Los días 20 y 21 de mayo de 2014, la Fundación Ramón Areces organizó el Simposio Internacional 'Microorganismos beneficiosos para la agricultura y la protección de la biosfera' dentro de su programa de Ciencias de la Vida y de la Materia.
Root exudates are chemicals secreted by plant roots into the soil. They perform several important functions, such as regulating soil microbes, encouraging symbiotic relationships, and changing soil chemical and physical properties. Root exudates are categorized as either low or high molecular weight compounds. Low molecular weight exudates like amino acids and organic acids make up most root exudates. Certain exudates play a role in root-microbe communication during processes like nitrogen fixation. The amount and type of root exudates are influenced by numerous plant and environmental factors.
Endophytic microbes live within plant tissues without causing harm and can benefit plants through various mechanisms. This document discusses endophytic bacteria and fungi, their transmission within plants, and how they can promote plant growth, act as biocontrol agents, and increase stress tolerance in plants. Specifically, endophytes produce plant hormones, fix nitrogen, make nutrients more available, and induce systemic resistance to pathogens or tolerance to stresses like drought. Their interactions with plants demonstrate potential for agriculture and phytoremediation.
This document discusses different types of stress that plants experience and how they deal with it. It defines biotic stress as stress caused by other living organisms like pathogens, insects, weeds etc. and abiotic stress as stress from non-living environmental factors like drought, salinity, temperature etc. Plants have developed different resistance mechanisms to deal with stress, like avoidance through behaviors like ephemerality or deep roots, and tolerance through adaptations like drought-tolerant tissues or cold hardening. Pathogens can damage plants through necrosis or by remaining biotrophic. Plants defend against biotic stress through physical barriers and chemical defenses that can be constitutive or induced upon infection. Stress responses are important in agriculture, ecology and physiology.
The document describes isolating and identifying Azotobacter species from a soil sample. It discusses enriching the soil in Ashby's Mannitol Broth for a week to activate nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Colonies were then streaked on the broth and incubated for 4-6 days. Gram staining identified gram-negative cells with a red color and capsule staining showed transparent capsules around violet cells, indicating motility. The colonies were creamy white, raised, circular and mucoid, consistent with Azotobacter.
This document discusses several major plant hormones (phytohormones), including their functions, locations of synthesis, and some uses. It describes auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, and ethylene - noting that they regulate growth, stress responses, germination, flowering, and fruit development. Specific hormones are discussed in more detail, outlining their natural and synthetic forms as well as some of their roles and applications in agriculture.
This document discusses secondary metabolites produced by plants. It notes that nearly 70-80% of the world's population relies on herbal medicines. Secondary metabolites are phytochemicals not directly involved in plant metabolism and include pharmaceuticals, flavors, fragrances and more. Producing these compounds through plant cell cultures allows control over production conditions and quality. Key advantages of this method include production according to market demands, independence from environmental factors, consistent quality, ease of product recovery, and ability to produce novel compounds. The document outlines various strategies for optimizing secondary metabolite production in plant cell cultures, including selection of high-yielding cell lines, culture conditions, addition of precursors, use of elicitors, biotransformation, and downstream
Root exudates are chemicals secreted by plant roots into the soil. They perform several important functions, such as regulating soil microbes, encouraging symbiotic relationships, and changing soil chemical and physical properties. Root exudates are categorized as either low or high molecular weight compounds. Low molecular weight exudates like amino acids and organic acids make up most root exudates. Certain exudates play a role in root-microbe communication during processes like nitrogen fixation. The amount and type of root exudates are influenced by numerous plant and environmental factors.
Endophytic microbes live within plant tissues without causing harm and can benefit plants through various mechanisms. This document discusses endophytic bacteria and fungi, their transmission within plants, and how they can promote plant growth, act as biocontrol agents, and increase stress tolerance in plants. Specifically, endophytes produce plant hormones, fix nitrogen, make nutrients more available, and induce systemic resistance to pathogens or tolerance to stresses like drought. Their interactions with plants demonstrate potential for agriculture and phytoremediation.
This document discusses different types of stress that plants experience and how they deal with it. It defines biotic stress as stress caused by other living organisms like pathogens, insects, weeds etc. and abiotic stress as stress from non-living environmental factors like drought, salinity, temperature etc. Plants have developed different resistance mechanisms to deal with stress, like avoidance through behaviors like ephemerality or deep roots, and tolerance through adaptations like drought-tolerant tissues or cold hardening. Pathogens can damage plants through necrosis or by remaining biotrophic. Plants defend against biotic stress through physical barriers and chemical defenses that can be constitutive or induced upon infection. Stress responses are important in agriculture, ecology and physiology.
The document describes isolating and identifying Azotobacter species from a soil sample. It discusses enriching the soil in Ashby's Mannitol Broth for a week to activate nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Colonies were then streaked on the broth and incubated for 4-6 days. Gram staining identified gram-negative cells with a red color and capsule staining showed transparent capsules around violet cells, indicating motility. The colonies were creamy white, raised, circular and mucoid, consistent with Azotobacter.
This document discusses several major plant hormones (phytohormones), including their functions, locations of synthesis, and some uses. It describes auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, and ethylene - noting that they regulate growth, stress responses, germination, flowering, and fruit development. Specific hormones are discussed in more detail, outlining their natural and synthetic forms as well as some of their roles and applications in agriculture.
This document discusses secondary metabolites produced by plants. It notes that nearly 70-80% of the world's population relies on herbal medicines. Secondary metabolites are phytochemicals not directly involved in plant metabolism and include pharmaceuticals, flavors, fragrances and more. Producing these compounds through plant cell cultures allows control over production conditions and quality. Key advantages of this method include production according to market demands, independence from environmental factors, consistent quality, ease of product recovery, and ability to produce novel compounds. The document outlines various strategies for optimizing secondary metabolite production in plant cell cultures, including selection of high-yielding cell lines, culture conditions, addition of precursors, use of elicitors, biotransformation, and downstream
The document describes research on developing insect-resistant maize plants by expressing a chitinase gene from the cotton leaf worm, Spodoptera littoralis. The chitinase gene was synthesized and expressed in transgenic maize plants. Bioassays found that approximately 50% of corn borers (Sesamia cretica) reared on the transgenic plants died, demonstrating enhanced insect resistance. The chitinase gene transfer technology shows potential as an effective and pesticide-free method of insect control, as chitinases can impact the growth and survival of both insect pests and fungal pathogens.
The soil is teeming with millions of living organisms which make it living as well as dynamic system.
Under a microscope, it reveals a complex arrangement of soil particles and pore spaces filled with air and water. It is in these pore-spaces that plant roots and millions of organisms develop, ranging from sub-microscopic to macroscopic in size.
These organisms not only help in the development of soil but are also the primary driving agent of nutrient cycling, regulating the dynamics of soil organic matter, enhancing the amount of nutrient acquisition by vegetation, conferring stress tolerance, resisting pathogens and improving plant health.
This document discusses plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). It begins by noting the growing global population and need to increase food production. It then defines PGPR as bacteria that colonize plant roots and promote growth through various mechanisms. The document goes on to describe characteristics, mechanisms, and examples of PGPR, including biological nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, phytohormone production, siderophore production, induced systemic resistance, and stress tolerance functions. A history of PGPR research is also provided, along with commercial examples.
This document discusses pest management in organic farming. It emphasizes using natural methods like biological controls and cultural practices to minimize pest damage rather than chemicals. Specific biological controls are recommended for common pests of rice, cotton, sugarcane, and sorghum, including the use of resistant varieties, predators, parasites, and pathogens. The benefits of pest management in organic farming include reducing chemicals, being sustainable and environmentally friendly, and producing safe, high-quality foods.
Mechanism of disease control by endophytesPooja Bhatt
The document discusses alternative methods for pest management to address problems with chemical pesticides such as development of resistance and environmental contamination. It suggests that biological control using endophytic microorganisms is a promising alternative as endophytes have antagonistic properties against plant pathogens. Endophytes can inhibit pathogens through direct mechanisms such as hyperparasitism, competition, antibiosis, and lytic enzyme production or indirect induction of host plant resistance. Case studies provide examples of endophytes inhibiting fungal plant pathogens through siderophore production, parasitic growth, and antibiotic compounds.
This document defines fermentation and fermenter. It then describes the key components of a fermenter:
1) The vessel, which is designed to carry out fermentation under aseptic and controlled environmental conditions. Vessels come in small-scale laboratory or large-scale industrial sizes.
2) An impeller that provides mixing for oxygen transfer, heat transfer, and maintaining a uniform environment.
3) A sparger that introduces air into the medium through small holes.
4) Baffles that prevent vortexes and improve aeration.
5) Devices for controlling temperature, as fermentation generates or requires heat.
6) Sensors and controls for maintaining the optimal pH for microbial growth
Microbial endophytes are microorganisms that live within plant tissues without causing disease or harm. They have been isolated from many plant species worldwide and show diversity across environments. Endophytes are isolated from surface-sterilized plant tissues and identified based on genetic sequencing. Bacterial endophytes provide benefits like nitrogen fixation, plant growth promotion, biocontrol of pathogens, and abiotic stress resistance. Fungal endophytes also produce secondary metabolites and biocontrol pathogens. Future work aims to develop endophytes as biofertilizers and biopesticides through improved isolation techniques and delivery methods.
Phytoremediation may be applied wherever the soil or static water environment has become polluted or is suffering ongoing chronic pollution.Examples where phytoremediation has been used successfully include the restoration of abandoned metal mine workings, and sites where polychlorinated biphenyls have been dumped during manufacture and mitigation of ongoing coal mine discharges .
phytoremediation plant list
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phytoremediation hemp
phytoremediation process
plants for phytoremediation
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phytoremediation ppt
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environmental engineering research topics
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final year computer engineering projects
final year project for electrical engineering
phytoremediation plant list
plants for phytoremediation
what is phytoremediation
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phytoremediation process
phytoremediation trees
best plants for phytoremediation
types of bioremediation
soil characteristics influencing growth and activity of microfloraIGKV
This document discusses soil characteristics that influence the growth and activity of microflora in soil. It outlines several key factors: soil moisture and temperature are essential for microbial life and activity; most bacteria, algae and protozoa prefer neutral-slightly alkaline pH between 4.5-8.0; aerobic microbes require oxygen while anaerobic microbes do not; cultural practices like tilling and crop rotation alter microbial populations; root exudates and soil organic matter provide nutrients and food for microbes; microbial interactions can be symbiotic or antagonistic; and the physical, chemical and nutrient properties of different soil types impact microbial communities.
Somatic hybridization is a technique used to create hybrid plants by fusing isolated plant cells called protoplasts from two different plant species or varieties. This fusion occurs under in vitro conditions and can result in symmetric hybrids that contain chromosomes from both parents, or asymmetric hybrids that lose chromosomes from one parent. Cybrids are a type of hybrid where the nucleus comes from one species but the cytoplasm, including chloroplasts and mitochondria, comes from both parental species. Somatic hybridization and cybrid production allow for novel combinations of genes that can provide agricultural benefits like stress resistance but technical challenges remain in regenerating hybrid plants.
This document discusses breeding for resistance to abiotic stresses like drought, salt, and cold in fruit crops. It provides information on the characteristics, effects, and mechanisms of different abiotic stresses. It also outlines strategies for breeding resistance, including selecting from cultivated varieties, landraces, and wild relatives. The key mechanisms of resistance include avoidance, tolerance, and acclimation. Traits like early maturity, reduced transpiration, and accumulating osmolytes can provide drought and salt resistance.
This document discusses biofertilizers, which are substances containing living microorganisms that promote plant growth when applied to seeds, plant surfaces, or soil. It describes different types of biofertilizers including nitrogen-fixing, compost, and phosphate solubilizing biofertilizers. The document discusses the morphology, physiology, and recommended crops for specific nitrogen-fixing bacteria like Rhizobium, Azospirillum, and Azotobacter. It also outlines the process for making biofertilizers including selecting carrier materials, sterilizing, and inoculating seeds or soil. The advantages and potential of biofertilizers are that they can increase yields while protecting the environment and soil fertility compared to chemical
The document discusses biopesticides as a natural alternative to chemical pesticides. It defines biopesticides as products made from minerals, bacteria, plants or animals that can control pests. Biopesticides are classified into microbial, plant, and biochemical pesticides. Microbial pesticides include bacteria like Bacillus thuringiensis, viruses, and fungi. Plant pesticides involve introducing pesticide genes into plants. Biochemical pesticides use pheromones or plant extracts. Biopesticides have advantages like specificity, low amounts needed, and low risk of pest resistance, but their effects can be slower than chemical pesticides.
The document discusses different types of biofertilizers and their production. It describes biofertilizers as microbial inoculants that establish symbiotic relationships with plants to enrich soil nutrients and promote crop growth. Major biofertilizers include rhizobia, azotobacter, algae, and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. Rhizobium and cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are discussed in detail, outlining their role in nitrogen fixation and methods for mass production, including trough, pit and field methods.
Root Exudates :Functions in plant-microbe interactionDebayan Nandi
Root exudates are chemicals exuded by plant roots that influence the surrounding soil environment and microbiome. They regulate microbial communities, encourage beneficial symbiotic relationships, and change soil chemical and physical properties. Root exudates are composed of low and high molecular weight compounds, including organic acids, amino acids, sugars, phenolics, proteins, and polysaccharides. They mediate both positive and negative interactions between plant roots and other organisms such as communication between roots and microbes or inhibition of competing plant species. The rate and composition of root exudates can be influenced by microorganisms, soil properties, and plant characteristics.
This document discusses the use of biocontrol agents, specifically Trichoderma species, for managing plant pathogens and diseases. Some key points:
- Pathogens threaten global crop production and excessive fungicide use pollutes the environment and leads to resistance, so alternative biological control methods are needed.
- Trichoderma is an effective biocontrol agent that controls pathogens through mycoparasitism, antibiosis, competition, and other mechanisms without environmental pollution.
- Mass production of Trichoderma uses liquid fermentation or solid substrates like wheat bran to grow the fungus, which is then mixed with carriers like talc or vermiculite before application to seeds, soil, or plants.
Biomolecular characterizing the sequence diversity of
ACC deaminase of rhizobacterial strains
associate with leguminous plants of arid,
semi arid regions of Rajasthan
Antibacterial Activity of Endophytic fungi isolated from Rhizophora mucronataDomingo Clarito
This study aimed to isolate endophytic fungi from the mangrove plant Rhizophora mucronata and test their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. A total of 5 fungal strains were isolated from leaf, stem, and root tissues. Penicillium sp. extracted from the roots showed the strongest antibacterial activity against both bacteria in a Kirby-Bauer test. The results suggest that endophytic fungi from mangroves are a potential source of antibacterial compounds, with Penicillium sp. being the most potent against foodborne pathogens.
The document describes research on developing insect-resistant maize plants by expressing a chitinase gene from the cotton leaf worm, Spodoptera littoralis. The chitinase gene was synthesized and expressed in transgenic maize plants. Bioassays found that approximately 50% of corn borers (Sesamia cretica) reared on the transgenic plants died, demonstrating enhanced insect resistance. The chitinase gene transfer technology shows potential as an effective and pesticide-free method of insect control, as chitinases can impact the growth and survival of both insect pests and fungal pathogens.
The soil is teeming with millions of living organisms which make it living as well as dynamic system.
Under a microscope, it reveals a complex arrangement of soil particles and pore spaces filled with air and water. It is in these pore-spaces that plant roots and millions of organisms develop, ranging from sub-microscopic to macroscopic in size.
These organisms not only help in the development of soil but are also the primary driving agent of nutrient cycling, regulating the dynamics of soil organic matter, enhancing the amount of nutrient acquisition by vegetation, conferring stress tolerance, resisting pathogens and improving plant health.
This document discusses plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). It begins by noting the growing global population and need to increase food production. It then defines PGPR as bacteria that colonize plant roots and promote growth through various mechanisms. The document goes on to describe characteristics, mechanisms, and examples of PGPR, including biological nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, phytohormone production, siderophore production, induced systemic resistance, and stress tolerance functions. A history of PGPR research is also provided, along with commercial examples.
This document discusses pest management in organic farming. It emphasizes using natural methods like biological controls and cultural practices to minimize pest damage rather than chemicals. Specific biological controls are recommended for common pests of rice, cotton, sugarcane, and sorghum, including the use of resistant varieties, predators, parasites, and pathogens. The benefits of pest management in organic farming include reducing chemicals, being sustainable and environmentally friendly, and producing safe, high-quality foods.
Mechanism of disease control by endophytesPooja Bhatt
The document discusses alternative methods for pest management to address problems with chemical pesticides such as development of resistance and environmental contamination. It suggests that biological control using endophytic microorganisms is a promising alternative as endophytes have antagonistic properties against plant pathogens. Endophytes can inhibit pathogens through direct mechanisms such as hyperparasitism, competition, antibiosis, and lytic enzyme production or indirect induction of host plant resistance. Case studies provide examples of endophytes inhibiting fungal plant pathogens through siderophore production, parasitic growth, and antibiotic compounds.
This document defines fermentation and fermenter. It then describes the key components of a fermenter:
1) The vessel, which is designed to carry out fermentation under aseptic and controlled environmental conditions. Vessels come in small-scale laboratory or large-scale industrial sizes.
2) An impeller that provides mixing for oxygen transfer, heat transfer, and maintaining a uniform environment.
3) A sparger that introduces air into the medium through small holes.
4) Baffles that prevent vortexes and improve aeration.
5) Devices for controlling temperature, as fermentation generates or requires heat.
6) Sensors and controls for maintaining the optimal pH for microbial growth
Microbial endophytes are microorganisms that live within plant tissues without causing disease or harm. They have been isolated from many plant species worldwide and show diversity across environments. Endophytes are isolated from surface-sterilized plant tissues and identified based on genetic sequencing. Bacterial endophytes provide benefits like nitrogen fixation, plant growth promotion, biocontrol of pathogens, and abiotic stress resistance. Fungal endophytes also produce secondary metabolites and biocontrol pathogens. Future work aims to develop endophytes as biofertilizers and biopesticides through improved isolation techniques and delivery methods.
Phytoremediation may be applied wherever the soil or static water environment has become polluted or is suffering ongoing chronic pollution.Examples where phytoremediation has been used successfully include the restoration of abandoned metal mine workings, and sites where polychlorinated biphenyls have been dumped during manufacture and mitigation of ongoing coal mine discharges .
phytoremediation plant list
phytoremediation advantages disadvantages
phytoremediation hemp
phytoremediation process
plants for phytoremediation
phytoremediation project
phytoremediation ppt
phytoremediation research papers
environmental engineering project topics
final year project topics
environmental topics for projects
environmental engineering research topics
engineering final year project ideas
environmental engineering projects
final year computer engineering projects
final year project for electrical engineering
phytoremediation plant list
plants for phytoremediation
what is phytoremediation
examples of phytoremediation
phytoremediation process
phytoremediation trees
best plants for phytoremediation
types of bioremediation
soil characteristics influencing growth and activity of microfloraIGKV
This document discusses soil characteristics that influence the growth and activity of microflora in soil. It outlines several key factors: soil moisture and temperature are essential for microbial life and activity; most bacteria, algae and protozoa prefer neutral-slightly alkaline pH between 4.5-8.0; aerobic microbes require oxygen while anaerobic microbes do not; cultural practices like tilling and crop rotation alter microbial populations; root exudates and soil organic matter provide nutrients and food for microbes; microbial interactions can be symbiotic or antagonistic; and the physical, chemical and nutrient properties of different soil types impact microbial communities.
Somatic hybridization is a technique used to create hybrid plants by fusing isolated plant cells called protoplasts from two different plant species or varieties. This fusion occurs under in vitro conditions and can result in symmetric hybrids that contain chromosomes from both parents, or asymmetric hybrids that lose chromosomes from one parent. Cybrids are a type of hybrid where the nucleus comes from one species but the cytoplasm, including chloroplasts and mitochondria, comes from both parental species. Somatic hybridization and cybrid production allow for novel combinations of genes that can provide agricultural benefits like stress resistance but technical challenges remain in regenerating hybrid plants.
This document discusses breeding for resistance to abiotic stresses like drought, salt, and cold in fruit crops. It provides information on the characteristics, effects, and mechanisms of different abiotic stresses. It also outlines strategies for breeding resistance, including selecting from cultivated varieties, landraces, and wild relatives. The key mechanisms of resistance include avoidance, tolerance, and acclimation. Traits like early maturity, reduced transpiration, and accumulating osmolytes can provide drought and salt resistance.
This document discusses biofertilizers, which are substances containing living microorganisms that promote plant growth when applied to seeds, plant surfaces, or soil. It describes different types of biofertilizers including nitrogen-fixing, compost, and phosphate solubilizing biofertilizers. The document discusses the morphology, physiology, and recommended crops for specific nitrogen-fixing bacteria like Rhizobium, Azospirillum, and Azotobacter. It also outlines the process for making biofertilizers including selecting carrier materials, sterilizing, and inoculating seeds or soil. The advantages and potential of biofertilizers are that they can increase yields while protecting the environment and soil fertility compared to chemical
The document discusses biopesticides as a natural alternative to chemical pesticides. It defines biopesticides as products made from minerals, bacteria, plants or animals that can control pests. Biopesticides are classified into microbial, plant, and biochemical pesticides. Microbial pesticides include bacteria like Bacillus thuringiensis, viruses, and fungi. Plant pesticides involve introducing pesticide genes into plants. Biochemical pesticides use pheromones or plant extracts. Biopesticides have advantages like specificity, low amounts needed, and low risk of pest resistance, but their effects can be slower than chemical pesticides.
The document discusses different types of biofertilizers and their production. It describes biofertilizers as microbial inoculants that establish symbiotic relationships with plants to enrich soil nutrients and promote crop growth. Major biofertilizers include rhizobia, azotobacter, algae, and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. Rhizobium and cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are discussed in detail, outlining their role in nitrogen fixation and methods for mass production, including trough, pit and field methods.
Root Exudates :Functions in plant-microbe interactionDebayan Nandi
Root exudates are chemicals exuded by plant roots that influence the surrounding soil environment and microbiome. They regulate microbial communities, encourage beneficial symbiotic relationships, and change soil chemical and physical properties. Root exudates are composed of low and high molecular weight compounds, including organic acids, amino acids, sugars, phenolics, proteins, and polysaccharides. They mediate both positive and negative interactions between plant roots and other organisms such as communication between roots and microbes or inhibition of competing plant species. The rate and composition of root exudates can be influenced by microorganisms, soil properties, and plant characteristics.
This document discusses the use of biocontrol agents, specifically Trichoderma species, for managing plant pathogens and diseases. Some key points:
- Pathogens threaten global crop production and excessive fungicide use pollutes the environment and leads to resistance, so alternative biological control methods are needed.
- Trichoderma is an effective biocontrol agent that controls pathogens through mycoparasitism, antibiosis, competition, and other mechanisms without environmental pollution.
- Mass production of Trichoderma uses liquid fermentation or solid substrates like wheat bran to grow the fungus, which is then mixed with carriers like talc or vermiculite before application to seeds, soil, or plants.
Biomolecular characterizing the sequence diversity of
ACC deaminase of rhizobacterial strains
associate with leguminous plants of arid,
semi arid regions of Rajasthan
Antibacterial Activity of Endophytic fungi isolated from Rhizophora mucronataDomingo Clarito
This study aimed to isolate endophytic fungi from the mangrove plant Rhizophora mucronata and test their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. A total of 5 fungal strains were isolated from leaf, stem, and root tissues. Penicillium sp. extracted from the roots showed the strongest antibacterial activity against both bacteria in a Kirby-Bauer test. The results suggest that endophytic fungi from mangroves are a potential source of antibacterial compounds, with Penicillium sp. being the most potent against foodborne pathogens.
Isolation and characterization of an extracellular antifungal protein from an...Maulik Kamdar
The document describes a thesis project that aims to isolate and characterize an extracellular antifungal protein (exAFP-C28) from an endophytic fungal isolate. The objectives are to isolate the fungal strain from a medicinal plant, optimize culture conditions, purify the protein, and determine its antifungal activity and mechanism of action against Candida albicans through assays and microscopy. Results showed that the protein was effective against C. albicans by disrupting cell membranes, had a molecular weight of 28.2 kDa, and likely forms amphipathic helices contributing to its antifungal activity.
This document is a curriculum vitae for Sanjay Sabharwal. It summarizes his professional experience in software testing and quality assurance over the past 14 years, including roles at various organizations. It also lists his relevant skills, technical qualifications and certifications, technical training, education, and personal details. The CV indicates he is seeking a challenging position as a senior QA software tester.
Introduction to endophytes and their application to develop commercial productsPrograma TF Innova
Ponencia: Introduction to endophytes and their application to develop commercial products
Autor: Dr. Gary Strobel
Evento TF Innova: Workshop Biotechnology "Isolation and identification of endophytic fungi from vascular plants"
El documento describe las propiedades nutritivas y beneficios para la salud del trigo, incluyendo que es rico en carbohidratos y proteínas, ayuda a prevenir cáncer y enfermedades cardíacas, y mejora la digestión. También explica que el trigo fue fundamental para la transformación del ser humano de cazador-recolector a agricultor, y actualmente es el segundo cereal más producido a nivel mundial, utilizado principalmente para hacer harina y pan.
This document discusses current approaches for enhancing secondary metabolite production in plants. It begins by classifying primary and secondary metabolites and discussing the significance of secondary metabolites. It then outlines several key approaches for enhancing secondary metabolite production including plant tissue cultures, elicitation, endophytes, abiotic stress signals, genetic engineering in hairy root cultures, and bioreactors. The document also provides two case studies, one on the effects of LED lighting on secondary metabolite production in ornamental plants, and another on using cytokinins to improve secondary metabolite production in Calendula officinalis in vitro cultures. It concludes by discussing the advantages of in vitro culture for secondary metabolite production and future research directions.
The document discusses the role of siderophores in plant pathogen interactions. It provides background on siderophores, their importance in microbial metabolism, types of siderophores produced by different organisms, and their mechanism of iron acquisition. It summarizes several case studies that demonstrate how siderophore-producing bacteria can be used for biocontrol of plant pathogens through competition for iron and activation of plant defense responses. Siderophores are shown to elicit plant defenses, modulate signaling pathways, and promote bacterial growth during infection.
Plant-microbe interactions can be mutualistic, with both organisms benefiting. Legumes form symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which convert atmospheric nitrogen gas into plant-usable ammonia in nodules on the roots. Rhizobia colonize roots and signal the plant to form nodules. Inside the nodule, the bacteria differentiate into bacteroids and fix nitrogen in an oxygen-limited environment protected from oxygen toxicity. Many plants also interact mutualistically with endophytic fungi living internally without symptoms, and the fungi may produce compounds defending the plant against herbivores and pathogens.
1. The study isolated and characterized rhizobacteria from cultivated soil samples in Ngaka Modiri Molema district municipalities that exhibited 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase (ACCD) activity, a marker for plant growth promoting rhizobacteria.
2. 16S rDNA sequencing identified the isolated bacteria, which included Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus sonorensis, Bacillus thuringiensis, and Bacillus mojavensis.
3. Greenhouse screening found that inoculation of tomato seedlings with the ACCD-containing rhizobacteria, particularly B. pumilus, enhanced plant growth parameters like
Carbon is the major constituent element in plants after water. It is found in important biomolecules like chlorophyll, cytochromes, alkaloids, and many vitamins. Nitrogen plays an important role in plant metabolism, growth, reproduction and heredity. Plants cannot utilize atmospheric nitrogen directly and require nitrogen-fixing bacteria to convert it into bioavailable forms like nitrates, nitrites and ammonia. Nitrogen fixation can occur through both biological and non-biological means, with biological nitrogen fixation involving symbiotic associations between plants and nitrogen-fixing microorganisms like Rhizobium bacteria.
PLANT RESIDENT MICROORGANISM IN DISEASE MANAGEMNTajjit kumar
The document discusses plant resident microorganisms and their role in disease management. It defines endophytes and epiphytes as microorganisms that inhabit interior plant tissues and aerial plant parts, respectively. Common plant-associated microbes include fungi such as Trichoderma and bacteria like Pseudomonas. The document outlines how endophytes enter plants and provide benefits like improved growth and disease resistance. Case studies demonstrate how endophytes isolated from healthy crops effectively control pathogens like Phytophthora through mechanisms such as antibiosis, competition, and induced resistance. The association between plants and resident microbes provides an eco-friendly approach to disease control.
This document summarizes a doctoral seminar presentation on research related to grafting of vegetable crops. The presentation covered the definition and purpose of grafting, the history of vegetable grafting, common grafting methods, and research examining the effects of grafting on various vegetable crops such as watermelon, cucumber, tomato, brinjal, chilli, and okra. Specific rootstocks were highlighted for their ability to improve yield, quality, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses for different vegetable crops.
This document discusses inoculants for cereals, including their production and formulation. The main goals of plant inoculation are to provide sufficient numbers of viable, effective bacteria to rapidly colonize the rhizosphere. Peat is currently the most common carrier for inoculants, but alternatives are being explored. New formulations aim to slowly release bacteria into the soil over time to maximize crop productivity through colonization. Encapsulating bacteria in materials like alginate beads provides protection and gradual release of beneficial microbes into the soil.
5.Kitchen gardening and soil pests A Series of Lectures By Mr. Allah Dad K...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
A
Series of Lectures By Mr. Allah Dad Khan Former DG Agriculture Extension KPK , Provincial Project Director CMP II MINFAl Islamabad and Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan
The document discusses the history and applications of genetically modified plants. The first genetically modified plant was produced in 1982 using an antibiotic-resistant tobacco plant. The first genetically modified crop approved for commercial sale in the US was the FlavrSavr tomato in 1994, which had a longer shelf life. Genetic engineering techniques are used to improve crop traits like herbicide and insect resistance, virus resistance, oil and fruit content, and abiotic stress tolerance.
To decrease our world hunger and to make the plant more nutritious the transgenic technique was developed. This the basis of the transgenic plant and its technique
GMO's and the environment. Currently, GE crops in CA include cotton and corn. Potential concerns with GMOs include escape of transgenes from cultivated crops to wild relatives or other cultivated crops, effects on target and non-target organisms, and development of pesticide resistance in target organisms. While short-term environmental effects may be limited, long-term effects require further study. A case-by-case evaluation considers the specific crop, trait, and environment.
GMO's and the environment. Currently, GE crops in California include cotton and corn. Potential environmental concerns with GMOs include the escape of transgenes from cultivated crops to wild relatives or other cultivated crops. This could occur through pollen or seed dispersal and affect both target and non-target organisms. While current impacts may be limited, long-term effects require further study. Overall, a case-by-case evaluation is needed considering the environment, organism, and transgene in question.
Bt technology uses genes from Bacillus thuringiensis to produce insecticidal crystal proteins in transgenic crops. There are several biosafety concerns regarding risks to human health from toxicity or allergies, as well as risks to the environment from increased insect resistance, gene flow to weeds or soil organisms, and effects on biodiversity. Regulatory agencies in India require various levels of approval from institutional biosafety committees, the Review Committee on Genetic Manipulation, and the Genetic Engineering Approval Committee, depending on the type and scale of field trials or commercial releases of Bt crops.
This document discusses several global environmental issues and concerns for the 21st century, including climate change, natural resource depletion, ozone depletion, and loss of biodiversity. It then summarizes the role of agricultural biotechnology in addressing issues of sustainability, crop productivity, and food security. The document outlines how biotechnology can be used to develop stress-tolerant and higher-yielding crop varieties, as well as transfer useful traits from wild plants. However, it notes biotechnology must be properly regulated and accompanied by risk assessment. The document provides examples of how biotechnology has been applied in agriculture, including Bt technology to engineer pest-resistant crops like cotton. It concludes that biotechnology has the potential to increase food production but that both
The document discusses transgenic plants and their role in pest management. It covers the history of transgenic plant development, including the first genetically engineered crops in the 1980s. It also describes methods of producing transgenic plants and introducing genes for insect resistance from microorganisms like Bacillus thuringiensis and higher plants, such as Bt genes, protease inhibitors, and lectins. The document outlines the major insect resistant transgenic crops developed so far like Bt cotton, tomato, and maize and their commercial success in reducing pesticide use.
This document discusses the benefits of using Nico Orgo manures for seed treatment and increasing crop yields. It discusses several biocontrol agents in Nico Orgo manures including Nicoderma (Trichoderma Viride), a biofungicide, and Bioniconema (Paecilomyces lilacinus), a biological nematicide. It provides information on how seed treatment with these agents can improve germination, plant growth, and resistance to diseases and nematodes. Examples are given showing the effectiveness of Nico Orgo seed treatments for increasing yields of crops like potato, tomato, and cowpea.
Defence development of biopesticide for the control of root pathogenic fung...Shazia Shahzaman
Thesis titled "Development of Biopesticide for the control of Root Pathogenic Fungi in Chickpea using Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ".
• Supervised by Prof. Dr. M. Inam-ul-Haq.
• Isolation and Characterization of Rhizbacterial isolates from Rawalpindi District
• Utilization of PGPR antagonistic potential in the form of biopesticide formulation against Fungal Root Infecting Pathogens.
• The Developed formulations with best shelf life and Rhizobacterial viability were evaluated for their efficacy under open field conditions for disease control and plant growth enhancement.
Biotechnology has been helping scientists to attain unbelievable and unattainable goals. biotechnology is not only making progress day by day but also has been helping other fields of science to rise. there are many applications, in this slideshare fragment i will sharing few application of biotechnology in the field of agriculture.
IMPACTS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY ON AGRI - BIODIVERSITY.pptxaigil2
This document discusses various applications of biotechnology in agriculture. It describes how biotechnology can be used to develop transgenic crops with beneficial traits like improved yield, stress resistance, and increased nutrients. It also discusses several techniques used in biotechnology like micropropagation, mutation induction, and production of somatic hybrids and transgenic plants. Finally, it outlines different fields where biotechnology is being implemented in agriculture, such as biofertilizers, molecular breeding, disease control, biofuels, and nutrient supplementation.
Transgenic crops can be used to introduce traits that are difficult or impossible to combine through traditional breeding methods. The document discusses using transgenic methods to introduce virus and insect resistance, herbicide tolerance, drought tolerance, and quality traits like increased nutrients and shelf life into various vegetable crops. Specific examples discussed include brinjal with resistance to fruit and shoot borer, tomato with increased lycopene, zinc, and shelf life. The document compares traditional breeding to transgenic methods and lists the status of development for some GM vegetable crops in India.
Genetic engineering alters the genes of organisms to produce beneficial effects for humans. It has improved crop yields and introduced traits like disease resistance. Scientists have genetically engineered microorganisms to help clean pollution from soil and water. While genetic engineering offers advantages, there are also risks like unintentionally creating allergenic foods or superweeds. However, countries extensively test new genetically engineered products and regulate their environmental release to minimize risks. Religious perspectives differ on whether genetic engineering constitutes "playing God", but many argue it can be conducted safely and for the benefit of humanity if properly managed and researched.
Genetic engineering alters the genes of organisms to produce beneficial effects for humans. It has improved crop yields and introduced traits like disease resistance. Scientists have genetically engineered microorganisms to help clean pollution from soil and water. While genetic engineering provides benefits, there are also risks like unintentionally creating allergenic foods or plants becoming invasive "superweeds". However, regulations aim to minimize these risks and the technology could help nutrition and public health when used carefully.
Genetic engineering and development of transgenic plantsNisha Nepoleon
Genetic engineering can be used to develop transgenic plants with desirable traits. The process involves introducing foreign genes into plant cells, which are then regenerated into whole plants. Genes from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been introduced to many crops like cotton, corn and potatoes to make them resistant to pests. Other genes introduced include protease inhibitors and alpha amylase inhibitors. While transgenic plants can increase yields and reduce pesticide use, some risks include increased allergenicity and the development of resistance in pest populations.
Applications of genetic engineering techniques in agricultureB.Devadatha datha
This document discusses applications of genetic engineering techniques in agriculture. It begins by outlining reasons for genetically engineering plants, such as improving crops, using plants as bioreactors, and studying gene action. Various genetic engineering methods are then described, including Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer. Applications like developing herbicide-resistant, insect-resistant, virus-resistant, and drought/cold-tolerant crops are covered. The document also discusses using genetic engineering for nutritional enhancement and production of edible vaccines. Potential risks like contamination and effects on non-target organisms are noted.
Genetic Engineering in Insect Pest management Mohd Irshad
gene incorporation is gaining attention across the globe with the aim of improving plant health, crop protection, and sustainable crop production. This versatile method of Scientific cultivation should be adopted by the growers as it has been investigated and assessed by experts and environmentalists. There is not any kind of toxic effect on mammalian.
Similar to Bernard R. Glick - Microorganismos promotores del crecimiento vegetal (20)
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El jueves 17 de mayo del 2018 se organizó una Mesa Redonda en la Fundación Ramón Areces, en la cual se habló sobre las subidas de tipos en la era Trump y la nueva globalización.
El jueves 17 de mayo del 2018 se organizó una Mesa Redonda en la Fundación Ramón Areces, en la cual se habló sobre las subidas de tipos en la era Trump y la nueva globalización.
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PPT on Sustainable Land Management presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Compositions of iron-meteorite parent bodies constrainthe structure of the pr...Sérgio Sacani
Magmatic iron-meteorite parent bodies are the earliest planetesimals in the Solar System,and they preserve information about conditions and planet-forming processes in thesolar nebula. In this study, we include comprehensive elemental compositions andfractional-crystallization modeling for iron meteorites from the cores of five differenti-ated asteroids from the inner Solar System. Together with previous results of metalliccores from the outer Solar System, we conclude that asteroidal cores from the outerSolar System have smaller sizes, elevated siderophile-element abundances, and simplercrystallization processes than those from the inner Solar System. These differences arerelated to the formation locations of the parent asteroids because the solar protoplane-tary disk varied in redox conditions, elemental distributions, and dynamics at differentheliocentric distances. Using highly siderophile-element data from iron meteorites, wereconstruct the distribution of calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) across theprotoplanetary disk within the first million years of Solar-System history. CAIs, the firstsolids to condense in the Solar System, formed close to the Sun. They were, however,concentrated within the outer disk and depleted within the inner disk. Future modelsof the structure and evolution of the protoplanetary disk should account for this dis-tribution pattern of CAIs.
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdfSelcen Ozturkcan
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...Scintica Instrumentation
Targeting Hsp90 and its pathogen Orthologs with Tethered Inhibitors as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategy for cancer and infectious diseases with Dr. Timothy Haystead.
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Signatures of wave erosion in Titan’s coastsSérgio Sacani
The shorelines of Titan’s hydrocarbon seas trace flooded erosional landforms such as river valleys; however, it isunclear whether coastal erosion has subsequently altered these shorelines. Spacecraft observations and theo-retical models suggest that wind may cause waves to form on Titan’s seas, potentially driving coastal erosion,but the observational evidence of waves is indirect, and the processes affecting shoreline evolution on Titanremain unknown. No widely accepted framework exists for using shoreline morphology to quantitatively dis-cern coastal erosion mechanisms, even on Earth, where the dominant mechanisms are known. We combinelandscape evolution models with measurements of shoreline shape on Earth to characterize how differentcoastal erosion mechanisms affect shoreline morphology. Applying this framework to Titan, we find that theshorelines of Titan’s seas are most consistent with flooded landscapes that subsequently have been eroded bywaves, rather than a uniform erosional process or no coastal erosion, particularly if wave growth saturates atfetch lengths of tens of kilometers.
TOPIC OF DISCUSSION: CENTRIFUGATION SLIDESHARE.pptxshubhijain836
Centrifugation is a powerful technique used in laboratories to separate components of a heterogeneous mixture based on their density. This process utilizes centrifugal force to rapidly spin samples, causing denser particles to migrate outward more quickly than lighter ones. As a result, distinct layers form within the sample tube, allowing for easy isolation and purification of target substances.
JAMES WEBB STUDY THE MASSIVE BLACK HOLE SEEDSSérgio Sacani
The pathway(s) to seeding the massive black holes (MBHs) that exist at the heart of galaxies in the present and distant Universe remains an unsolved problem. Here we categorise, describe and quantitatively discuss the formation pathways of both light and heavy seeds. We emphasise that the most recent computational models suggest that rather than a bimodal-like mass spectrum between light and heavy seeds with light at one end and heavy at the other that instead a continuum exists. Light seeds being more ubiquitous and the heavier seeds becoming less and less abundant due the rarer environmental conditions required for their formation. We therefore examine the different mechanisms that give rise to different seed mass spectrums. We show how and why the mechanisms that produce the heaviest seeds are also among the rarest events in the Universe and are hence extremely unlikely to be the seeds for the vast majority of the MBH population. We quantify, within the limits of the current large uncertainties in the seeding processes, the expected number densities of the seed mass spectrum. We argue that light seeds must be at least 103 to 105 times more numerous than heavy seeds to explain the MBH population as a whole. Based on our current understanding of the seed population this makes heavy seeds (Mseed > 103 M⊙) a significantly more likely pathway given that heavy seeds have an abundance pattern than is close to and likely in excess of 10−4 compared to light seeds. Finally, we examine the current state-of-the-art in numerical calculations and recent observations and plot a path forward for near-future advances in both domains.
PPT on Alternate Wetting and Drying presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
4. Crop productivity may be increasedCrop productivity may be increased
through the use of either i) transgenicthrough the use of either i) transgenic
plants or ii) the application of plantplants or ii) the application of plant
growth-promoting bacteriagrowth-promoting bacteria
5. Plant Growth-Promoting BacteriaPlant Growth-Promoting Bacteria
Soil bacteria that facilitate plant growthSoil bacteria that facilitate plant growth
1.1. In association with roots (rhizospheric)In association with roots (rhizospheric)
2.2. On leaves or flowers (phyllospheric)On leaves or flowers (phyllospheric)
3.3. Within plant tissues (endophytic and symbiotic)Within plant tissues (endophytic and symbiotic)
Can J. Microbiol. 41: 109-117 (1995)Can J. Microbiol. 41: 109-117 (1995)
6. Plant growth as aPlant growth as a
function of agefunction of age
Arrows indicate stressArrows indicate stress
onset which causes growthonset which causes growth
to slow or stopto slow or stop
Actual yield variesActual yield varies
according to the numberaccording to the number
and intensity of the stressesand intensity of the stresses
that a plant experiencesthat a plant experiences
Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 119: 329-339 (2007)Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 119: 329-339 (2007)
7. PGPB promote plant growth directly and indirectlyPGPB promote plant growth directly and indirectly
8. Cleavage of ACC toCleavage of ACC to αα-ketobutyrate-ketobutyrate
and ammonia by ACC deaminaseand ammonia by ACC deaminase
Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1703: 11-19 (2004)Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1703: 11-19 (2004)
4
9. ACC Deaminase PropertiesACC Deaminase Properties
•• Common in soil bacteria and fungiCommon in soil bacteria and fungi
•• Requires pyridoxal phosphateRequires pyridoxal phosphate
•• Native form is a dimer or trimerNative form is a dimer or trimer
•• Monomer is 35-45 kDMonomer is 35-45 kD
•• Km for ACC is ~1-15 mMKm for ACC is ~1-15 mM
•• Induced by low levels of ACCInduced by low levels of ACC
•• Sulfhydryl enzymeSulfhydryl enzyme
•• Cytoplasmically localizedCytoplasmically localized
FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 251: 1-7 (2005)FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 251: 1-7 (2005)
10. Interaction of aInteraction of a
bacterium containingbacterium containing
ACC deaminase withACC deaminase with
a plant decreasesa plant decreases
both formation ofboth formation of
stress ethylene andstress ethylene and
environmentalenvironmental
damage to the plantdamage to the plant
J. Theor. Biol. 190: 63-68 (1998)J. Theor. Biol. 190: 63-68 (1998)
11. Stress ethyleneStress ethylene
before and afterbefore and after
treatment with antreatment with an
ACC deaminase-ACC deaminase-
containingcontaining
bacteriumbacterium
Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 119: 329-339 (2007)Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 119: 329-339 (2007)
12. •• Promotes root initiationPromotes root initiation
•• Inhibits root elongationInhibits root elongation
•• Promotes fruit ripeningPromotes fruit ripening
•• Promotes flower wiltingPromotes flower wilting
•• Stimulates seed germinationStimulates seed germination
•• Promotes leaf abscissionPromotes leaf abscission
•• Response to biotic and abiotic stressResponse to biotic and abiotic stress
•• Activates hormone synthesisActivates hormone synthesis
•• InhibitsInhibits RhizobiaRhizobia nodule formationnodule formation
•• Inhibits mycorrhizae interactionInhibits mycorrhizae interaction
How does ethylene affect plants?How does ethylene affect plants?
Abeles et al., 1992, Ethylene in Plant Biology
13. Effect of bacteria containing ACCEffect of bacteria containing ACC
deaminase on canola root lengthdeaminase on canola root length
Can. J. Microbiol.Can. J. Microbiol.
44: 833-843 (1998)44: 833-843 (1998)
14. Plant protection from stress ethylenePlant protection from stress ethylene
by ACC deaminase-containing PGPBby ACC deaminase-containing PGPB
•• PhytopathogensPhytopathogens
•• High saltHigh salt
•• FloodingFlooding
•• DroughtDrought
•• Heavy metalsHeavy metals
•• Temperature extremesTemperature extremes
•• Organic contaminantsOrganic contaminants
•• NematodesNematodes
Adv. Appl. Microbiol. 56: 291-312 (2004)Adv. Appl. Microbiol. 56: 291-312 (2004)
16. Treatment Weight of Rotted Potatoes, g
Erwiniacarotovora 15.6 ± 3.4
Erwiniacarotovora+ Biocontrol
bacterium
14.5 ± 2.8
Erwiniacarotovora + Biocontrol
bacterium + ACC deaminase
7.5 ± 2.3
PGPB with ACC deaminase increase the biomass ofPGPB with ACC deaminase increase the biomass of
pythium-treated cucumber plants and decrease thepythium-treated cucumber plants and decrease the
damage to potatoes bydamage to potatoes by Erwinia carotovoraErwinia carotovora
Can. J. Microbiol. 46: 898-907 (2000)
17. Pine seedlings (A) with no additions, (B) + pinewood nematode (PWN),
C) + PWN + P. putida UW4/AcdS, (D) + PWN + wild-type P. putida UW4
Protection of Pine Seedlings from Pinewood DiseaseProtection of Pine Seedlings from Pinewood Disease
Caused by Pinewood NematodeCaused by Pinewood Nematode
Biocontrol 58:427-433 (2013)
19. Isolate
Bacteria
ACC deaminase
IAA synthesis
Siderophores
Phosphate solubilization
Salt tolerance
Plant growth promotion
Choose “best” strains
Construct AcdS mutants
Soil samples
Test wild-type and mutant
bacteria for growth promotion
in soil containing salt
Selection scheme for new endophytic PGPB
Appl. Soil. Ecol. 61:217-224 (2012)
20. Growth of 11-week-old tomato plants +Growth of 11-week-old tomato plants +
185 mM salt + bacterial endophytes185 mM salt + bacterial endophytes
Plant Physiol. Biochem. 80:160-167 (2014)
21. Growth of 11-week-old tomato plants + salt +Growth of 11-week-old tomato plants + salt +
bacterial endophytesbacterial endophytes
A = no bacteria; B = endophyte 1 wild-type; C = endophyte 1 mutant;
D = endophyte 2 wild-type; E = endophyte 2 mutant
Plant Physiol. Biochem. 80:160-167 (2014)
22. Delaying mini-carnation flower senescenceDelaying mini-carnation flower senescence
using bacterial endophytesusing bacterial endophytes
J. Appl. Microbiol. 113:1139-1144 (2012)
23. Delaying mini-carnation flowerDelaying mini-carnation flower
senescence using bacterial endophytessenescence using bacterial endophytes
J. Appl. Microbiol. 113:1139-1144 (2012)
24. Rhizospheric
PGPB specific
genes
Endophytic
PGPB specific
genes
Genes common to
Rhizospheric and
Endophytic PGPB
Genes involved in endophytic behavior
J. Theor. Biol. 343:193-198 (2014)
Nearly all of the genes identified by this bioinformatics
procedure encode functions previously suggested
in other studies to be involved in endophytic behavior
25. Transgenic,Transgenic, rolDrolD ACC deaminase, plantsACC deaminase, plants
(tomato and canola) behave similarly to(tomato and canola) behave similarly to
PGPB-treated plants in response toPGPB-treated plants in response to
various environmental stressesvarious environmental stresses
26. Some, but not all, strains ofSome, but not all, strains of RhizobiumRhizobium spp.spp.
contain ACC deaminasecontain ACC deaminase
•• R. leguminosarumR. leguminosarum bv.bv. viciaeviciae yesyes
•• R. leguminosarumR. leguminosarum bv.bv. phaseoliphaseoli yesyes
•• R. leguminosarumR. leguminosarum bv.bv. trifoliitrifolii nono
•• R. spR. sp. Designati. Designati nono
•• R. hedysariR. hedysari yesyes
•• M. ciceriM. ciceri nono
•• R. radicicolaR. radicicola nono
•• M. lotiM. loti no/yesno/yes
•• S. melilotiS. meliloti nono
Anton. von Leeuwenhoek 83: 285-291 (2003)Anton. von Leeuwenhoek 83: 285-291 (2003)
27. Pea plants inoculated withPea plants inoculated with
differentdifferent R.R. leguminosarumleguminosarum strainsstrains
Wild-Wild-
TypeType
acdRacdR KOKO acdSacdS KOKO acdSacdS ++++++
Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69: 4396-4402 (2003)Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69: 4396-4402 (2003)
28. Acquisition of ACC deaminase byAcquisition of ACC deaminase by S. melilotiS. meliloti
increases nodulation and biomass of alfalfaincreases nodulation and biomass of alfalfa
Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70: 5891-5897 (2004)Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70: 5891-5897 (2004)
29. Mesorhizobium ciceri LMS-1 expressing an exogenous
ACC deaminase increases its nodulation abilities and
chickpea plant resistance to soil constraints
Wild-type Transformant
Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 55:15-21 (2012)
30. PhytoremediationPhytoremediation
The use of plants (and bacteria) to sequester,The use of plants (and bacteria) to sequester,
stabilize or break down environmentalstabilize or break down environmental
contaminants (usually either organics such ascontaminants (usually either organics such as
PCBs and PAHs, or metals)PCBs and PAHs, or metals)
31. Phytoremediation problem:
Environmental contaminants inhibit plant
growth even with plants that are
hyperaccumulators
One solution: Use PGPB to reduce stress
and facilitate plant growth during
phytoremediation
Another solution: Use transgenic plants
that more efficiently sequester metals or
organic contaminants and reduce stress
32. Bacterial siderophores help plants acquire ironBacterial siderophores help plants acquire iron
in the presence of metal contaminationin the presence of metal contamination
Six-coordinate iron-
siderophore complex
34. PGPB with ACC deaminase promotes growthPGPB with ACC deaminase promotes growth
of tobacco in copper-contaminated soilof tobacco in copper-contaminated soil
Unpublished dataUnpublished data
35. PGPB with ACC deaminase promote thePGPB with ACC deaminase promote the
growth of canola in PAH-contaminated soilgrowth of canola in PAH-contaminated soil
Can J. Microbiol. 51: 1061-1069 (2005)Can J. Microbiol. 51: 1061-1069 (2005)
PAHsPAHs
36. ACC deaminase-containing PGPB are asACC deaminase-containing PGPB are as
effective in a contaminated field as in the labeffective in a contaminated field as in the lab
Barley/rye mixtureBarley/rye mixture with or without PGPBwith or without PGPB
WithoutWithout WithWith WithWith WithoutWithout
Unpublished dataUnpublished data
37. Phytoremediation of petroleum-Phytoremediation of petroleum-
contaminated soil ± ACC deaminase-contaminated soil ± ACC deaminase-
containing PGPBcontaining PGPB
Microchem. J. 81: 139-147 (2005)Microchem. J. 81: 139-147 (2005)
38. PGPB relieve growth inhibition of rice fromPGPB relieve growth inhibition of rice from
residual herbicides from the previous seasonresidual herbicides from the previous season
+ PGPB+ PGPB
–– PGPBPGPB
Unpublished dataUnpublished data
39. How does the PGPBHow does the PGPB
P. putidaP. putida UW4 affect mRNAUW4 affect mRNA
in canola shoots and roots?in canola shoots and roots?
What is the role of bacterialWhat is the role of bacterial
ACC deaminase in canolaACC deaminase in canola
mRNA expression?mRNA expression?
and
40. B C
How do ACC deaminase-containing PGPBHow do ACC deaminase-containing PGPB
change canola gene expression?change canola gene expression?
BB auxin response factors increase upon adding wild-typeauxin response factors increase upon adding wild-type
CC stress response genes increase upon adding mutantstress response genes increase upon adding mutant
Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 25:668-676 (2012)Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 25:668-676 (2012)
41. Pseudomonas putida UW4 Genome
The outer strand is the + strand
tRNA is in green and rRNA is in red
Black indicates deviation from average GC content
Inner circle is GC skew; leading strand has G>C
• GC content: 60.05%
• rRNA genes: 22
• tRNA genes: 72
• Protein coding genes:
5570
• % coding bases: 87.7%
• ACC deaminase - PGPBACC deaminase - PGPB
• Siderophores - PGPBSiderophores - PGPB
• IAA biosynthesis - PGPBIAA biosynthesis - PGPB
• Antifreeze protein - ColdAntifreeze protein - Cold
• Cold shock - ColdCold shock - Cold
• Trehalose – Salt & DroughtTrehalose – Salt & Drought
• Metal toleranceMetal tolerance
PLoS ONE 8(3): e58640 (2013)
42. IAA biosynthesis in Pseudomonas sp. UW4
D-ribulose-5P
D-ribose-5P
PRPP
P
Pu
Py
His
ACC + H2O ! -ketobutyrate + NH3
+
IAN
IAM IAA
Trp
IAA synthesis
Glycogen
Maltodextrin
Maltooligosyl-trehalose Diac
Acetoin
ADP
ADP
ATP
de/
e
ADP
ATP-
L-
e/
e
ADP
ATP
Fe3+
um
H4+
de
IAOx
cysteineSerine O-acetylserine
1. Two potential IAA biosynthesis pathways, the IAM and IAN pathways,
were identified in the genome of UW4
2. Biochemical characterization of some of these enzymes has confirmed
that these putative pathways are operative in UW4 (in press)
3. Several other sequenced Pseudomonas genomes appear to have
similar IAA synthesis pathways compared to UW4
PLoS ONE 8(3): e58640 (2013)
43. • Ethylene feedbackEthylene feedback
loop prevents too muchloop prevents too much
ethylene from beingethylene from being
synthesized by IAA-synthesized by IAA-
producing bacteriaproducing bacteria
• ACC deaminaseACC deaminase
lowers ethylenelowers ethylene
inhibition of plantinhibition of plant
growthgrowth andand increasesincreases
IAA flux, both of whichIAA flux, both of which
promote plant growthpromote plant growth
In press
RevisedRevised model of ACC deaminase andmodel of ACC deaminase and
IAA promoting plant growthIAA promoting plant growth
44. As a consequence of the fundamental knowledgeAs a consequence of the fundamental knowledge
of PGPB modes of action that has been elaboratedof PGPB modes of action that has been elaborated
over the past 10-20 years, this technology isover the past 10-20 years, this technology is
currently accessible for use in agriculture,currently accessible for use in agriculture,
horticulture, and environmental cleanuphorticulture, and environmental cleanup
technologies in both the developed and thetechnologies in both the developed and the
developing world.developing world.
Future prospects?Future prospects?
45. Contributors to the work discussedContributors to the work discussed
Shimon MayakShimon Mayak Donna PenroseDonna Penrose
Saleh ShahSaleh Shah Barbara GrichkoBarbara Grichko
Henry BurdHenry Burd Saleema SalehSaleema Saleh
Wenbo MaWenbo Ma Trevor CharlesTrevor Charles
Frederique GuinelFrederique Guinel Jennifer StearnsJennifer Stearns
Peter PaulsPeter Pauls Barbara MoffattBarbara Moffatt
XiaoDong HuangXiaoDong Huang George DixonGeorge Dixon
Bruce GreenbergBruce Greenberg Tsipi TiroshTsipi Tirosh
Yola GurskaYola Gurska Brendan McConkeyBrendan McConkey
Gina HolguinGina Holguin Chunxia WangChunxia Wang
Nikos HontzeasNikos Hontzeas Lucy ReedLucy Reed
Zhenyu ChengZhenyu Cheng Yoav BashanYoav Bashan
Jin DuanJin Duan John HeikkilaJohn Heikkila
Youai HaoYouai Hao Elisa GamaleroElisa Gamalero
Graziella BertaGraziella Berta Jiping LiJiping Li
Stephanie SebestianovaStephanie Sebestianova Cheryl PattenCheryl Patten
Leonid CherninLeonid Chernin Brendan McConkeyBrendan McConkey
Solange OliveiraSolange Oliveira Francisco NasimentoFrancisco Nasimento
Daiana DucaDaiana Duca Clarisse BrigidoClarisse Brigido
Shimaila AliShimaila Ali Guido LinguaGuido Lingua