The document discusses a BCD to 7-segment decoder which converts binary coded decimal (BCD) input into signals that drive the segments of a 7-segment display. A 7-segment display contains 7 LED segments that can be illuminated in different combinations to display numbers or characters. The decoder uses a truth table and Karnaugh maps to simplify the logic and outputs the appropriate signals to light the correct segments based on the 4-bit BCD input. Commonly used ICs like the 7447 contain this decoding logic and are used to interface between BCD inputs and either common-anode or common-cathode 7-segment displays.