- Conservation agriculture aims to conserve soil and water resources through minimal soil disturbance, maintaining soil cover through crop residues, and implementing crop rotations. It can help improve yields and resource use efficiency for smallholder farmers in dryland regions.
- Dryland agriculture relies on moisture conservation practices due to limited and variable rainfall. Conservation agriculture helps trap more rainfall in the soil by reducing erosion and evaporation.
- The key principles of conservation agriculture for drylands are minimum soil disturbance through no-till planting, maintaining soil cover through crop residues, and crop rotations including legumes. This conserves soil moisture while improving soil health. Research shows conservation agriculture can increase yields, profits, and land use efficiency compared to conventional tillage systems in dry
Conservation tillage, Practices used in Conservation Tillagescience book
This is presentation on topic of Conservation Tillage, it gives You information about conservation tillage, types of conservation tillage, Practices used in conservation tillage. It enhanced Your knowledge about conservation tillage.
Conservation Agriculture (CA) is a concept for resource-saving agricultural crop production system that strives to achieve acceptable profits together with high and sustained production levels while conserving the environment.
It is based on minimum tillage, crop residue retention, and crop rotations, has been proposed as an alternative system combining benefits for the farmer with advantages for the society.
Conservation Agriculture remains an important technology that improves soil processes, controls soil erosion and reduces production cost.
Conservation tillage, Practices used in Conservation Tillagescience book
This is presentation on topic of Conservation Tillage, it gives You information about conservation tillage, types of conservation tillage, Practices used in conservation tillage. It enhanced Your knowledge about conservation tillage.
Conservation Agriculture (CA) is a concept for resource-saving agricultural crop production system that strives to achieve acceptable profits together with high and sustained production levels while conserving the environment.
It is based on minimum tillage, crop residue retention, and crop rotations, has been proposed as an alternative system combining benefits for the farmer with advantages for the society.
Conservation Agriculture remains an important technology that improves soil processes, controls soil erosion and reduces production cost.
The portion of a plant left in the field after harvest of the crop that is (straw, stalks, stems, leaves, roots) not used domestically or sold commercially”. The non – economical plant parts that are left in the field after harvest and remains that are generated from packing sheds or that are discarded during crop processing. Organic recycling has to play a key role in achieving sustainability in agricultural production. Multipurpose uses of crop residue include, but are not limited to, animal feeding, soil mulching, bio-manure, thatching of rural homes and fuel for domestic and industrial use. Thus, crop residues are of tremendous value to the farmers. Crop residue benefit the soil physically, chemically as well as biologically.
Conservation agriculture useful for meeting future food demands and also contributing to sustainable agriculture.
Conservation agriculture helps to minimizing the negative environmental effect and equally important to increased income to help the livelihood of those employed in agril. Production.
Introduction of conservation technologies (CT) was an important break through for sustaining productivity, It seeks to conserve, improve and make more efficient use of natural resources through integrated management of soil, water, crops and other biological resources in combination with selected external inputs.
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The portion of a plant left in the field after harvest of the crop that is (straw, stalks, stems, leaves, roots) not used domestically or sold commercially”. The non – economical plant parts that are left in the field after harvest and remains that are generated from packing sheds or that are discarded during crop processing. Organic recycling has to play a key role in achieving sustainability in agricultural production. Multipurpose uses of crop residue include, but are not limited to, animal feeding, soil mulching, bio-manure, thatching of rural homes and fuel for domestic and industrial use. Thus, crop residues are of tremendous value to the farmers. Crop residue benefit the soil physically, chemically as well as biologically.
Conservation agriculture useful for meeting future food demands and also contributing to sustainable agriculture.
Conservation agriculture helps to minimizing the negative environmental effect and equally important to increased income to help the livelihood of those employed in agril. Production.
Introduction of conservation technologies (CT) was an important break through for sustaining productivity, It seeks to conserve, improve and make more efficient use of natural resources through integrated management of soil, water, crops and other biological resources in combination with selected external inputs.
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Ways to address moisture stress under dryland conditionsmuskanporwal6
Water has been inherently a scarce resource in the semi arid tropics. Agriculture has been the major user of this constantly limiting resource. The basic and foremost constraint of drylands is the uneven distribution of rains. Erratic rainfall results in widely fluctuating production, leading to production deficit and causing land degradation through soil erosion and reduced groundwater recharge. And the effect being crop failures. There are various approaches to deal with the moisture stress in drylands. Water harvesting, agronomic approaches for in-situ moisture conservation, conservation agriculture and measures for efficient utilization of the stored moisture through genetic approaches, selection of suitable crops and varieties and different planting methods etc.Thus with the collaboration with appropriate government policies and institutional support and development of various drought resistance varieties the and associated measures the moisture stress in dryland areas can be minimized effectively and efficiently.
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Farming in India is becoming hard and unsuccessful due to several causes like unexpected rainfalls,droughts, increased cost of cultivation due to pests and diseases, decrease in productivity of land, unavailability of water etc..
Farmers get very low income for their produce due to prevailing market prices that are very unstable.
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Solution….
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Project introduction
Selected crop information
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Conclusion
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Conservation agriculture & what is the role in dryland
1. PROFESSOR JAYASHANKAR TELANGANA
STATE AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY,
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE , RAJENDRA NAGAR
CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE
AND WHAT IS THE ROLE IN
DRYLANDS
BY
SHAIKH WASIM CHAND
RAM / 15-13
2. Introduction
• Conservation agriculture aims to conserve ,
improve and make more efficient use of natural
resources through integrated management of
available soil, water and biological resources
combined with external inputs. (FAO)
• The concept of conservation agriculture evolved
from zero tillage.
• Its objective is economically, ecologically and
socially sustainable agricultural production.
3. What is Drylands
• The areas receiving annual rainfall more than
750 mm.
• These are arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid
areas.
• Moisture conservation practices are necessary
for crop production.
4. WHY IT IS NEEDED ?
• It is conserve soil and moisture.
• Water is limiting factor in dryland agriculture so
conservation of moisture is needed.
• It conserve natural resources like land, water.
• Total cultivated area of India is 143 M ha out of this
108 M ha area is under dryland.
• Conservation agriculture balances yields, resource
conservation and increased efficiency for smallholder
farmers.
7. Minimum Soil Disturbance :
• Direct planting through the soil cover without
seed bed preparation.
• Minimal soil disturbance means no tillage.
• Minimum mechanical soil disturbance which
is essential to maintaining minerals within the
soil.
• Reduce erosion and prevent water loss.
8. • NT plus mulch reduces surface soil crusting,
increases water infiltration, reduces run-off
and gives higher yield than tilled soils
(Cassel et al. 1995;Thierfelder et al. 2005).
• Similarly, the surface residue, anchored or
loose, protects the soil from wind erosion
(Michels et al. 1995).
• Producers can save 30% to 40% of time and
labour by practicing the no-till process. (FAO)
9.
10. Maintaining Soil Cover & Crop Residues
-Protects the soil surface from aggregate destruction.
- Enhances water infiltration.
- Reduces soil erosion.
-Helps to maintain soil temperature.
-Increase in organic matter.
-The energy of raindrop falling on a bare soil result in
destruction of soil aggregates, clogging of soil pores and
rapid reduction in water infiltration with resulting run-off
and soil erosion.
-
11. • The relationship between soil loss by wind
erosion and the percent of soil cover.
• Covering 20 % of the surface reduced soil
losses by 57 %
• Covering 50 % reduced soil losses by 95 %
compared to soil with no cover.
• Crop residues reduces runoff losses and
protecting soil surface that are prone to
crusting from raindrop action.
• It also reduce evaporation losses.
Fryer (1985)
12. Crop selection & Crop Rotation
• Crop selection and choice of cultivars are
important decisions made by producers for
dryland agriculture.
• Crops should have a short stature with limited
leaf area to minimize transpiration.
• Crops have deep dense root system to procure
the soil water.
13. • Use early maturing crops.
• Plants mature before available soil moisture is
exhausted.
• Crop diversification remains an important step
towards the goal of increasing profitability and
sustainability of dryland agriculture.
• Crop rotation should be including legumes.
14. Soil & Water Conservation Practices :
• Soil and water conserved through by applying
- Minimum or Zero Tillage
- Crop residue management
- Mulching
Improved Tillage Practices :
• Early seed bed preparation for timely sowing.
• Enabling precipitation to entering in the soil.
15. Improved Fertility Practices :
• Drylands are sometimes more hungry than
thirsty.
• Placement of a basal dose of nutrients.
• Split application of nitrogen.
Alternate Land Use Systems :
• Alternate land use systems are the means of
stabilizing the productivity of land use systems
practiced in drylands are,
- Alley cropping
-Ley farming
16. Problems in Applying Conservation
Agriculture in Dryland Regions
• Competitive uses of crop residues
• Weed preponderance
• Lower crop yields
• Lack of new implements and operating skills
17. • Nutrient immobilization
• Carry over of Insect-pests and Diseases pathogen
• Low investment capacity of dryland farmers
• Lack of sufficient research on conservation
agriculture in drylands
18.
19. Cost of Field Operation –Cereal/Legume Rainfed Rotation under
Conservation Agriculture and Conventional Agriculture (Syria 2008-09)
Crop Operation Conventional tillage Conservation agriculture
Cereals Cultivation Duck-foot 1000
Seeding Cereal drill 800 ZT planter 800
Weed control Pre-plant. Glyphosate (750)
Post-em. 1600 Post-em 1600
Total cereals 3400 2400
Lentil Plough MB or Disc 2500
Cultivation Duck-foot 1000
Seeding Cereal drill 800 ZT planter 800
Weed control Pre-plant. Glyphosate (750)
Post-em 3100 Post-em 3100
Harvesting 20 L/day/ha 3500 22 L/day/ha 3850
Total lentil 10900 7750
TOTAL SYSTEM 14300 10150
Source : ICARDA
20. Yield, Production and Land-use efficiency as influenced by
Maize based Cropping System (Mean of 3 years)
Treatment Maize
yield
(t/ha)
Yield of
cropping
system
(t/ha)
Maize
equivalent
yield (t/ha)
Duration
of
cropping
system
(days)
Production
efficiency
(kg/ha/day)
Land use
efficiency
%
Cropping
system
Maize-Pea 4.24 2.48 7.96 240 33.2 65.8
Maize-Ind. Must. 4.11 1.38 7.56 262.5 28.8 71.9
Maize -Frenchbean 4.21 4.91 10.10 238 42.4 65.2
Maize-Groundnut 4.25 1.67 8.43 258 32.7 70.7
Maize-Fallow 4.16 4.16 135 30.8 37
Mulch
Without mulch 2.34 8.03 247 32.7 67.7
With mulch 2.88 8.99 252.3 35.8 69.1
V.K CHOUDHARY & SURESH KUMAR (2013)
21. Tillage Operations and Power Requirement
Tillage operation Power
(hp/m)
Time
(h/ha)
Fuel consumption
(l/ha)
Number of
passes
Conventional tillage:
• Deep tillage
• Secondary tillage
• Seed bed preparation
• Seeding
100 to 140
50 – 70
20 – 30
15 – 25
15
6.5 to 8.5
3.0 - 4.0
2.0 - 2.5
1.0 - 1.5
0.5
31 to 45
10 – 15
10 – 12
6 – 8
5
4
Reduced tillage:
• Stubble plowing
• Seed bed preparation
• Seeding
50 to 70
20 – 30
15 – 25
15
3.5 to 5.0
2.0 - 3.0
1.0 - 1.5
0.5
21 to 25
10 – 12
6 – 8
5
3
Minimum tillage:
• Disc harrowing
• Seeding
30 to 40
15 – 25
15
2.0 to 2.5
1.0 - 1.5
0.5
11 to 13
5 - 8
5
2
No-till 25 to 35 0.6 to 1.0 5 to 7 1
Source : ICARDA
22. Effect of Tillage and Mode of Mulch
Application on Grain Yield of Corn (q ha-1) BHATT et al 2004
Mode of Mulch
Application
Tillage Mean
Tm Tc
Mw 41.4 39.1 40.3
M1/3rd 33.1 32.0 32.6
Ms 33.0 31.6 32.3
Mv 25.6 25.0 25.3
Mo 25.5 24.6 25.1
Mean
CD (5%)
31.7
Tillage (T) = NS
Mulching (M)=1.04
T x M = NS
30.5
Tm = Minimum tillage, Tc = Conventional tillage, Mw= Mulch on the whole plot,
M1/3rd= Mulch on the lower 1/3rd of the plot,
Ms=Strip mulching, Mv= Vertical mulching, Mo= Control bare plots
23. Effect of tillage depth and mulching practices on soil water storage depletion
(mm) from different soil layers for a period of 132 days
(averaged over first 2 years data)
Treatments Soil Depth (cm)
0-15 15-30 30-60 60-90 90-120
Tillage
Conventional tillage 17.6 17.5 30.7 33.0 25.0
Shallow tillage 17.1 18.2 31.2 33.9 26.0
LSD (T) 0.34 0.55 n.s n.s n.s
Mulching
No mulch 17.2 18.7 25.7 28.0 27.8
Soil dust mulch 18.0 18.4 29.7 31.0 26.4
Straw mulch 16.9 16.4 37.4 41.2 22.2
LSD (M) 0.82 1.72 6.42 3.46 4.17
LSD (T x M) n.s n.s n.s n.s n.s
S. Sarkar et al (2007)
24. Effect of Tillage and Mulching on Soil Erosion in
Hill Slope (5-15%) (Bangladesh)
Treatments Dry weight of eroded soil (t/ha)
Mulch 22.25
No mulch 58.02
Zero-tillage (dibble) 23.77
Minimum tillage (furrow planting
Conventional
35.68
Tillage (Spading) 61.13
Zero-tillage + Mulch 13.12
Zero-tillage + no Mulch 34.43
Minimum tillage + Mulch 20.12
Minimum tillage + no Mulch 51.24
Conventional tillage + Mulch 33.43
Conventional tillage + no Mulch 88.85
MIAH Md. Muslem Uddin