Behavioral therapy aims to change maladaptive behaviors by focusing on environmental factors that influence behavior, rather than internal mental processes. It is based on the work of psychologists like Pavlov, Watson, Skinner and involves techniques like systematic desensitization, modeling, exposure therapy, and stimulus control therapy. Behavioral therapists believe all behaviors are learned and can be unlearned, focusing on observable behaviors over internal experiences.

1. BEHAVIORAL
THERAPY
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2. Behavioral therapy is a treatment that helps
change potentially self-destructing behaviors. It is
also called behavioral modification . As its name
suggests, behavioral therapy is focused on human
behaviour and looks to eradicate unwanted or
maladaptive behaviour.
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3.  Certain fundamental aspects of
behavior therapy have been
identified in various ancients
philosophical tradition. E.g. Lazarus.
 All the behavioral therapies were
developed by behaviorists.
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4.  Freud emphasis was on sexism and
unconscious, was most popular in Europe and
Germany. But Americans criticized him.
 Americans developed school of thoughts as
Europe and Germany.
 They openly described their ideas and they
first started work on operant behavior, their
focus is on behavior rather than mind.
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5.  Freud gave all concepts in Dutch, when they
are translated, their meaning changed and
people mind his idea that why his school of
thought lacks behind.
 Behaviorism was develop by Watson and
Pavlov, Pavlov worked on classical
conditioning, but this concept was first gave by
Aristotle.
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6.  Skinner is the first person responsible for the
popularization of behavioral treatments.
• Applied behavioral analysis is “a direct
extension of skinner's radical behaviorism”
which is based on operant conditioning.
Other notables in behavioral therapy camp are
historical figures such as Pavlov, Watson and
Marry cover jones.
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7. Contemporary figures include Albert Bandura,
Krumboltz, Steven Hayes, and Marsha Linehan
Also greatly added to this way of working with
clients.
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8. Behaviorists as a group share the following ideas
about human nature:
 A concentration on behavioral processes—that
is processes closely related to overt behavior
 Focus on here and now as opposes to then and
there
 An assumption that all behaviors are learned
whether adaptive or maladaptive
 Belief that learning can be effective in changing
maladaptive behavior
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9.  Focus on setting up well defined therapy goals
with their clients.
 Rejection of the idea that human personality is
composed of traits.
behaviorists stresses on the importance of
obtaining empirical evidence and scientific
support for any technique they use.
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10. A therapist can take several roles, depending on
his or her behavioral orientations and the
client's goal
 Therapist function as consultant, teacher,
advisor, reinforcer and facilitator.
 Supervise or support the people in the client's
environment who are assisting in change
process
 Operates from a broad perspective.
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11.  Help the client to make adjustment to life
circumstances and achieve personal and
professional objectives.
 Modifying or eliminating the maladaptive
behaviors and helping them to acquire healthy,
constructive ways of acting.
 Unproductive should be replaced with
productive ways of responding.
 Should be mutually agreed on goals.
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12.  The goal of their therapies was focused on
behavior and re-shapping of behavior.
 Therapies should be scientific or person should
be capable of solving problems.
 He should not dependent.
 Focused on subjects behavior rather than
unconcious.
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13.  Systematic desensitization
 Modeling
 Exposure therapy
 Stimulus control therapy
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14.  It is step by step procedure in which we reduce
person’s phobias. We present that phobia in
such a way that it loose its intensity.
The main purpose is to stand in front of
people and allow them to speak whatever they
want. It being from irrational to rational.
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15. 1. Interview
2. Muscle relaxation
3. Hierarchy
4. Procedure
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16.  Behaviorist don’t deeply problems. They just
check there behavior that what type of phobia
he has and how much intensity.
Whatever the person is able of going
through systematic desensitization because every
person is not much imagination.
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17.  We relax muscles. Ask the person to relax there
whole body and lay down.
 First of all 16 muscles group are tensed like
first we ask him to tense his hand, then wrist
then elbow.
 After 16 we come to 8 muscles then 4 like
tensed his whole arm. Then ask him to tense
each and every part together and then relax
your body.
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18.  See which aspects causes fear, its intensity. We
take it from bottom to top depending upon the
severity and condition of client.
 E.g: Like rat fear or Height fear
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19.  Sit the person in calm position and close his
eyes. When his muscles get tensed or you are
afraid then raiser your index finger.
 When you are sitting then you should note his
facial expressions, imagination, note time.
 Don’t let him open his eyes resolve the
problem of that stage either by dividing into
short stages.
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20.  If a person takes longer time 2 to 3 days then
develop threshold for him so that it will
become easier for him to deal with other steps
in continue this process until the problem is
resolved and the client is satisfied.
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21.  Definition of modeling
 Example
 Definition of Imitation
 Example
 Differentiate through pictures
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22. Imitation and modelling are often referred
interchangeably. They both are behavioral patterns.
MODELLING :
It is a type of learning that occurs as a function of
observing, retaining and replicating novel behavior
exhibited by others. It has complex nature (Bandura)
EXAMPLE :
The observer might learn that , this is not the right way to
lift that object. He might not like to try a similar act as
he has understood that it is not a right way. The
observer has learnt something, and thus the person
who lifted the object serves as a model for the person.
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23.  Role playing and role modeling
 Self modeling
 Covert modeling
 Take desire behavior through TV, Movie or
Video clip.
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24.  A person who serves as a model, in a particular
behavioral or social role for another person to
emulate.
 Just copy me and do as I do, then perform it in
your own way.
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25.  Self modeling is a subset of symbolic modeling,
in which a person construct a model of the way
their system operates and in so doing, provides
feedback to the system from which it can learn.
 In which condition he should perform and ask
him to extract, copy and perform your self.
 Self modeling is a way of self learning: the self
Is learning about the self from the self and
through that very process the self develop,
which then required further self modeling.
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26.  Imagination the person that what do you want?
 Close your eyes all the behavior.
 Then perform it.
 Firstly apply in clinical setting and than
perform original setting .
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27.  Exposure therapy is a technique in
behavior therapy intended to treat anxiety
disorders. It involves the exposure of the
patient to the feared object or context without
any danger, in order to overcome their anxiety.
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28.  Exposure therapy also called FLOOD therapy,
that deals with the real and imaginative
stimuli.
 Exposure therapy, as the name suggests,
exposes you to the situations or objects you
fear. The idea is that through repeated
exposures, you’ll feel an increasing sense of
control over the situation and your anxiety will
diminish.
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29.  In vitro Exposure Therapy
 In vivo Exposure Therapy
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30.  Person imagine the situation and then expose
him to that situation.
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31.  In Vivo Exposure Therapy is a form of
Cognitive Behavior Therapy that is used to
reduce the fear associated with these triggers.
 The patient suffers from disquieting signals in
their brain that tell them something bad will
happen as a result of a certain action or
situation.
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32.  Stimulus control is said to occur when an
organism behaves in one way in the presence
of a given stimulus and another way in its
absence. For example, the presence of a stop
sign increases the probability that "braking"
behavior will occur.
 Such behavior is brought about
by reinforcing the behavior in the presence of
one stimulus and omitting reinforcement in the
presence of another stimulus.
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33.  The behavior occurs immediately when the
conditioned stimulus is given.
 The behavior never occurs in the absence of the
stimulus.
 The behavior never occurs in response to some
other stimulus.
 No other behavior occurs in response to this
stimulus.
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34. Classical conditioning was
one of the earlier principles of
behavior change identified by
researchers.
It was one of the first methods
used for behavior change.
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35.  The essence of classical conditioning is the
pairing of an unconditioned reflex with a new
stimulus, producing a conditioned reflex.
 Also called two stimuli association.
 For example, consider it use in the treatment of
alcoholism. Ant-abuse(unconditioned
stimulus) is a drug that produces extreme
nausea, gagging, and vomiting (unconditioned
response) when taken in conjunction with
alcohol.
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36.  Overtime, the alcohol will become associated
with nausea, gagging and vomiting
(unconditioned response) without the ant-
abuse being present.
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37.  Unconditioned stimulus( Ant abuse)
↓
 Unconditioned response( nausea, gagging,
vomiting)
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38.  Unconditioned stimulus( Ant-abuse) +
 Conditioned stimulus( Alcohol)
↓
 Unconditioned Response( Nausea, gagging and
vomiting)
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39.  Conditioned stimulus( alcohol)
↓
 Conditioned response( nausea, gagging and
vomiting)
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40.  In operant conditioning responses come to be
controlled by their consequences.
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41.  General behavioral techniques
 Use of reinforcers
 Schedules of reinforcement
 Shaping
 Generalization
 Maintenance
 Extinction
 punishment
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42.  A Reinforcer are those events , when they
follow a behavior increase the probability of
behavior repeating. It can be either positive or
negative
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43. 1) Do you want to decrease the undesirable
behavior?
2) Is the behavior already occurring at least
occasionally.
3) Do you have an access to a reinforcer that you
can deliver?
4) Define the desirable target behavior.
5) Define the undesirable target behavior.
6) Identify reinforcer.
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44.  Observe the individual, identify the reinforcer.
 Observe the individual and identify high rates
of behavior.
 Ask the individual parents or teachers.
 Reinforcer use questionnaire and measure.
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45. Continuous reinforcement
Intermittent reinforcement
Fixed or interval
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46.  Behavior learned gradually in steps through
successive approximation is known as
shapping.
When clients are learning new skills, therapist
may help the client to break behavior into
manageable units
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47.  Target behavior is shaped.
 If a person is nor getting target behavior then
we shaped mold his all behavior to achieve that
target behavior, That is naturally occurring.
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48.  Tendency for the condition to produce or
stimulate similar response.
 Display outside the environment where it was
originally developed.
 It indicate transfer to another setting
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49.  Consistent in performing the action being
desired without depending on anyone else for
support
 Emphasis is placed on increasing client's self
control and self management
 This is done through self monitoring which
include self–observation and self-recordings
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50.  Extinction is the elimination of behavior
because of a withdrawal of its reinforcement.
 Few individuals will continue doing something
that is not rewarding
 Punishment involves presenting an aversive
stimulus to situation to suppress or eliminate
behavior.
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51.  Behavioral rehearsal
 Environmental planning
 Systematic desensitization
 Assertive training
 Contingency contracts
 Implosion and flooding
 Time out
 Overcorrection
 Covert sensitization
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52.  Consists of practicing a desired until it is
performed the way the client wishes
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53. Environmental planning involves a client,s setting
up part of the environment to promote or limit
certain behaviors
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54.  Designed to help clients overcome anxiety in
particular situation
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55. Person should be free to express thoughts and
feelings without undue anxiety.
Technique consists of counter conditioning
anxiety and reinforcing assertiveness.
Through this client learn the difference among
aggressive, passive and assertive actions.
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56.  These contracts spell out the behavior to be
performed, changed, or discontinued; the
rewards associated with the achievement of
these goals; and the condition under which
reward are to be received
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57.  Implosive is a technique that involves
desensitizing a clients to a situation by having
him or her imagine an anxiety producing
situation that may have dire consequences.
Client is not taught to relax first
 Flooding is less traumatic , as imagined anxiety
producing scene but not have dire
consequences.
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58.  Mild aversive stimulus in which client is
separated from the opportunity to receive
positive reward.
 Employed for short period of time, such as 5
minutes.
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59.  In overcorrection a client first restore the
environment to its natural state and than make
it better than normal
 In covert desensitization undesired behavior is
eliminated by associating it with
unpleasantness.
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60.  Directly deal with symptoms
 Focus on here and now
 Save time and money
 Supported by good research
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61.  Not deal with total person just on explicit
behaviors
 Sometimes applied mechanically
 Best under controlled conditions
 Ignores the past history and unconsciousness
 Not consider developmental changes
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