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Behavior therapy
The document is a presentation on behavior therapy, detailing its definition, purpose, major assumptions, indications, principles, techniques, and the role of nurses in this therapeutic approach. It emphasizes that behavior therapy aims to modify unhealthy behaviors and promote personal growth through learned experiences and tailored strategies. Various behavior modification techniques such as systematic desensitization, aversion therapy, and cognitive behavior therapy are also discussed, highlighting the importance of actively engaging patients in their treatment process.
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Behavior therapy
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- 2. PRESENTATION ON :-BEHAVIOR THERAPY SUBMITTED TO:- SUBMITTED BY:- MISS. RITIKA SONI KAJAL CHANDEL HEAD OF DEPARTMENT MSC(N)1ST YEAR (MENTAL HEALTH NURSING) ROLL-NO:- 2 SUBMITTED ON :-
- 3. OBJECTIVES:- At the endof the class the group will be able to: Define the topic. Explain purpose and Major assumptions of Behavior Therapy. Enlist the indications of Behavior Therapy. Explain the principles of Behavior Therapy. Explain the techniques of Behavior Therapy. Explain the Role of nurse in Behavior Therapy.
- 4. INTRODUCTION It isa form of treatment for problem in which a trained person deliberately establishes a professional relationship with the patients, with the objective of removing or modifying existing symptoms and promoting positive personality, growth and development.
- 5. DEFINITION Behavioral therapyis an umbrella term for types of therapy that treat mental health disorders. This form of therapy seeks to identify and help change potentially self-destructive or unhealthy behaviors. It functions on the idea that all behaviors are learned and that unhealthy behaviors can be changed. The focus of treatment is often on current problems and how to change them.
- 7. PURPOSES OF BEHAVIOR THERAPY Permanentchange in behavior occurs as a result of practice or experience . Correction of the abnormal psycho- dynamics which are contributing the illness . Helpful even in those conditions which are refractory(stubborn) to other form of therapy.
- 8. MAJOR ASSUMPTIONS OF BEHAVIORTHERAPY The following are the assumptions of behavior therapy. All behavior is learned (adaptive and maladaptive)
- 9. Human beings arepassive organisms that can be conditioned or shaped to do anything if correct responses are rewarded or reinforced.
- 10. Maladaptive behavior canbe unlearned and replaced by adaptive behavior if the person recieves exposure to specific stimuli and reinforcement for the desired adaptive behavior.
- 11. Behavior assessment isfocused more on the current behavior rather than on historical antecedents.
- 12. Treatment strategies areindividually tailored.
- 13. INDICATIONS Anxiety disorders: •Panic •Phobia •Obsessive compulsiveneurosis •Generalization anxiety •Post traumatic stress •Neurotic depression
- 14. Mood disorders:- Bipolar disorder Majordepression Schizophrenia Somatoform disorders Tics Maladaptive habits
- 15. Eating disorders • Bulimia •Obesity • Anorexia nervosa Dissociative disorders Psychosomatic disorders • Headache • Hypertension • Reynaud’s syndrome
- 16. • Chronic pain •Asthma • Insomnia • Gastro-intestine disorders
- 17. Psychosexual disorders •Paraphilia •Gender identitydisorders •Homosexuality Substance abuse •Alcohol dependence
- 18. Childhood disorders • Enuresis •Conduct disorders • Hyperkinesia • Autism • Habit disorders • Mental retardation
- 19. Geropsychiatric disorders • Dementia Personalitydisorders • Psychopathy • Criminality • Sexual deviation
- 20. PRINCIPLES OF BEHAVIOR THERAPY Generalreliance on principles of learning , that is by learning by doing , learning by trail and error , learning by conditioning. Close observation of behavior . Concentration on the symptoms as they are target for therapy . A commitment to objective evaluation of efficacy.
- 21. BEHAVIOR THERAPY TECHNIQUES 1. Behavioralmodification 2. Systematic desensitization 3. Aversion therapy 4. Assertiveness training
- 22. 5. Cognitive behaviortherapy 6. Implosive (flooding) therapy 7. Positive reinforcement 1.Response shaping. 2.Modeling. 3.Token economy
- 23. 1.BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION It isalso called “simple Extinction.” Learned behavior pattern becomes a waste or disappears if it is not reinforced. To eliminated a maladaptive behavior one has to remove the reinforcement for it.
- 24. It is effectivewhen reinforcement is being used without the knowledge of the affected individual.
- 25. For Example Everytime Sonu, a nine year old girl bites her nails, her mother gives her an angry look. Sonu understand the mother anger & tries not to repeat the bad habit. A maladaptive behavior is gradually removed. Mother anger is a punishment for sonu .
- 26. 2. SYSTEMATIC DESENSITIZATION Itwas developed by Joseph wolpe, based on the behavioral principle of counter conditioning. In this, patient attain a state of complete relaxation and are then exposed to the stimulus that elicits the anxiety response. The negative reaction of anxiety is inhibited by the relaxed state, a process called reciprocal inhibition.
- 27. It consists ofthree main steps: 1. Relaxation training 2. Hierarchy construction 3. Desensitization of the stimulus 1)Relaxation training:-There are many methods which can be used to induce relaxation. Some of them are:
- 28. Jacobson's progressivemuscle relaxation Hypnosis Meditation or yoga Mental imagery biofeedback
- 29. For Example Achild is having fear of crossing the road. For a few days the mother can take the child to the road & just stand & talk about other thing. The child keeps observing people crossing the road. Than after 2-3 days mother & child cross the road while they are talking. This may reduce the anxiety in a child as he is allowed to cross the road in a relaxed manner. Therapy is very useful for patient who have developed certain fears specially to domestic animals like dog.
- 30. 2) Hierarchy construction:-Here the patient is asked to list all the conditions which provoke anxiety. Then he is asked to list them in a descending order of anxiety provocation.
- 31. 3)Desensitization of thestimulus :-This can either be done in reality or though imagination. At first, the lowest item in hierarchy is confronted. The patient is advised to signal whenever anxiety is produced. After a few trails, patient is able to control his anxiety gradually.
- 32. INDICATION Phobias Obessions Compulsions Certain sexual disorders
- 33. 3.AVERSION THERAPY Pairingof the pleasant with an unpleasant response, so that even in absence of the unpleasant response the pleasant stimulus becomes unpleasant . Unpleasant response is produced by electric stimulus, drugs, social disapproval or even fantasy.
- 34. It is aform of behavior therapy in which the patient is conditioned to avoid an undesirable behavior or symptoms by associating them with painful or unpleasant experiences, such as putting a bitter taste on nails or tongue for nail biting, giving drug like apormorphine which cause nausea & vomiting on taking alcohol or an electric shock to treat a child with enuresis.
- 35. Typically, 20-40 sessionare given, with each session lasting about 1 hour. After completion of treatment, booster session may be given.
- 36.
- 37. 4.ASSERTIVENESS AND SOCIAL SKILLTRAINING Assertive training is a behavior therapy technique in which the patient is given training to bring about change in emotional and other behavioral pattern by being assertive. Patient is encouraged not to be afraid of showing an appropriate response, negative or positive, to an idea or suggestion.
- 38. Assertive behavior trainingis given by the therapist, first by role play and then by practice in a real life situation. Social skills training helps to improve social manners like encouraging eye contact, speaking appropriately, observing simple etiquette and relating to people.
- 39. This training canbe used for client with bulimia nervosa & major depression, mentally healthy & mentally ill persons.
- 40. 5.COGNITIVE BEHAVIOR THERAPY Itis a psychotherapeutic approach based on the idea that emotional problems in an individual arise due to faulty ways of thinking & distorted attitude towards oneself & others. The therapist takes the role of a guide who helps the patient to correct & revise his perceptions & thoughts.
- 41. This helps thepatient to change his thoughts, feelings & behavior about himself. Cognitive behavior therapy is considered effective in the treatment of depression & adjustment difficulties.
- 42. 6.IMPLOSIVE THERAPY (FLOODING) Itis a behavior therapy techniques opposite to systematic desensitization, no prior relaxation techniques are taught to the patient. In this therapy, an individual is exposed directly to a maximum intensity fear- producing situation either in imagination or in real life. The patient gradually feels no actual danger in the situation.
- 43. For Examples; Hehas developed intense phobia of a lizard. During psychotherapy session suddenly the therapist puts a rubberized lizard on the table. For a minute the patient may get scared but gradually may start handling a rubberized lizard while taking.
- 44. 7. POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT It is a stimulus or stimulus situation which is given to a patient or individual after the response. When the stimulus is given after the response it is on the basis that the strength of the response is increased & that the response will appear again.
- 45. Examples; as soonas the infants gets up & walks, the mother claps & gives the infant a piece of chocolate to enjoy.
- 46. Positive Reinforcementcan be done by: a. Responsive shaping b. Modelling c. Token Economy
- 47. a. Response Shaping:Positive reinforcement is used in response shaping or incorporating or establishing a response which is not existing in an individual’s behavior. This technique is used in a behavior problem or mental retardation.
- 48. For example; Shubam,14, has an intelligence level of a five years old child. He had never done any of this activities such as washing after defecation, wearing shoes & socks. The therapist trained the family member to encourage Shubam to wear his socks & shoes. When he wears them he should be taken for a ride (car) which he enjoys the maximum. In this way he can be encourage to learn those behaviors which he has never learnt.
- 49. b. Modelling: Modellingis a behavior therapy technique in which learning occurs through observation. The client watches someone else perform a particular action such as answering telephone. Models are often parents or other adults & children.
- 50. Modelling is aform of social learning & is often called observation learning
- 51. c. Token Economy:It is a behavioral therapy programme usually conducted in a hospital or classroom setting. In token economy the desired behavior is reinforced by offering tokens that can be exchanged for special food, games, comics or other rewards.
- 52. For example; apatient with schizophrenia does not maintain personal hygiene. The day he maintains he gets a token as reinforcer that he can watch T.V. when he desire. Like this he is able to collect many tokens & adapt behavior which is socially acceptable. Like maintaining personal hygiene. Sometimes in return of tokens the patient may exchange then by asking for PAROLE.
- 53. NURSES' ROLE INBEHAVIOR THERAPY Devises (plan) behavioral objectives with the client. Identifies the behavior that is to be changed and breaks them down in to small and manage able segments. Advocates for clients identification behaviors that are appropriate, constructive and amenable to change whatever the treatment setting .
- 54. Observe , documentsand outline behavior targeted for change . Teaches and reinforces cognitive – behavior techniques particularly in inpatient or community setting with a behavioral orientation. Teaches progressive relaxation to the client with anxiety , models , shapes and reinforces appropriate behavior.
- 55. Initiates and leadsgroups that focus on developing social skills and assertive behaviors . Refers the clients for cognitive behavior therapy . As a member of the interdisciplinary team , conducts 6-20 sessions for effective outcome.
- 56. CONCLUSIONS Homework is anessential component of behavior therapy. Homework affords patients the opportunity to be their own therapists and to solidify the learning that took place during sessions. This opportunity to practice being one’s own therapist likely plays an important role in maintaining treatment gains and preventing relapse once treatment is over.
- 57. CONTINUE…. Given the relationshipof homework to outcome, it is essential that therapists are careful about the way that they assign and review homework and take care of issues of noncompliance as soon as they arise.
- 58. SUMMARIZATION In today classwe had discussed about Introduction and definition of Behavior Therapy. Purposes and Major assumptions of Behavior Therapy. Indications and Principles of Behavior Therapy. Techniques and Nurses roles in Behavior Therapy.
- 59. RECAPTULIZATION Q. Define BehaviorTherapy. Q.Explain the Purposes of Behavior therapy. Q. Enlist the indication of Behavior therapy. Q. Explain the Cognitive Behavior therapy. Q. Explain the Role of nurse in Behavior Therapy.
- 60. BIBLOGRAPHY BOOK REFRENCES:- Neeraj .K.P.Essential of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing. 1st ed.;Jaypee:P 337- 42. Sreevani.R. A Guide to Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing.4th ed.Japee; P14477. INTERNET REFRENCES:- http://www.slideshare.net