system
productivity due to diseases;
• uncertain and variable climate resulted in low productivity, crop failures
and fodder insecurity
Results of Analysis for publications
Two Conference papers: 1. Nageswara V Rao , Piara Singh, D Balaguravaiah, J. P. Dimes and
Peter S. Carberry (2004). Systems modeling and farmers’ participatory evaluation of cropping options to
diversify peanut systems in Anantapur region, India. I: APSIM simulations to analyze constraints and
opportunities.
2. V.Nageswara Rao, Piara Singh, Y. Padmalatha, TJ Rego, P Carberry (2004). Systems modeling and farmers’
participatory evaluation of cropping options to diversify peanut systems in Anantapur region, India II:
Farmers’ participatory field assessment of simulated peanut systems . Fischer, T. et al (2004). New
directions for a diverse planet: Proceedings for the 4th International Crop Science Congress, Brisbane,
Australia, 26 September – 1 October 2004.
Two Journal papers: 1. Agricultural Systems
2. Agronomy for Sustainable development
10. Cropping choices for synergistic
rotations to sustain improved
productivity
• A review paper will be prepared on research results
published on the synergistic and antagonistic crops in
rotations in the semi-arid tropics
• Journal paper:V. Nageswara Rao, R. Kalpana Sastry, P.
Craufurd, H. Meinke, David Parsons, T. J. Rego and A. Rathore
(2014). Cropping systems strategies for effective
management of Fusarium wilt in safflower. Field Crops
Research, 156 (2014) 191-198”
11. Consequences of ENSO based
seasonal rainfall patterns for rainfed
crop productivity
Book chapter published:
V. Nageswara Rao, P. Singh, J. Hansen, T. Giridhara Krishna, S. K. Krishna
Murthy (2007). Use of ENSO-based seasonal rainfall forecasting for informed
cropping decisions by farmers in the SAT India. In Climate Prediction and
Agriculture: Advances and Challenges (Eds. M. V. K. Siva Kumar and James
Hansen). ISBN:103-540-44649-4,Pages 165-179. Springer Berlin Heidelberg
New York; WMO, Geneva.
Optional paper:
Nageswara Rao, V., Peter Craufurd, Holger Meinke, David Parsons, and
Rego, T. J. (2013). Cropping systems productivity affected by ENSO related
monsoon rainfall variability in Peninsular India. Pages 115-116.
Seasonal rainfall variability based risk management options for farmers in
low rainfall regions for better crop management decision making
12. Discussion: Suitable dryland cropping
options for Vertisols & Alfisols
• Suitable double cropping and nutrient management on
Vertisols
• Suitable intercrops to minimise crop failure risks on Alfisols
• Synergistic crops in cropping systems for reduction of
diseases and enhanced nutrient availability
• Suitable for ENSO based seasonal rainfall variability in the
region
GOAL: Knowledge based production systems, agriculture as a
dependable enterprises for small holder farmers in dryland
regions.