JDBC provides a standard interface for connecting to and working with databases in Java applications. There are four main types of JDBC drivers: Type 1 drivers use ODBC to connect to databases but are only compatible with Windows. Type 2 drivers use native database client libraries but require the libraries to be installed. Type 3 drivers use a middleware layer to support multiple database types without native libraries. Type 4 drivers connect directly to databases using a pure Java implementation, providing cross-platform compatibility without additional layers.
Java applications cannot directly communicate with a database to submit data and retrieve the results of queries.
This is because a database can interpret only SQL statements and not Java language statements.
For this reason, you need a mechanism to translate Java statements into SQL statements.
The JDBC architecture provides the mechanism for this kind of translation.
The JDBC architecture can be classified into two layers :
JDBC application layer.
JDBC driver layer.
JDBC application layer : Signifies a Java application that uses the JDBC API to interact with the JDBC drivers. A JDBC driver is software that a Java application uses to access a database. The JDBC driver manager of JDBC API connects the Java application to the driver.
JDBC driver layer : Acts as an interface between a Java applications and a database. This layer contains a driver , such as a SQL server driver or an Oracle driver , which enables connectivity to a database.
A driver sends the request of a Java application to the database. After processing the request, the database sends the response back to the driver. The driver translates and sends the response to the JDBC API. The JDBC API forwards it to the Java application.
Java applications cannot directly communicate with a database to submit data and retrieve the results of queries.
This is because a database can interpret only SQL statements and not Java language statements.
For this reason, you need a mechanism to translate Java statements into SQL statements.
The JDBC architecture provides the mechanism for this kind of translation.
The JDBC architecture can be classified into two layers :
JDBC application layer.
JDBC driver layer.
JDBC application layer : Signifies a Java application that uses the JDBC API to interact with the JDBC drivers. A JDBC driver is software that a Java application uses to access a database. The JDBC driver manager of JDBC API connects the Java application to the driver.
JDBC driver layer : Acts as an interface between a Java applications and a database. This layer contains a driver , such as a SQL server driver or an Oracle driver , which enables connectivity to a database.
A driver sends the request of a Java application to the database. After processing the request, the database sends the response back to the driver. The driver translates and sends the response to the JDBC API. The JDBC API forwards it to the Java application.
Servlet is java class which extends the functionality of web server by dynamically generating web pages.
Servlet technology is used to create Dynamic web application. Servlet technology is robust and scalable. init() and service() methods are more important in life cycle of a servlet. doGet() and doPost() are methods used under service() method.
JSP technology has facilitated the segregation of the work of a Web designer and a Web developer.
A Web designer can design and formulate the layout for the Web page by using HTML.
On the other hand, a Web developer working independently can use java code and other JSP specific tags to code the business logic.
The simultaneous construction of the static and dynamic content facilitates development of quality applications with increased productivity.
Servlet is java class which extends the functionality of web server by dynamically generating web pages.
Servlet technology is used to create Dynamic web application. Servlet technology is robust and scalable. init() and service() methods are more important in life cycle of a servlet. doGet() and doPost() are methods used under service() method.
JSP technology has facilitated the segregation of the work of a Web designer and a Web developer.
A Web designer can design and formulate the layout for the Web page by using HTML.
On the other hand, a Web developer working independently can use java code and other JSP specific tags to code the business logic.
The simultaneous construction of the static and dynamic content facilitates development of quality applications with increased productivity.
Mumbai Academics is Mumbai’s first dedicated Professional Training Center for Training with Spoke and hub model with Multiple verticles . The strong foundation of Mumbai Academics is laid by highly skilled and trained Professionals, carrying mission to provide industry level input to the freshers and highly skilled and trained Software Professionals/other professional to IT companies.
JDBC tutorial with full example, including CRUD sql statement with JDBC Statement and PreparedStatement, interact Stored Procedure with CallableStatement, JDBC transaction
A quick view of the types of the JDBC drivers in Java. This document contains a simpler introduction about JDBC driver, their types, advantages, disadvantages and where or in which scenario they should be used.
JDBC stands for Java Database Connectivity. JDBC is a Java API to connect and execute the query with the database. It is a part of JavaSE (Java Standard Edition). JDBC API uses JDBC drivers to connect with the database
Before JDBC, ODBC API was the database API to connect and execute the query with the database. But, ODBC API uses ODBC driver which is written in C language (i.e. platform dependent and unsecured). That is why Java has defined its own API (JDBC API) that uses JDBC drivers (written in Java language).
We can use JDBC API to handle database using Java program and can perform the following activities:
Connect to the database
Execute queries and update statements to the database
Retrieve the result received from the database.
Java Hibernate Programming with Architecture Diagram and Examplekamal kotecha
Java Hibernate Introduction, Architecture and Example with step by step guidance to run the program especially for students and teachers.
Learn More @ http://java2all.com/technology/hibernate
Network programming in java - PPT with Easy Programs and examples of Java InetAddress Class and java socket programming example.
Learn more @ http://java2all.com/technology/network-programming
ppt of class and methods in java,recursion in java,nested class,java,command line argument,method overloading,call by value,call by reference,constructor overloading core java ppt
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
4. JDBC - Java Database Connectivity.
JDBC provides API or Protocol to interact
with different databases.
With the help of JDBC driver we can
connect with different types of databases.
Driver is must needed for connection
establishment with any database.
A driver works as an interface between the
client and a database server.
http://www.java2all.com
5. JDBC have so many classes and interfaces
that allow a java application to send request
made by user to any specific DBMS(Data Base
Management System).
JDBC supports a wide level of portability.
JDBC provides interfaces that are compatible
with java application
http://www.java2all.com
7. Components of JDBC:
JDBC has four main components as under and
with the help of these components java application can
connect with database.
The JDBC API - it provides various methods
and interfaces for easy communication with database.
The JDBC DriverManager - it loads database
specific drivers in an application to establish
connection with database.
The JDBC test suite - it will be used to test an
operation being performed by JDBC drivers.
The JDBC-ODBC bridge - it connects database
drivers to the database. http://www.java2all.com
8. JDBC Specification:
Different version of JDBC has different
specification as under.
JDBC 1.0 - it provides basic functionality of
JDBC.
JDBC 2.0 - it provides JDBC API(JDBC 2.0
Core API and JDBC 2.0 Optional Package API).
JDBC 3.0 - it provides classes and interfaces in
two packages(java.sql and javax.sql).
JDBC 4.0 - it provides so many extra features
like Auto loading of the driver interface.
Connection management.
ROWID data type support. http://www.java2all.com
9. Enhanced support for large object like
BLOB(Binary Large Object) and CLOB(Character
Large Object).
http://www.java2all.com
10. JDBC Architecture:
As we all know now that driver is required to
communicate with database.
JDBC API provides classes and interfaces to
handle request made by user and response made by
database.
Some of the important JDBC API are as under.
DriverManager Driver
Connection Statement
PreparedStatement CallableStatement
ResultSet DatabaseMetaData
ResultSetMetaData
http://www.java2all.com
11. Here The DriverManager plays an important role
in JDBC architecture.
It uses some database specific drivers to
communicate our J2EE application to database.
http://www.java2all.com
12. As per the diagram first of all we have to
program our application with JDBC API.
With the help of DriverManager class than
we connect to a specific database with the help of
spcific database driver.
Java drivers require some library to
communicate with the database.
We have four different types of java drivers.
We will learn all that four drivers with
architecture in next chapter.
http://www.java2all.com
13. Some drivers are pure java drivers and some are
partial.
So with this kind of JDBC architecture we can
communicate with specific database.
We will learn programmatically all this thing in
further chapter.
http://www.java2all.com
15. There are four categories of drivers by which
developer can apply a connection between Client (The
JAVA application or an applet) to a DBMS.
(1) Type 1 Driver : JDBC-ODBC Bridge.
(2) Type 2 Driver : Native-API Driver (Partly
Java driver).
(3) Type 3 Driver : Network-Protocol Driver
(Pure Java driver for database Middleware).
(4) Type 4 Driver : Native-Protocol Driver
(Pure Java driver directly connected to database).
http://www.java2all.com
16. (1) Type 1 Driver: JDBC-ODBC Bridge :-
The JDBC type 1 driver which is also known as
a JDBC-ODBC Bridge is a convert JDBC methods
into ODBC function calls.
Sun provides a JDBC-ODBC Bridge driver by
“sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver”.
The driver is a platform dependent because it
uses ODBC which is depends on native libraries of the
operating system and also the driver needs other
installation for example, ODBC must be installed on
the computer and the database must support ODBC
driver. http://www.java2all.com
17. Type 1 is the simplest compare to all other driver
but it’s a platform specific i.e. only on Microsoft
platform.
The JDBC-ODBC Bridge is use only when there
is no PURE-JAVA driver available for a particular
database.
Architecture Diagram:
http://www.java2all.com
19. Process:
Java Application → JDBC APIs → JDBC
Driver Manager → Type 1 Driver → ODBC
Driver → Database library APIs → Database
Advantage:
(1) Connect to almost any database on any
system, for which ODBC driver is installed.
(2) It’s an easy for installation as well as
easy(simplest) to use as compare the all other driver.
http://www.java2all.com
20. Disadvantage:
(1) The ODBC Driver needs to be installed on
the client machine.
(2) It’s a not a purely platform independent
because its use ODBC which is depends on native
libraries of the operating system on client machine.
(3) Not suitable for applets because the ODBC
driver needs to be installed on the client machine.
http://www.java2all.com
21. (2) Type 2 Driver: Native-API Driver (Partly Java
driver) :-
The JDBC type 2 driver is uses the libraries of
the database which is available at client side and this
driver converts the JDBC method calls into native
calls of the database so this driver is also known as a
Native-API driver.
Architecture Diagram :
http://www.java2all.com
23. Process:
Java Application → JDBC APIs → JDBC
Driver Manager → Type 2 Driver → Vendor
Client Database library APIs → Database
Advantage:
(1) There is no implantation of JDBC-ODBC
Bridge so it’s faster than a type 1 driver; hence the
performance is better as compare the type 1 driver
(JDBC-ODBC Bridge).
http://www.java2all.com
24. Disadvantage:
(1) On the client machine require the extra
installation because this driver uses the vendor client
libraries.
(2) The Client side software needed so cannot
use such type of driver in the web-based application.
(3) Not all databases have the client side
library.
(4) This driver supports all JAVA applications
except applets. http://www.java2all.com
25. (3) Type 3 Driver: Network-Protocol Driver (Pure
Java driver for database Middleware) :-
The JDBC type 3 driver uses the middle
tier(application server) between the calling program
and the database and this middle tier converts JDBC
method calls into the vendor specific database
protocol and the same driver can be used for multiple
databases also so it’s also known as a Network-
Protocol driver as well as a JAVA driver for database
middleware.
Architecture Diagram: http://www.java2all.com
27. Process:
Java Application → JDBC APIs → JDBC
Driver Manager → Type 3 Driver → Middleware
(Server)→ any Database
Advantage:
(1) There is no need for the vendor database
library on the client machine because the middleware
is database independent and it communicates with
client.
(2) Type 3 driver can be used in any web
application as well as on internet also because there is
no any software require at client side. http://www.java2all.com
28. (3) A single driver can handle any database at
client side so there is no need a separate driver for
each database.
(4) The middleware server can also provide the
typical services such as connections, auditing, load
balancing, logging etc.
Disadvantage:
(1) An Extra layer added, may be time
consuming.
(2) At the middleware develop the database
specific coding, may be increase complexity.
http://www.java2all.com
29. (4) Type 4 Driver: Native-Protocol Driver (Pure
Java driver directly connected to database) :-
The JDBC type 4 driver converts JDBC method
calls directly into the vendor specific database
protocol and in between do not need to be converted
any other formatted system so this is the fastest way to
communicate quires to DBMS and it is completely
written in JAVA because of that this is also known as
the “direct to database Pure JAVA driver”.
Architecture Diagram:
http://www.java2all.com
31. Process:
Java Application → JDBC APIs → JDBC
Driver Manager → Type 4 Driver (Pure JAVA
Driver) → Database Server
Advantage:
(1) It’s a 100% pure JAVA Driver so it’s a
platform independence.
(2) No translation or middleware layers are
used so consider as a faster than other drivers.
(3) The all process of the application-to-
database connection can manage by JVM so the
debugging is also managed easily. http://www.java2all.com
32. Disadvantage:
(1) There is a separate driver needed for each
database at the client side.
(2) Drivers are Database dependent, as different
database vendors use different network protocols.
http://www.java2all.com