The document discusses the challenges facing dryland agricultural systems and the CGIAR Research Program on Dryland Systems. It outlines the integrated approach of improving soil, water, and crop management. It then summarizes the objectives and structure of the CRP on Dryland Systems to improve food security and livelihoods through sustainable intensification. Key points include targeting the most vulnerable dryland regions, establishing action sites, developing regional plans, and engaging partners to implement the research program.
Dr. William Payne delivered a presentation on the highlights of the CRO on Dryland Systems at the Launch meeting in Amman in mid-May.
The Dry Areas of the world represent fragile ecosystems, which is to say areas with physical water scarcity, rapid natural resource degradation, groundwater depletion and drought. The prominent features of these, “dryland systems” are that they cover 41% of the earths surface, are home to 2.5 billion people – and the majority of the world’s poor, they have a youth skewed age distribution and 93% of the malnourished people in the world live in them. Consequently, the Dryland Systems CRP will target the poor and highly vulnerable populations of dry areas in developing countries and the agricultural systems on which they depend.
System level outcomes to be addressed by the CG system through CRP1.1 include reduced rural poverty, improved food security, better nutrition and health and the sustainable management of natural resources. Specific outputs have been set for each of the strategic research themes.
Target area selection criteria for SRT2 and SRT3 were chosen during the inception phase. They include the length of the growing period, distribution of poverty, malnutrition, aridity index, environmental risk, land degradation, market access and population density. The CRP will operate at multiple scales and in multiple disciplines from the microbial level to the watershed with 5 crosscutting themes; youth, gender, biodiversity, nutrition and capacity building.
Partnership is a crucial part of he conceptual framework, it is critical to outscaling and impact, it sets research priorities and action sites and partners are an explicit part of overall governance.
Proposed contributions of Africa RISING for AICCRA small ruminant value chain...africa-rising
Presented by Kindu Mekonnen, Peter Thorne, Melkamu Bezabih and Aberra Adie at the Accelerating the impacts of CGIAR climate research in Africa (AICCRA) Virtual team meeting, 21 August 2020
Strengthening Capacity for Diagnosis and Management of Soil Micronutrient Deficiencies in Sub-Saharan Africa for Improved Plant, Animal and Human Nutrition
Food and Nutrition Security in Africa seminar in Helsinki 16 June 2014, Strengthening Capacity for Diagnosis and Management of Soil Micronutrient Deficiencies in Sub-Saharan Africa for Improved Plant, Animal and Human Nutrition, Mercy Nyambura, ICRAF
The Inception Phase Outcomes presentation for West African Sahel and Dryland Savannah was presented by Dr. Antione Kalinganire of IRT at the Launch meeting in Amman in May of 2013.
The nations involved were Burkina Faso, Ghana, Mali, Niger and Nigeria. Inception phase achievements included;
• an intense 6 month period of ground work to characterize the systems and include defining constraints and opportunities
• the organization of regional inception workshop
• participation in the 11th international conference on development of drylands in Beijing
• formulation of hypothesis and defining research questions in different action sites
• building partner capacity
• assembling a work plan and budget
• a review of key partnerships
Key activites were planned including the assembly of baselines for the action site support systems and a quantification of the biomass and resource flow at the action sites. Major partner participation was enlisted from local institutions, regional and international centers and CG centers.
Philip Thornton, Todd Rosenstock, Christine Lamanna, Pat Bell, Wiebke Förch, Ben Henderson, Mario Herrero
CCAFS-ILRI, ICRAF, Ohio State University, GIZ SADC, OECD, CSIRO
Dr. William Payne delivered a presentation on the highlights of the CRO on Dryland Systems at the Launch meeting in Amman in mid-May.
The Dry Areas of the world represent fragile ecosystems, which is to say areas with physical water scarcity, rapid natural resource degradation, groundwater depletion and drought. The prominent features of these, “dryland systems” are that they cover 41% of the earths surface, are home to 2.5 billion people – and the majority of the world’s poor, they have a youth skewed age distribution and 93% of the malnourished people in the world live in them. Consequently, the Dryland Systems CRP will target the poor and highly vulnerable populations of dry areas in developing countries and the agricultural systems on which they depend.
System level outcomes to be addressed by the CG system through CRP1.1 include reduced rural poverty, improved food security, better nutrition and health and the sustainable management of natural resources. Specific outputs have been set for each of the strategic research themes.
Target area selection criteria for SRT2 and SRT3 were chosen during the inception phase. They include the length of the growing period, distribution of poverty, malnutrition, aridity index, environmental risk, land degradation, market access and population density. The CRP will operate at multiple scales and in multiple disciplines from the microbial level to the watershed with 5 crosscutting themes; youth, gender, biodiversity, nutrition and capacity building.
Partnership is a crucial part of he conceptual framework, it is critical to outscaling and impact, it sets research priorities and action sites and partners are an explicit part of overall governance.
Proposed contributions of Africa RISING for AICCRA small ruminant value chain...africa-rising
Presented by Kindu Mekonnen, Peter Thorne, Melkamu Bezabih and Aberra Adie at the Accelerating the impacts of CGIAR climate research in Africa (AICCRA) Virtual team meeting, 21 August 2020
Strengthening Capacity for Diagnosis and Management of Soil Micronutrient Deficiencies in Sub-Saharan Africa for Improved Plant, Animal and Human Nutrition
Food and Nutrition Security in Africa seminar in Helsinki 16 June 2014, Strengthening Capacity for Diagnosis and Management of Soil Micronutrient Deficiencies in Sub-Saharan Africa for Improved Plant, Animal and Human Nutrition, Mercy Nyambura, ICRAF
The Inception Phase Outcomes presentation for West African Sahel and Dryland Savannah was presented by Dr. Antione Kalinganire of IRT at the Launch meeting in Amman in May of 2013.
The nations involved were Burkina Faso, Ghana, Mali, Niger and Nigeria. Inception phase achievements included;
• an intense 6 month period of ground work to characterize the systems and include defining constraints and opportunities
• the organization of regional inception workshop
• participation in the 11th international conference on development of drylands in Beijing
• formulation of hypothesis and defining research questions in different action sites
• building partner capacity
• assembling a work plan and budget
• a review of key partnerships
Key activites were planned including the assembly of baselines for the action site support systems and a quantification of the biomass and resource flow at the action sites. Major partner participation was enlisted from local institutions, regional and international centers and CG centers.
Philip Thornton, Todd Rosenstock, Christine Lamanna, Pat Bell, Wiebke Förch, Ben Henderson, Mario Herrero
CCAFS-ILRI, ICRAF, Ohio State University, GIZ SADC, OECD, CSIRO
Strengthening Capacity for Diagnosis and Management of Soil Micronutrient Deficiencies in Sub-Saharan Africa for Improved Plant, Animal and Human Nutrition, Mercy Nyambura, ICRAF
4 rs of nutrient stewardship A Lecture by Mr Allah Dad Khan Former DG Agri Ex...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
4 rs of nutrient stewardship A Lecture by Mr Allah Dad Khan Former DG Agri Extension KPK/Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan
Introducing the Africa RISING research framework africa-rising
Presented by Joseph Rusike (IITA) at the Africa RISING East and Southern Africa Research Review and Planning Meeting, Arusha, Tanzania, 1-5 October 2012
Taking Forward the Implementation of the Agriculture Priority Actions in NCCAP (2013–2017) Kenyan Experience
A presentation from CCAFS East Africa Regional Program.
Day 1_Session 3_TRIPS_WASDS_Antoine Kalinganire - This presentation outlines the main outcomes of the CRP Dryland Systems inception phase in the West African Sahel and Dry Savannas target region.
Presentation by Robert Nasi, Director of the CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry, on the CGIAR - held at CIFOR's partners' meeting in Nairobi in February 2015.
Development of holistic metrics of agricultural and food system performanceFrancois Stepman
Presentation by Fergus Sinclair - Chief Scientist CIFOR-ICRAF, Center for International Forest Research - World Agroforestry, Co-convener of the TPP, the Transformative Partnership Platform on Agroecology - "Development of holistic metrics of agricultural and food system performance"
Using whole-farm models for policy analysis of Climate Smart AgricultureFAO
www.fao.org/climatechange/epic
This presentation was prepared to as background to the Scientific conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture held in Montpellier, France, on 16-18 March 2015.
Day 1 Session 2 TRIPS WASDS Presentation by Bill Payne - This presentation gives an overview of the CGIAR Research Program on Dryland Agricultural Systems, setting out the conceptual research framework, CGIAR Intermediate Development Outcomes (IDOs), and cross-cutting themes
Strengthening Capacity for Diagnosis and Management of Soil Micronutrient Deficiencies in Sub-Saharan Africa for Improved Plant, Animal and Human Nutrition, Mercy Nyambura, ICRAF
4 rs of nutrient stewardship A Lecture by Mr Allah Dad Khan Former DG Agri Ex...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
4 rs of nutrient stewardship A Lecture by Mr Allah Dad Khan Former DG Agri Extension KPK/Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan
Introducing the Africa RISING research framework africa-rising
Presented by Joseph Rusike (IITA) at the Africa RISING East and Southern Africa Research Review and Planning Meeting, Arusha, Tanzania, 1-5 October 2012
Taking Forward the Implementation of the Agriculture Priority Actions in NCCAP (2013–2017) Kenyan Experience
A presentation from CCAFS East Africa Regional Program.
Day 1_Session 3_TRIPS_WASDS_Antoine Kalinganire - This presentation outlines the main outcomes of the CRP Dryland Systems inception phase in the West African Sahel and Dry Savannas target region.
Presentation by Robert Nasi, Director of the CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry, on the CGIAR - held at CIFOR's partners' meeting in Nairobi in February 2015.
Development of holistic metrics of agricultural and food system performanceFrancois Stepman
Presentation by Fergus Sinclair - Chief Scientist CIFOR-ICRAF, Center for International Forest Research - World Agroforestry, Co-convener of the TPP, the Transformative Partnership Platform on Agroecology - "Development of holistic metrics of agricultural and food system performance"
Using whole-farm models for policy analysis of Climate Smart AgricultureFAO
www.fao.org/climatechange/epic
This presentation was prepared to as background to the Scientific conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture held in Montpellier, France, on 16-18 March 2015.
Day 1 Session 2 TRIPS WASDS Presentation by Bill Payne - This presentation gives an overview of the CGIAR Research Program on Dryland Agricultural Systems, setting out the conceptual research framework, CGIAR Intermediate Development Outcomes (IDOs), and cross-cutting themes
Research on sustainable intensification in the CGIAR research programsILRI
Presented by Iain Wright at the Sustainable intensification of crop-livestock systems to improve food security and farm income diversification in the Ethiopian highlands: Project Design Workshop, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 30 January-2 February 2012.
Dr. William Payne delivered a presentation on the highlights of the CRO on Dryland Systems at the Launch meeting in Amman in mid-May.
The Dry Areas of the world represent fragile ecosystems, which is to say areas with physical water scarcity, rapid natural resource degradation, groundwater depletion and drought. The prominent features of these, “dryland systems” are that they cover 41% of the earths surface, are home to 2.5 billion people – and the majority of the world’s poor, they have a youth skewed age distribution and 93% of the malnourished people in the world live in them. Consequently, the Dryland Systems CRP will target the poor and highly vulnerable populations of dry areas in developing countries and the agricultural systems on which they depend.
System level outcomes to be addressed by the CG system through CRP1.1 include reduced rural poverty, improved food security, better nutrition and health and the sustainable management of natural resources. Specific outputs have been set for each of the strategic research themes.
Target area selection criteria for SRT2 and SRT3 were chosen during the inception phase. They include the length of the growing period, distribution of poverty, malnutrition, aridity index, environmental risk, land degradation, market access and population density. The CRP will operate at multiple scales and in multiple disciplines from the microbial level to the watershed with 5 crosscutting themes; youth, gender, biodiversity, nutrition and capacity building.
Partnership is a crucial part of he conceptual framework, it is critical to outscaling and impact, it sets research priorities and action sites and partners are an explicit part of overall governance.
The Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security Regional Program for Southeast Asia (CCAFS-SEA) recently concluded a collective engagement and communication program workshop at the Agricultural Genetics Institute in Hanoi, Vietnam on 29-30 May.
The workshop participants drew insights from best practices of CGIAR member-centers, developed a roadmap to actively engage partners, and draw an overall communication plan to support the implementation of CCAFS research agenda and priorities.
Presented by Dr. Leocadio Sebastian
ICRISAT Global Planning Meeting 2019: Research Program - West and Central Afr...ICRISAT
The Global Planning Meeting 2019 Improved technologies for sustainably increasing agricultural productivity, achieving food and nutritional security and enhancing income of smallholder farmers in the WCA region.
Durable Solutions to Water Scarcity and Land Degradation, covering issues such as Rainfed:improving soil fertility,land and water management. Irrigation:revitalizing irrigation in Africa and Asia. Wastewater:recovering nutrients and other resources from solid and liquid waste streams. Basins:Managing water and land resources in major agricultural river basins in ways that meet the needs of people and ecosystems
DryArc Interface: R4D framework for collaboration between CGIAR and FAO on Dr...Francois Stepman
DryArc Interface
Chandrashekhar Biradar
Head of Geoinformatics and RDM Unit
Research Theme Leader- GeoAgro and Digital Augmentation
FAO e-Agriculture Webinar, June 15, 2020
CCAFS East Africa sought to depart from business-as-usual
approaches, by engaging leading global and regional
experts, policymakers and other stakeholders to revise
East Africa’s theory of change, impact pathways and
develop an integrated and coherent climate-smart
research for development strategy: that is
• More closely aligned with CCAFS global flagships
and cross-cutting themes to address the major
challenges of agriculture in East Africa under
changing climate;
• Takes into account transformative agricultural
innovations for climate action in agriculture
highlighted in CCAFS phase II proposal and other
CCAFS co-sponsored events; and
• Leads to future research projects well aligned with
national, regional and global priorities that enable
back flowing of proven results and climate-smart
agriculture technological innovations to transform
East Africa’s smallholder agriculture, influence
policies and practices, and create an inclusive
enabling and investment environment.
zkStudyClub - Reef: Fast Succinct Non-Interactive Zero-Knowledge Regex ProofsAlex Pruden
This paper presents Reef, a system for generating publicly verifiable succinct non-interactive zero-knowledge proofs that a committed document matches or does not match a regular expression. We describe applications such as proving the strength of passwords, the provenance of email despite redactions, the validity of oblivious DNS queries, and the existence of mutations in DNA. Reef supports the Perl Compatible Regular Expression syntax, including wildcards, alternation, ranges, capture groups, Kleene star, negations, and lookarounds. Reef introduces a new type of automata, Skipping Alternating Finite Automata (SAFA), that skips irrelevant parts of a document when producing proofs without undermining soundness, and instantiates SAFA with a lookup argument. Our experimental evaluation confirms that Reef can generate proofs for documents with 32M characters; the proofs are small and cheap to verify (under a second).
Paper: https://eprint.iacr.org/2023/1886
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)
AASW6: Crp on dryland systems icarda caas, china 3 4 june, 2013 version 3 accra
1. CGIAR Research Program on
Dryland Systems
The global research partnership to improve food security and livelihoods in the world's dry areas
NSFC-CAAS-ICARDA-ICRISAT Workshop
CAAS, Beijing, China
3-4 June, 2013
Mahmoud Solh
Director General, ICARDA
2. Outline
1. The challenges of the dry areas;
2. The integrated production system
approach in addressing the
challenges facing dry areas;
3. The CGIAR Research Program
(CRP) on Dryland Systems
4. The Inception Phase in 2012 and
Program implementation
5. The outcome of the Launch
Meeting of the CRP on Dryland
Systems.
5. CGIAR Research Program on Dryland Agricultural Production Systems – Launch Meeting, Amman 21-23 May 2013
TitleProminant Features of Drylands
6. Dry Areas: Fragile Agro-Ecosystems
Physical water
scarcity
Rapid natural
resource
degradation and
desertification
Groundwater
depletion
Drought
Salinity
Climate change
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
1982 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006
m
Decrease of the Souss
aquifer level in Morocco
7. Relative change of mean annual precipitation 1980/1999 to 2080/2099, scenario A1b, average of 21 GCMs
(compiled by GIS Unit ICARDA, based on partial maps in Christensen et al., 2007)
Climate Change: Relative change in mean annual precipitation
1980/1999 to 2080/2099
8. Absolute change of mean annual temperature 1980/1999 to 2080/2099, scenario A1b, average of 21 GCMs
(compiled by GIS Unit ICARDA, based on partial maps in Christensen et al., 2007)
Absolute change of mean annual temperature
1980/1999 to 2080/2099
10. Further Challenges to Food Security
in the Developing Countries
Inadequate agricultural policies for
sustainable agricultural development
Insufficient investment in agricultural
research and development
11. 2. The integrated approach
in addressing challenges
facing dry areas
12. The integrated approach involving the three pillars of
sustainable agricultural development in dry areas
Socio-economic & policy,
and institutional support
Sustainable
natural resource
management and
inputs
Crop & livestock
genetic improvement
Integration at farm
and field levels
13. ICARDA’s Research Programs
Biodiversity and Crop
Genetic Improvement
Integrated Water
and Land
Management
Sustainable
Intensification
of Production Systems
Social, Economic and
Policy Research
14. Improving Food Security and Livelihoods in Dry Areas:
Investment in Two Major Agro-ecologies
A. High Potential Dry Areas
Relative higher rainfall areas or areas where irrigation water is
available: the approach to follow is sustainable intensification and
diversification of production systems;
B. Low Potential Dry Areas or Marginal Land
Low rainfall area where production system resilience and risk
management is the approach to follow.
15. 3. The CGIAR Research Program on
Dryland Systems
16. CRP on Drylands Systems: Integrated Agricultural Production
Systems for Improving Food Security and Improving
Livelihoods in Dry Areas
Objectives:
Sustainable productivity growth and
intensified production systems at the
farm and landscape levels
More resilient dryland agro-
ecosystems that can cope with climate
variation and change
Less vulnerable and improved rural
livelihoods
Agricultural innovations systems that
improve the impact of research and
development investments.
17. System Level Outputs
Reducing rural poverty;
Improving food security;
Improving nutrition and health; and
Sustainable management of natural
resources.
18. CRP on Dryland Systems (cont’d)
Two main target agro-ecosystems:
Most vulnerable systems & low
potential areas
Systems with the greatest potential
for impact & Potential
Geographical Regions:
West African Sahel & Dry Savanna
Eastern & Southern Africa
North Africa & West Asia
Central Asia
South Asia
19. CRP on Drylands System:
the integrated and participatory approach
Integrated agro-ecosystems approach to:
• natural resource management
• risk management & adaptation to climate
change
• crop, livestock, tree and fish production
systems
• enabling policy and institutional support
Demand driven, participatory and community-
based approaches
Benchmark sites and pilot locations linked to
other CRPs as platforms for up scaling
Research on effective partnership strategies for
linking research with development.
20. CRP on Drylands System:
Strategic Research Themes (SRTs) and their outputs
SRT1: Approaches and models
for strengthening innovation
systems, building stakeholder
innovation capacity, and linking
knowledge to policy action;
SRT2: Reducing vulnerability and
managing risk through resilient
production systems;
SRT3: Sustainable intensification
for more productive, profitable
and diversified dryland
agriculture with well-established
linkages to markets;
SRT4: Measuring impacts and
cross-regional synthesis.
21. CRP on Dryland Systems:
Action sites & benchmark areas
Circles/ovals indicate
the 5 Target Regions.
23. Target Regions
(chosen through stakeholder meeting)
West African Sahel and dry savannas;
East and Southern Africa;
North Africa and West Asia;
Central Asia and the Caucasus; and
South Asia.
24. Inception Phase Activities 2012
Selection of Action and Satellite Sites
Groundwork to Characterize Benchmark
Areas (two dryland system agro-
ecologies) and Action Sites
Regional Inception Workshops
Interim Interdisciplinary Regional Team
Reports
25. Interim Inter-disciplinary Regional Team Reports
Action site characterization for the two
agro-ecologies of dryland systems;
Description of constraints and problems;
Hypotheses and major research questions;
Outputs, Outcomes, and activities;
Partners;
Impact Pathway and Logframe at regional
level.
26. Regional Report for Western Africa
& Dry Savannas
SRT2: the
KKM (Kano-
Katsina-
Maradi) action
transect
SRT3: the
WBS (Wa-
Bobo-Sikasso)
action transect
27. Regional Report for East and Southern frica
SRT 2 System
Northeastern Kenya to
Southeastern Ethiopia
Comprising Borana,
Somalia and part of
Afar states in Ethiopia;
Marsabit, Garissa,
Wajir, and Isiolo
districts in Kenya.
28. Regional Team Report for South Asia
SRT2 and SRT 3:
Maharashtra,
Karnataka and
Andhra Pradesh
SRT2: Rajasthan
in India and
Pakistan and
Afghanistan
30. Regional Report for East and Southern
Africa (cont’d)
SRT 3 SystemThe Chinyanja Triangle:
Comprising central
and southern Malawi;
the Eastern Province
of Zambia;
and the Tete Province
of Mozambique.
31. North Africa and West Asia
SRT2: south
Jordan, Syria,
south Turkey,
and west and
north Iraq;
SRT3: High
rainfall areas
(>500 mm) of the
northern parts of
the Morocco,
Algeria and
Tunisia.
32. Regional Team Report for South Asia
SRT2 and SRT 3:
Maharashtra,
Karnataka and
Andhra Pradesh
SRT2: Rajasthan
in India and
Pakistan and
Afghanistan
37. Development of a global
Program based on the outcome
of Regional Inception
Workshops;
Development of global
logframe;
Development of Intermediate
Development Outcomes across
regions;
Meeting of Steering Committee;
Meeting of Independent
Science Advisory Committee.
Major Outputs of Launch Meeting
38. CRP on Drylands System:
Intermediate Development Outcomes (IDOs)
1. More stable and higher per capita income for households
(above an asset threshold) through sustainable
intensification and diversification of production systems in
higher potential dry areas;
2. More resilient livelihoods for vulnerable households in
marginal lands;
3. Women and children in vulnerable households have year
round access to greater quantity and diversity of food
sources and better income ;
4. More sustainable and equitable management of land and
water resources in pastoral and agro-pastoral systems;
39. CRP on Drylands System:
Intermediate Development Outcomes (IDOs)
5. Impact through better functioning markets
underpinning intensification and diversification of rural
livelihoods;
6. More integrated, effective and connected service
delivery institutions underpinning system
intensification in rural areas;
7. Policy reform removing constraints and providing
incentives rural households to engage in more
sustainable practices that intensify and improve
resilience
40. 5. Farmers and pastoralists
(especially women) have
better access to more
diverse, efficient and
equitable markets
6. More integrated,
effective and connected
service delivery
institutions underpinning
system intensification
and resilience
7. Policy reform to remove
constraints and improve
incentives to rational
management of natural resources
4. Multiple stakeholders in
pastoral / agropastoral
areas, use evidence based
ecosystem management,
at community level, in the
governance of common and
privately managed land and
water resources
3. NARES and health sector
organizations work together and
adopt diagnostic and systematic
research approaches to
promoting and developing
interventions to improve
vulnerable women and
children’s access to, and
control of, more and more
diverse food sources,
throughout the year
1. NARES use tools, methods
and processes to generate and
customize improved
resilience options for
targeted groups of vulnerable
households in marginal lands.
2. NARES use tools, methods
and processes to generate
and customize improved
intensification options for
targeted groups of
households in relatively high
potential areas.
Interrelations among IDOs
41. Governance and management
Team x
CG Centers
ARIs
NARS
Team 3
CG Centers
ARIs
NARS
Team 2
CG Centers
ARIs
NARS
Team 1
CG Centers
ARIs
NARS
Organization of Dryland Systems
Steering Committee
Research Management Committee
Coordinator
Region 1
Coordinator
Region 2
Coordinator
Region 3
Coordinator
Region x
Leadership&Execution
Consortium Board
Lead Center: ICARDA
Research Management Committee:
CRP Leader (chair), Regional and Learning
Site Coordinators
Interdisciplinary Research Teams
Performance Contract
CRP Lead Center:ICARDA
Steering Committee: CGIAR Center DGs;
CRP Leader, NARS leaders, ARI leaders,
development partners
Regional
Stakeholder
Advisory
Committees
Independent
Science
Advisers
43. Global partners in the design, development and implementation
of CRP on Dryland Systems
International centers
ICARDA Bioversity FAO ILRI WorldFish
ICRISAT CIAT ICBA IWMI
AVRDC CIP ICRAF SSA-CP
Global and Regional Fora
AARINENA CACAARI FORAGRO
ASARECA CORAF/WECARD GFAR
APAARI FARA
National Research Institutions
Afghanistan: MAIL Mali: INSAH/CILSS
Bangladesh: BARI Morocco: INRA
Brazil: EMBRAPA Niger: INRAN
Burkina Faso: INERA Nigeria: ARC
China: CAAS Pakistan: BARI, CSO, PARC, SSD
Egypt: ARC South Africa: CSIR, Univ. of Ft Hare, WRC
Ethiopia: EIAR, Arba Minch University Sudan: ARC
France: CIRAD Syria: GCSAR, Agha Khan Foundation
Ghana: ARI, CSIR Tajikistan: TAAS
India: ICAR, CRIDA, CAZRI, FES, NRAA, Watershed
Organization Trust
Tunisia: IRA
Turkmenistan: National Farmers’ Association, NAS
Iran: AREEO Turkey: AARI
Jordan: NCARE USA: USDA
Kazakhstan: South-Western Scientific Production Center
of Agriculture
Uzbekistan: Kashkadarya Research Institute
Kenya: KARI Zambia: University of Zambia
7. The Fragile Ecosystem of Dry Areas:- The non tropical dry areas, ICARDA’s mandate, areas is the most physical water scarce area of the world. Mean annual per capita share of the region is now below 2000 m3. In some countries it drops below 100 mm annual. With high population growth and depletion the projections for the coming years are alarming and most of the countries will drop below the poverty water scarcity line. - The agro-ecosystems are mainly fragile with rapid land degradation especially in marginal and irrigated areas.- Not only land but groundwater resources are under pressure for increase use and is rapidly declining in both amounts and quality.- Drought is a main feature of the dry areas - With climate change it is expected that water resources will be negatively effected and drought will intensify.
In these 5 areas the Dryland Systems CRP will strive to include all major players: farming communities, national research and extension systems, policy makers, international and regional organizations, advanced research institutes, civil society and non-governmental organizations, the private sector, and development agencies.The CRP will bring together people and institutions to provide the expertise needed at each stage of the research-development continuum. At the same time the research aims to identify international public goods that can be out-scaled rapidly to other areas with similar agro-ecologies and system properties, so that research findings can be rapidly disseminated and adopted. One of its major principles is involvement on the ground of multiple stakeholders in each region and community. The Dryland Systems CRP will start with a needs assessment among stakeholders on a regional basis, with a view towards defining activities for the first three years to attain program objectives.
Groundwork. In all five Target Regions, interim Interdisciplinary Research Teams (iIRT) were formed from a variety of partners that included national, regional and international agricultural research and development organizations. Their tasks were to:Identify, prioritize, and select major production systems within each Target Region, as well as Target Areas and Action Sites. Action Sites were to be selected using seven criteria, summarized below:Accessibility, proximity to research facilities (partners, CGIAR centers);Potentially amenable to test research hypothesis;Representativeness;Potential for out-scaling: supportive institutional environment, other actors that can support achieving significant and relative impact, target population size;Ability to attract resources; andPotential intersection and synergy with other CRPs.Characterize Target Areas and Action sites to fill in critical information gaps and identify major constraints to and opportunities for achieving Outcomes associated with SRTs for the two broad categories of Dryland Systems, i.e.: Reducing vulnerability and managing risk through increased resilience (SRT2); andSustainable intensification for more productive, profitable and diversified dryland agriculture with well-established linkages to markets (SRT3).Develop a research proposal to achieve the SRT Outcomes for presentation and discussion with stakeholdersat subsequent Regional Inception Workshops (RIWs). For each Target Region, proposals were to characterize production systems, identify putative Action Sites, potential partners, major constraints, and targeted research interventions. Regional Inception Workshops: Five regional workshops were organized by the iIRTs and held with the following objectives: Inform the various partners of progress in the Dryland Systems CRP including its overall scope, approach and intended impacts both globally and within each Target Region;Revisit and finalize Target Areas, and the Action and Satellite Sites, where the majority of the research will be implemented;Characterize sites for their agro-ecosystems and livelihoods;Identification of major constraints;Analysis of successes and failures in the Target Areas;Form hypotheses and research questions for Action Sites; Identify and prioritize research-for-development undertakings to address these hypotheses and questions;Develop detailed work plans, specific research activities, approaches and methods, partnerships and stakeholders, and needed budgets;Discuss and agree on the elements for a complete logframe to be completed after the RIW;Identify linkages with other CRPs and engagement strategies for joint research;Discuss elements for the Capacity Development Plan using Innovation Platforms, to be finalized after the RIW; andDiscuss and agree on the elements for the Monitoring and Evaluation Plan at the Regional level, to be finalized after the RIW.
Following the completion of Groundwork and the RIWs, workshop outputs were consolidated and integrated into an Inception Phase Report and into the fourth proposal version by the Dryland Systems Director, in consultation with the many partners who make up the CRP. The iIRT reports ranged were 100--180 pages in length, and in effect provide the first output of International Public Goods of the Dryland Systems CRP. They provide a wealth of biophysical and socioeconomic characterization data for the various SRT2 and SRT3 dryland systems. They also summarize constraints and opportunities, and describe potential partners, successes, and failures in the Target Regions. They also include an Implementation Phase section, which includes key research questions, hypotheses, impact pathways, and logframes with specific outputs, outcomes, and activities. On a very practical level, they therefore provide key information with which to revise the Dryland Systems CRP proposal and address the “must-haves” of the ISPC and FC.
The SRT 2 site extends from Northeastern Kenya up to Southeastern Ethiopia. It comprises Borana, Somalia and part of Afar states in Ethiopia and Marsabit, Garissa, Wajir, and Isiolo districts in Kenya.The SRT 3 site is the Chinyanja Triangle (CT) covering central and southern Malawi, the Eastern Province of Zambia, and the Tete Province of Mozambique.
Site SelectionWhen using the criteria laid down across the CRP, namely aridity, length of the growing period, rainfall variability, access to irrigation, land degradation and market access, it became apparent that Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh in India all have large SRT2 and SRT3 areas, while Rajasthan in India and Pakistan and Afghanistan are mainly SRT2. Based on a higher poverty index, pockets of Rajasthan and Andhra Pradesh are still important for SRT2, and much of Maharashtra and Karnataka for SRT3. Parts of Pakistan in the region of Chakwal have pockets of high poverty for both SRT2 and SRT3.
Aral Sea and Rasht and Kyzyl-Suu valleys for SRT 2 areas in the CA&C region. The Fergana Valley readily characterizes the SRT 3 areas in the Central Asia & Caucasus region. ClimatePrecipitationPrecipitation varies between the flat alluvial plain areas of the Fergana Valley which receive 150 to 250mm of precipitation per year and the mountains and foothills which receive between 300 and 600mm per year. There are two rainy seasons per year in the spring and autumn. Number of days with precipitations (of 0.1 mm or more): Winter 19-23Spring 17-19Summer 5-8Autumn 10-12The coefficient of variation (CV) of annual precipitation in the region (n = 50) is 24-35%. TemperatureAverage annual temperatures range from 7-11°C in the foothills of the eastern part of the valley) and up to 14-15°C in the plains. Average maximum temperatures in July are from 34-35 ° C in the plains and up to 25-30°C in the foothills. The absolute maximum is 43.9°C. Average minimum temperatures in January are from -3° C - 2° C in the flat part and -9° C to -4°C in the foothills. The absolute minimum is – 28.7°C in the plains.SoilsIn the system of latitude soil-climatic zones, the flat part of the Fergana Valley is a desert area with gray-brown, sandy desert and takyr soils.According to the scheme of the provincial division, the Fergana Valley is included in the Central Asian soil and climatic province, which is characterized by continental climate (dry) and specific subtropical soils differ from soils of the more northern regions of Eurasia.In the irrigated lands in the Valley there are mainly medium loamy soils (43.8%), clay and loamy soils (21.0%), loamy (24.8%), sandy loamy and sandy soils (10.3%), stony gravel and crushed stone on the surface of the soil (0.1%).Land use and coverThe main crops in the Fergana Valley are cotton, wheat, vegetables, melons, orchards and vineyards, perennial plants, and other crops. The leading crop is cotton. The area under cotton covers 35-40% of the total area in the Andijan region. Land degradationIn Fergana valley salt affected soil is observed as 11.4% of total irrigated area. Great damage to the national economy of the republic is caused by mudslides. Protection of land from wind and water erosions is one of the most pressing issues for further development of agricultural production, protection and improvement of land use. Water resourcesThe main sources of water in the Fergana Valley are:• The River Karadarya - mixed filling• The Naryn river - mixed filling• The Maylisay and Tentaksay - snow filling• The Syrdarya RiverAccording to the annual report of Narin-Kara-Dayra and Sokh-Syrdara River Basin Authority 95 to 96% of water, on low water years, is used for irrigation. In the Fergana Valley, the quality of irrigation water meets water quality requirements for irrigation. Salinity of water in the rivers and small streams is low. In the flood period in April and May), the silt content in rivers and small streams increases to a noticeable level especially in the foothill areas. Downstream silt content increases due to wastewater and channel deformations. At the south part of the Andijan region (Booz, Ulugnar, Balykchy), collected drainage water is used for irrigation as its salinity is low and it meets the requirements for irrigation.Farming systemsIn the mountains of Fergana Valley, the following crops are grown: natural feeds, almonds, walnuts and wild rose. In the foothills wheat, barley, alfalfa, sainfoin, horticultures, large fruits and potato are grown. On the plains wheat, cotton, tobacco, maize, potato, onion, carrot, beans, vegetables, melons, fruit and berry crops, alfalfa and greenhouse crops are grown. Livestock is an important part of the Fergana Valley’s agriculture, contributing to the insuring of the population with food and industries by the raw materials. Depending on the natural-climatic conditions of the region, livestock can be divided into intensive (industrial), extensive (grazing), and domestic. Dairy cattle breeding, poultry farming is concentrated in the suburban area of irrigation. Pasture livestock is concentrated in the area with the lowest natural resource potential on private lands.Depending on the natural-climatic conditions of the region it can be divided into intensive (industrial), extensive (grazing), and domestic livestock. Dairy cattle breeding and poultry farming is concentrated in the suburban irrigated area.Institutional Support and PoliciesThe Institute "Uzdaverloyiha" together with the research and project organizations of the republic developed a "scheme of erosion control measures in the Republic of Uzbekistan", which defines the series of measures on erosion control, and their scale and sequence of operations.
The SRT 2 site extends from Northeastern Kenya up to Southeastern Ethiopia. It comprises Borana, Somalia and part of Afar states in Ethiopia and Marsabit, Garissa, Wajir, and Isiolo districts in Kenya.The SRT 3 site is the Chinyanja Triangle (CT) covering central and southern Malawi, the Eastern Province of Zambia, and the Tete Province of Mozambique.
The two benchmark areas include south Jordan, Syria, south Turkey, and west and north Iraq for SRT2, and the high rainfall areas (>500 mm) of the northern parts of the Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia for SRT3.
Site SelectionWhen using the criteria laid down across the CRP, namely aridity, length of the growing period, rainfall variability, access to irrigation, land degradation and market access, it became apparent that Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh in India all have large SRT2 and SRT3 areas, while Rajasthan in India and Pakistan and Afghanistan are mainly SRT2. Based on a higher poverty index, pockets of Rajasthan and Andhra Pradesh are still important for SRT2, and much of Maharashtra and Karnataka for SRT3. Parts of Pakistan in the region of Chakwal have pockets of high poverty for both SRT2 and SRT3.
Aral Sea and Rasht and Kyzyl-Suu valleys for SRT 2 areas in the CA&C region. The Fergana Valley readily characterizes the SRT 3 areas in the Central Asia & Caucasus region. ClimatePrecipitationPrecipitation varies between the flat alluvial plain areas of the Fergana Valley which receive 150 to 250mm of precipitation per year and the mountains and foothills which receive between 300 and 600mm per year. There are two rainy seasons per year in the spring and autumn. Number of days with precipitations (of 0.1 mm or more): Winter 19-23Spring 17-19Summer 5-8Autumn 10-12The coefficient of variation (CV) of annual precipitation in the region (n = 50) is 24-35%. TemperatureAverage annual temperatures range from 7-11°C in the foothills of the eastern part of the valley) and up to 14-15°C in the plains. Average maximum temperatures in July are from 34-35 ° C in the plains and up to 25-30°C in the foothills. The absolute maximum is 43.9°C. Average minimum temperatures in January are from -3° C - 2° C in the flat part and -9° C to -4°C in the foothills. The absolute minimum is – 28.7°C in the plains.SoilsIn the system of latitude soil-climatic zones, the flat part of the Fergana Valley is a desert area with gray-brown, sandy desert and takyr soils.According to the scheme of the provincial division, the Fergana Valley is included in the Central Asian soil and climatic province, which is characterized by continental climate (dry) and specific subtropical soils differ from soils of the more northern regions of Eurasia.In the irrigated lands in the Valley there are mainly medium loamy soils (43.8%), clay and loamy soils (21.0%), loamy (24.8%), sandy loamy and sandy soils (10.3%), stony gravel and crushed stone on the surface of the soil (0.1%).Land use and coverThe main crops in the Fergana Valley are cotton, wheat, vegetables, melons, orchards and vineyards, perennial plants, and other crops. The leading crop is cotton. The area under cotton covers 35-40% of the total area in the Andijan region. Land degradationIn Fergana valley salt affected soil is observed as 11.4% of total irrigated area. Great damage to the national economy of the republic is caused by mudslides. Protection of land from wind and water erosions is one of the most pressing issues for further development of agricultural production, protection and improvement of land use. Water resourcesThe main sources of water in the Fergana Valley are:• The River Karadarya - mixed filling• The Naryn river - mixed filling• The Maylisay and Tentaksay - snow filling• The Syrdarya RiverAccording to the annual report of Narin-Kara-Dayra and Sokh-Syrdara River Basin Authority 95 to 96% of water, on low water years, is used for irrigation. In the Fergana Valley, the quality of irrigation water meets water quality requirements for irrigation. Salinity of water in the rivers and small streams is low. In the flood period in April and May), the silt content in rivers and small streams increases to a noticeable level especially in the foothill areas. Downstream silt content increases due to wastewater and channel deformations. At the south part of the Andijan region (Booz, Ulugnar, Balykchy), collected drainage water is used for irrigation as its salinity is low and it meets the requirements for irrigation.Farming systemsIn the mountains of Fergana Valley, the following crops are grown: natural feeds, almonds, walnuts and wild rose. In the foothills wheat, barley, alfalfa, sainfoin, horticultures, large fruits and potato are grown. On the plains wheat, cotton, tobacco, maize, potato, onion, carrot, beans, vegetables, melons, fruit and berry crops, alfalfa and greenhouse crops are grown. Livestock is an important part of the Fergana Valley’s agriculture, contributing to the insuring of the population with food and industries by the raw materials. Depending on the natural-climatic conditions of the region, livestock can be divided into intensive (industrial), extensive (grazing), and domestic. Dairy cattle breeding, poultry farming is concentrated in the suburban area of irrigation. Pasture livestock is concentrated in the area with the lowest natural resource potential on private lands.Depending on the natural-climatic conditions of the region it can be divided into intensive (industrial), extensive (grazing), and domestic livestock. Dairy cattle breeding and poultry farming is concentrated in the suburban irrigated area.Institutional Support and PoliciesThe Institute "Uzdaverloyiha" together with the research and project organizations of the republic developed a "scheme of erosion control measures in the Republic of Uzbekistan", which defines the series of measures on erosion control, and their scale and sequence of operations.
1) Increasing resilience to biophysical and socioeconomic shocks despite marginal conditions; and 2) Sustainable intensification of production systems to reduce food insecurity and generate more income.
Provisional Intermediate Development Outcomes (IDOs)
Lead Center will have responsibility for governance, fiduciary oversight and financial management through the performance contract with the Consortium Board Steering Committee (SC), chaired by Lead Center, will include Directors General or representatives of participating CGIAR Centers, and a weighted representation of other partners (NARS, ARIs, development partners, etc.). SC will be responsible for overall direction of the CRP, monitoring and resource allocation.Research Management Committee (RMC), chaired by CRP Leader, will consist of the Coordinators of the Interdisciplinary Research Teams for each target region, and will be responsible for overall coordination and management of the research agendaCoordinators of Regional Interdisciplinary Teams will ensure that each SRT is effectively implemented, coordinated, delivered, and monitored/assessed within each target region, and through the RMC ensure that regional results are synthesized and integrated at a global scale. They will maintain strong relationships with partner institutions, donors and stakeholders in each region through the Regional Stakeholder Advisory Committees. Independent Scientific Advisors (ISA) will form a standing panel of world-class scientific experts on the main subjects of each SRT, provide advice on quality of science and oversight of SRTs across regions, ensuring that the implementation follows the conceptual framework of CRP1.1. They report to SC.CRP Leader will provide overall leadership in the R4D agenda in consultation with SC and RMC.