This document discusses the benefits of using Nico Orgo manures for seed treatment and increasing crop yields. It discusses several biocontrol agents in Nico Orgo manures including Nicoderma (Trichoderma Viride), a biofungicide, and Bioniconema (Paecilomyces lilacinus), a biological nematicide. It provides information on how seed treatment with these agents can improve germination, plant growth, and resistance to diseases and nematodes. Examples are given showing the effectiveness of Nico Orgo seed treatments for increasing yields of crops like potato, tomato, and cowpea.

1. Main Aim Of Nico orgo Manures
Give seedtreatmentwithbeneficialbiocontrol agenttokeepcropfree fromdisease i.e.healthycrop.
Nicoorgo Manure’sbio-control agentsare :
Nicoderma:Trichoderma Viride
Bioniconema:Paecilomyceslilacinus (Pseudomonasfluroscense)
Nicodermaisa biological fungicide &Bioniconemaisabiological nematicide. Toprotectseedislike polio
vaccinationtoprotectchildrenagainstpoliodisease. Disease&Nematode isthe mainfactorthat reduce
crop yieldamongthe variousfactor.Mainlyseedborne &soil borne disease have seenincrop.Still
farmerhas no awarenessregardingdisease&nematode infection.Once cropisinfectedwithdisease &
nematode ,farmerhas notcontrol overit & ultimatelytheyhave gotmuchlossinyield,quality&
Quantity.Forthat seedtreatmentisnecessaryinadvance tocontrol disease &nematode.Farmersare
givenonlychemicallyseedtreatmentwhichisonlybasicbutbiologicallyseedtreatmentismost
effective&goodalternative againstchemicallyseedtreatment.
For SeedTreatmentthere isone slogan:
FIR TO Police station
F Fungicide Nicodermaisa biofungicide to
control disease.
I Insecticide To Control Pest.(N-Fix AB,N-Fix
AS , P-Sol BM)
R RhizobiumCulture Give biofertilizerstreatmentto
increase fertilizersefficiency.
P Paecilomyceslilacinus
(Bioniconema)
To Control nematode infection.
Biologicallyseedtreatmentissimple toapply&use inbeneficial bio-control agent.Soit’scalledbio-
primingtreatment. Bio-primingtreatmentAdvantagesare asbelow:
1) To improve &increase germinationpower&seed.
2) To Increase no.of seedlingsandseedlingpower.
3) To increase height&seedweight.
4) To increase cropproduction.
5) To improve &increase microorganismactivities.
6) To maintainthe plantpopulation.
7) To increase resistantpoweragainstdisease.
8) To reduce disease incrop.
In biopriming,use nicoorgomanuresbeneficial biocontrol agentlikenicoderma&bioniconemafor
betterresult.Nowwe wouldgoproductwise seedtreatmentforeachcrop.
Seed Treatment

2. Bio All
(Nutrient mobilizing liquid bio fertilizer)
BioAll has the unique abilitytoenrichthe soil withNitrogen,Phosphorousandpotash.It
efficientlyfixesatmosphericnitrogen,solubilizes insolubleandchemicallyfixedphosphatesand
has the abilitytomobilizeandsolubilize soilpotashandinsoluble potashcompoundsthus
makingall three of these essential nutrientsavailable tothe plantina ready,available form.
It alsoenhancesthe availabilityof Mn,Mg, Fe,Mo, Bo, Zn,and Cu, amongothers,inthe soil.
BioAll providesthe majornutrients(NPK) tothe soil whichresultsinhigheryield.BioAll
producescertaingrowthpromotingsubstancessuchasThiamine ,Indol andaceticacid which
helpimpartresistance tothe plantfromplantpathogenssuchas Alternariaandfusarium.It
Producesorganicacidslike citric, tartaric , Malicwhichincrease the availabilityof phosphatesin
the rhizosphere.
For Seedtreatment: 5ml to 7ml of Bio All per kg of seeds.
RecommendedCrops:Substantiallyenhancesgrowthincereals,pulses,vegetables,cotton,
oilseeds,fruitcrops,paddy, wheat, sugarcane , banana , Mustard seed,sunflower,soybean,
Onion, Garlic, Coffee ,Termeric, Mango , grapes ,Cardamon , Potatoes&Ornamental plants.

3. Bio Micro
(Micronutrient mobilizing liquid bio fertilizer) :
BioMicro, a biological mix, is capable of mobilizing Iron, Zinc and Sulphur and making them
available to the plant. This combination of selected and compatible bacteria acts to give
essential micronutrients to the plant. Iron mobilizing bacteria efficiently make iron available to
the plant. The metabolites secreted by microorganisms into the soil as strong chemical reagents
and the activities of microbial enzymes are principal factors in this process. Sulphur Mobilizing
bacteria - mobilize insoluble and chemically fixed sulphates and make them available to the
plant Zinc mobilizing bacteria - play an important role in increasing the availability of Zn in soil,
thus enhancing Zn accumulation. It fortifies the soil with bacterial metabolites . BioMicro
produces many organic acids like Ferric acid, Nicotinic acid, Tartaric acid, Mallic acid etc.
resulting in an overall increase in the availability of important micronutrients in the
rhizosphere.
For Seed treatment: 5ml of Bio Micro per kg of seeds.
RecommendedCrops:Substantiallyenhancesgrowthincereals,pulses,vegetables, cotton , oilseeds ,
fruit crops , paddy , wheat , sugarcane , banana , mustard seed , sunflower , Soybean , Onion , Garlic ,
Termeric , Mango , Grapes , Cardamon , Potatoes & Ornamental Plants.

4. P-Sol
(Phosphate solubilizing Bacteria)
Large amounts of phosphate fertilizers are used on a regular basis, but a large portion of
applied phosphorus is quickly converted to the insoluble form and only about 20-25% of
applied phosphorus is useful. A greater part of soil phosphorus is present in an insoluble form
and hence is unavailable to the plant. Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms are capable of
solubilizing Ca, Al, Fe phosphates as well as rock phosphates and mineralizing organic
phosphorus, making the phosphorus present in the soil available to the crop. [↑ 15%]
Seedtreatment: 5ml to 7ml of PSB per kg seeds.

5. N-Fix
(Nitrogen fixing soil enhancer)
N-fix hasthe abilitytofix atmosphericnitrogenforthe plant.Ithasan associative symbiotic
relationwithgraminaceousplants,therebymakingavailable atmosphericnitrogen(30-50%of N
requirement) tovariouscrops.Itsecretsammoniainthe rhizosphere inthe presence of root
exudates,whichhelpsnutrientuptake byplants.N-fix hasthe abilitytosynthesize auxins,
cytokinines,vitaminsandgrowthpromotingsubstancessuchasThiamin,riboflavin,Indole
aceticacid , gibberellins,nicotinicacidandvitaminB.Itsnitrogenfixingactivitycontinueseven
afterthe existingsourcesof nitrogenhave beenexhausted.Presence of organicmatter,
cellulolyticmicroorganismsandsmall amountsof humanscanfurtherincrease the efficiencyof
N-fix.
For Seedtreatment: 5-7ml per kg of seeds.

6. Nicoderma
(Bio fungicide)
Trichodermaviride isanantagonisticfungal organismpresentinthe soil andishighlyeffective forthe
control of seedandsoil borne diseasesof amajorityof economicallyimportantcrops,especiallypulses
and oil seeds.Thisbiocontrol agentwhenappliedalongwithseed,colonizesthe seedandmultiplieson
itssurface.It killsnotonlythe pathogenspresentonthe surface of the seedbutalsogivesprotection
againstsoil borne pathogensthroughthe life of the cropbyaction of mycoparasitismandantibiosis.
SeedtreatmentwithTrichodermaviride hasregisteredhighergerminationinanumberof studiesand
was at par with“Captan”.It is effective forcontrol of soil borne diseasescausedbyRhizoctoniasolani,
MacrophominaphaseolinaandFusariumspp;andisa veryimportantweaponagainstdiseasessuchas
root rot, seedlingdiseases,charcoal rot,wilt,damping- off,collarrot,etc.The potential of Trichoderma
viride inmanagingsoil borne pathogenshasbeendemonstratedinmanycropdiseaseslike seedling
disease of cotton(RamakrishnaandJeyarajan,1986; Aagarsamyet al.,1987a and b) root rot of
soyabean(JhariaandKhare-1986),root rot of Cowpea(Alagarasami Shivaprakasam.1988),charcoal rot
of sorghum(SekharandAnalosur,1986) and root rot of mung beancausedbyMacrophomina
phaseolina(Samiyyapanet.al,1987).
Seedtreatment: 10gm/kg seeds.
Caution:
 ApplyNicoderma/Bioniconema/BioAll/keeping7-8daysgap of chemical fertilizer
applicationinthe soil.

7. Bioniconema
(Bio-nematicides)
Paecilomyces lilacinus has been one of the principal genera of importance in bio-control studies
in recent years. Paecilomyces lilacinus, a bio-control fungus, protects the root systemagainst
diseases caused by plant parasitic nematodes, specifically root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne
spp.), reniform nematodes (Rotylenchulus reniformis), burrowing nematodes (Radopholus
similes) and citrus nematodes (Tylenchulus semipenetrans). These nematodes infect agricultural
and horticultural crops of economic importance. This bio-agent colonizes the root surface and is
an antagonistic fungus, strongly parasitic to eggs and egg-masses of plant parastic nematodes.
Bioniconema can destroy upto 90% of eggs and 75%-80% of eggmasses of nematodes.
Seedtreatment: 10gm/kg seeds

8. Effect of organic inputs of Nico Orgo on Potato crop
 Increases speed of germination of potato tuber.
 Increases potato tuber size.
 Increases luster of potato tubers.
 Increases potato tuber yield and quality.
 Increases storage capacity of potato tubers.
Steps to increase potato tuber Yield:
• Prefer sandy , goradu , and medium black soil for better yield of potato tubers.
• Use 600 kg seeds for sowing one vigha.
• Make only two pieces of one tuber and each piece should weigh minimum 50 g weight.
• Treat seeds with Nicoderma @ 10 g/kg seeds or mix 1 kg nicoderma in 150-200 kg orgo
manure / vigha and apply or apply 100-150 kg jaivik / vigha under the crop row for control
of black scurf disease of potato.
• Treat seeds with Bioniconema @ 10 g/kg seeds or mix 1 kg bioniconema in 150-200 kg
orgo manure/vigha and apply or apply 100-150 kg samrat/vigha under the crop row.
• Sow seeds(tuberpieces) at 50cm (betweenthe row) and 15cm (within the row between
pieces).
• Sow/plant tuber seeds around 15-30 november depending upon the temperature
prevailing.
Effect of organic inputs of Nico Orgo on Tomato Crop
Tomato isour importantvegetablecropbecause itisnotonlyusedfor vegetablepurpose butseveral
productscan be preparedfromit.Now-a-daysfarmersare growingmore tomatoinGujarat.
Raisingtomatonurseryisan importantthinginachievingexcellenttomatocrop.Generally25kg orgo
manure isrequiredin1 gunthaland (100m2
) forplanting1 vighafield.
Treat seedswith10g Nicoderma+ 10g Bioniconema/kg seedsor apply100g Nicoderma+ 100g
Bioniconemain the soil/guntha prior to seedingfor effective control ofdamping-offdisease and
nematodesin the nursery.

9. Bio-Management of Rotylenchulus reniformis in cowpea through seed treatment
Cowpea(vignasinesisL.) isone of the importantpulsesaswell asvegetable cropsandoccupiesa
prominentpositioninthe cereal-baseddiets of the people.InOrissa,the reniformnematode,
rotylenchulusreniformisiswidelyprevalentandfrequentlyobservedinall the cowpeagrowingregions
causingstuntedgrowth,yellowingof leavesanddelayinmaturity.The avoidable yieldlossdue to
R.reniformiswasestimatedtobe 21.7% incowpea(Anon,2003).Managementpracticesinvolving
chemicalsisnoteconomical besidesitstoxiceffectsinsoil ,plantandgroundwaterand israrely
followedinsubsistence cropslike pilsesasthese cropsare predominantlygrowninmarginal lands with
lowinputsupply.Hence,apromisingalternativeisthe use of ecofriendlybio-controlagentslike
Trichoderma viride and pseudomonasfluorescens. The presentstudyexplore the possibilityof using
these bio-control agentsagainstreniformnematodesinfectingcowpeathroughseedtreatment.
A fieldexperimentwasconductedinsickplotstoevaluate the bio-controlpotential of T.viride (Tv) and
P.fluorescens(Pf)availablecommerciallyforthe managementof reniformnematodeinfectingcowpea
(Pusabarsati). Seedtreatmentwith Pf and Tv formulationsin two differentdosesof5 or 10g/kg seeds
was done eitherindividuallyorin a possible combinationof 5g+5g/kg seeds. The resultsof the
experimentrevealedthatboththe bioagentswere significantlyeffective tosuppressthe populationof
R.reniformisinsoil aswellasincowpearootsas comparedto untreatedcheck(Table 1).
A Similartrendwasalsoobservedwithrespecttoyieldparameter.The bio-control potential of
P.fluorescensandT.virideasseedtreatmenthasalsobeendemonstratedbyvermaet.al,1998 in
blackgramagainstMeloidogyne incognita,sreenivasan&sundarababu,2007as well assivakumar,2009
incotton againstRotylenchulusreniformis.
Treatments Final Nematode Population Yield
200 cc soil
(log)
%
Decrease
5g root(On) %
decrease
Kg/plot Q/ha % Increase
T1 Pf @ 5g/kg
seed
238.0(2.37) 39.90 32.3(5.64) 26.09 1.80 24.00 7.77
T2 Pf @ 10g/kg
seed
193.0(2.28) 51.26 33.3(5.74) 23.80 1.87 24.93 11.94
T3 Tv @ 5g/kg
seed
212.7(2.33) 46.29 37.3(5.99) 14.65 1.80 24.00 7.77
T4 Tv @ 10g/kg
seed
180.7(2.25) 54.37 27.7(5.25) 36.61 2.13 28.40 27.53
T5 T1+T3 168.7(2.22) 57.40 24.0(4.84) 45.08 2.17 28.93 29.91
T6 Carbosulfan
ST @ 3% w/w
156.3(2.19) 60.53 19.3(4.33) 55.84 2.27 50.27 35.92
T7 Untreated 396.0(2.59) - 43.7(6.58) - 1.67 22.27 -
CD(P=0.05) (0.15) - (0.56) - 0.40 - -
Pf- Pseudomonasfluorescens,Tv – TrichodermaViride

10. Management of Stem and pod rot of groundnut through seed
Treatment
K.B. Rakholiya * and K.B. Jadeja
Departmentof plantpathology,college of Agriculture,JunagadhAgriculture University
Junagadh-362001 (Gujarat),India.E-mail:rakholiyakb@yahoo.co.in
A fieldexperimentwasconductfortwo yearsfortestingof differentsix seedtreatments
againststemand podrot of groundnut.Treatmentwere three fungicidesviz.mancozeb,
tebuconazole,andvitavax powder,twobioagentsviz.Trichodermaharzianumand
pseudomonasfluorescensandone insecticidei.e.chlorpyriphos.All the six seedtreatments
were superiortocontrol inreducingthe disease incidence.Minimumdisease incidence
(36.94%) was recordedinthe applicationof seed treatmentwithTrichodermaharzianum@
10.0gm/kg seedsfollowedbyvitavax powder(carboxin+thiram) 3.0g/kg(43.13%) and
tebuconazole 1.25g/kg(44.95%)
Efficacy of Oil cakes as seed dressing treatment for the management of
Root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita affecting Chickpea
Y.S.Yadav, A.U.Siddiqui, and Aruna Parihar
Department of Nematology, Rajasthan college of Agriculture,
Maharana pratap University of Agriculture & technology,Udaipur (Raj.)-313001
Chickpea(CicerarietinumL.),the world’sthirdimportantpulse crop,suffersadverselydue
to root-knotnematode,MeloidogyneincognitaandM.javanica(Sharma& Mc.
Donald,1990).Presentstudywasconductedto determinethe efficacyof oil cakes
(Neem,Karanj,mustard,castorand mahua) @10,15 and 20% (w/w) forthe management of
root-knotnematode,M.incognitaon gramas seeddressingtreatment.Anexperimentwas
conductedusingtreatmentof deoiledpowderedcakesof karanj,neem,mustard,castor,and
mahua as seeddressing @10,15, and20% w/w on seedusinggumas adhesive andchalk
powderasdrier.Treatedseedswithcakesanduntreatedseedaschecksownin15 cm sized
earthenclaypotswhichwere disinfectedwith4% formalinfilledwithinfestedsoil,withan
initial inoculumsof 4juvenile pergsoil.Treatmentswere replicated4times.
Pre-treatment of soya seeds
Before dibbling,soybeanshouldbe pre-treatedwithbio-fertilizerslike rhizobiumaswell as
phosphobacteria@10 gm perkg of seedto enable the soyaplanttofix atmosphericnitrogen
and convertthe unavailable formof phosphorousinthe soil intoavailableform.These factors
contribute tothe formationof more root nodulesandenhancedyieldof soybean.

11. Influence of seed Treatment of neem based formulations and chemical on
populations of cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera avenae infecting Wheat
and Barley
Indra Rajvanshi* And S.P.Bishnoi
Departmentof nematology,Agricultural researchstation,Durgapura,Jaipur-302018 (Rajasthan),India
*Corresponding author,E-mail: indrarajvanshi@yahoo.com
Wheatis one of the mostimportantcereal cropand occupiesprominentPositioninIndianagriculture
afterrice,Occupyingnearly27.54 mha andproducing80.58 milliontoimes(Anon,2009).Wheat(Triticum
aestivum) andbarley (Hordeumvulgare)are importantrabi cropsof rajasthan.These cropsare
vulnerable toanumberof pestand diseaseswhichcause considerable reductioninyield.
A managementtrial wasconductedatfarmer’sfieldof jaipurdistrict,Rajasthan,against cereal cyst
nematode,Heteroderaavenae onwheatvarietyRaj 1482 (susceptiblevariety) withinitialcyst
population41.0 cysts/200cc of soil.Six treatmentswere undertakeni.e.seedtreatmentwithneem-
basedformulations. Neemseedkernel powder(NSKP) v/w 10%,Neemarkv/w- 10%,Neem-oil-10ml/kg
seed) andchemicalsi.e.seedsoaking(carbosulfan25 EC-2% for 2 h) alongwithtreatedcheck(soil
applicationof carbofuran3G @ 1.5kg ai/ha) anduntreatedcheck.Aqueousextreactof dryneemseed
kernel powderwas preparedbysoaking100 g, neemseedkernelpowderin1000ml of distilledwaterfor
24 h and thenfilteredthroughwhatmanfilterpaperno.1. In thisextractseedwere dippedfor2 h. In
liquidformulationlikesneemark,seedtreatmentwasdone @10% v/w of seed.Treatedseedswere air
driedandusedthereafter.
Treatments Dosages Grain yield
(q/ha)
% increase
of yieldover
control
No.of cyst
pre plant
% Decrease
overcontrol
No.of
cysts/200 cc
soil
Neemseed
kernel
powderv/w
(seed
treatment)
10% 38.0 104.3 7.6 68.3 19.0
Neemark
v/w
10% 32.7 75.8 11.3 52.9 21.6
Neemoil
(seed
treatment)
10ml/kg
seed
30.7 65.0 13.6 43.3 31.0
Carbosulfan
25EC (Seed
soaking)
2% 40.3 116.6 7.3 69.5 18.6
Carbosulfan
3G (soil
application)
1.5kg a.i./ha 42.6 129.0 6.0 75.0 14.0
Untreated
check
- 18.6 - 24.0 - 43.3
CD (P=0.05) 1.7 1.5 1.9

12. Efficacy of Fungal Antagonists as seed Treatment in the Management of
Meloidogyne javanica in cowpea
K.K.Verma , S.R.Goel and S.N.Nandal
Department of Nematology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University,Hisar-125004,India
Cowpeaisone of the importantpulse cropsIndiansub-continentincludingnortheastern
regions.Itisa multipurpose commonlyusedasavegetable,pulse,fodderandgreenmanure
and isoftenassociatedwithanumberof pestsincludingroot-knotnematode,Meloidogynespp.
Use of antagonisticfungi suchas Trichodermaspp.AndGliocladiumvirensappliedaseither
seedtreatmentorsoil treatmenthadprovedveryeffectiveagainstnematodeswhenapplied
eitheralone orinintegrationwithothernematode managementstrategies(Haseeb&shukla,
2004; pandeyetal.,2003, vermaetal.,2006).
The experimentwasconductedinfifteencmearthempotsfilledwithsteamsterilizedsoil.The
seedsof a cowpeasusceptiblevar. Eachfunguswas usedasseedtreatment@5 g and 109/kg
seed.Besidesthese,Carbosulfanseedtreatment@3 percent a.i. (w/w) anduntreatedcheck
was alsomaintainedforcomparison.Treatedcowpeaseedswere sowninpots andthenthinned
and inoculatedwithroot-knotnematode,M.javanica@1 J2/g soil (1000 J2/pot).Intotal,there
were six treatmentswithfourreplicationsarrangedincompletelyrandomizeddeignsetup.The
germinationpercentage of seedswasalsorecordedone weekaftersowing.The data oncowpea
plantgrowthparametersandnumberof galls, egg masses,and final soil populationof
nematodesinthe soil wasrecorded45 daysafter nematode inoculation.
Table 1. Managementof root-knotnematode,Meloidogyne javanicabyfungal antagonists ,
Trichodermaviride andGliocladiumvirensasseedtreatmentincowpea(Vignaunguiculata)
Treatments Shoot
length(cm)
Fresh shoot
weight(g)
Dry shoot
weight(g)
Fresh shoot
weight(g)
Dry shoot
weight(g)
No. of
galls/plant
No. of egg
masses/plant
Final soil(J2)
pop./200 cc
soil
T.viride @
5g/kg seed
20.3 9.8 3.6 9.8 3.0 103.5(10.2) 52.8(7.3) 402.0(20.0)
T.viride @
10g/kg seed
24.3 12.5 4.3 11.6 3.6 90.5(9.6) 44.5(6.7) 300.0(17.3)
G.virens @
5g/kg seed
20.1 9.5 3.3 9.4 3.0 114.3(10.7) 56.5(7.6) 418.0(20.3)
G.virens @ 10
g/kg seed
23.6 12.1 4.2 11.8 3.6 90.8(6.9) 46.3(6.9) 314.0(17.7)
Carbosulfan@
3% a.i. (w/w)
24.2 12.0 3.8 11.1 3.8 81.0(9.0) 42.3(6.6) 280.0(16.7)
Untreated
Check
18.7 8.4 3.0 7.6 2.5 131.5(11.5) 65.0(8.1) 478.0(21.8)
C.D.(P=0,05) 1.3 0.7 0.2 0.8 0.2 (0.3) (0.2) NS

13. Significantlybettergrowthof cowpeaplantsandreducedgallingandmultiplicationof
M.javanicawas observedbytreatingseedswithT.viride andG.virens@10 g/kgseed.Itcouldbe
inferredfromdatathat use of T.viride wasbetterthanG.virensatboth the doses.