the occupational exposure limit (OEL) represents the maximum airborne concentration of a toxic substance to which a worker can be exposed over a period of time without suffering any harmful consequences.
the occupational exposure limit (OEL) represents the maximum airborne concentration of a toxic substance to which a worker can be exposed over a period of time without suffering any harmful consequences.
Surveillance is the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice, which is closely integrated with the timely dissemination of these data to those who need to know. To be effective, surveillance must be directly linked to preventive action.
In the case of occupational health, the actions prompted by the surveillance system should be directed not only at the individual case or the affected group, but also at the responsible workplace factors.
Surveillance programs (i.e., 2ry prevention) should be designed to support programs intended to control workplace hazards (i.e., 1ry prevention).
In OSH, surveillance programs should:
• Identify cases of occupational illness or injury; and/or
• Monitor trends of occupational illness or injury.
:Why Occupational safety,Important factors of Occupational safety in Agriculture.causes and common types of accidents.Occupational safety is very important and it is the joint responsibility of all: the government,the employer and the worker.
Surveillance is the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice, which is closely integrated with the timely dissemination of these data to those who need to know. To be effective, surveillance must be directly linked to preventive action.
In the case of occupational health, the actions prompted by the surveillance system should be directed not only at the individual case or the affected group, but also at the responsible workplace factors.
Surveillance programs (i.e., 2ry prevention) should be designed to support programs intended to control workplace hazards (i.e., 1ry prevention).
In OSH, surveillance programs should:
• Identify cases of occupational illness or injury; and/or
• Monitor trends of occupational illness or injury.
:Why Occupational safety,Important factors of Occupational safety in Agriculture.causes and common types of accidents.Occupational safety is very important and it is the joint responsibility of all: the government,the employer and the worker.
Role of occupational hygienist, identification and assessment of workplace health hazards, health exposure routes. Foundation level training for health and safety professionals.
An industrial hygiene program is critical to environmental, health and safety. A good program can maximize worker health and safety, while a poor program can compromise safety and lead to frustration and confusion. The implementation and ongoing management of your employees' health and safety depends on a well-designed and properly executed industrial hygiene program.
Occupational Health & Safety PresentationMark Zeeman
Presentation to (New & Old) employees on OH & S issues. An informed package to refresh & introduce others to issues involved within the workplace. It is focused on everyday issues occuring in work. Provides an awareness of rights & responsibilities of employees & employers. It is expected that any issues unresolved will be voiced objectively as possible. The overall intent is to provide a campaign on issues in both safety and health.
A Certified Industrial Hygienist (CIH) is a licensed professional who has both the required education and first-hand experience to identify, assess and control hazards in the workplace. These individuals are responsible for improving the overall health and safety of people at work by helping to prevent illnesses and injuries that can result from physical, chemical, biological and ergonomic conditions.
الصحة المهنية هى العلم الذى يتعلق بالتوقع والتعرف والتقييم والسيطرة على ظروف العمل المختلفة التى قد تؤدى إلى إصابة العاملين وتعرض صحتهم للخطر.
ويستخدم أخصائى الصحة المهنية القياسات البيئية والطرق التحليلية لتحديد لأى مدى يتعرض العاملون لمخاطر العمل ومن ثم يقوموا بإستخدام طرق السيطرة المختلفة للسيطرة على هذه المخاطر ومنع تعرض العاملين لمخاطرها.
INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE
. . . “that science and art devoted to the anticipation, recognition,
evaluation, and control of those environmental factors or stresses
arising in or from the workplace, which may cause sickness,
impaired health and well-being, or significant discomfort among
workers or among the citizens of the community.”
OSHA OFFICE OF TRAINING AND EDUCATION
These materials were developed by OSHA’s Office of Training and
Education and are intended to assist employers, workers, and others as
they strive to improve workplace health and safety. While we attempt to
thoroughly address specific topics, it is not possible to include discussion
of everything necessary to ensure a healthy and safe working environment
in a presentation of this nature. Thus, this information must be
understood as a tool for addressing workplace hazards, rather than an
exhaustive statement of an employer’s legal obligations, which are defined
by statute, regulations, and standards. Likewise, to the extent that this
information references practices or procedures that may enhance health or
safety, but which are not required by a statute, regulation, or standard, it
cannot, and does not, create additional legal obligations. Finally, over time,
OSHA may modify rules and interpretations in light of new technology,
information, or circumstances; to keep apprised of such developments, or
to review information on a wide range of occupational safety and health
topics, you can visit OSHA’s website at www.osha.gov.
1
INTRODUCTION
Industrial hygiene has been defined as “that science and art devoted to the anticipation,
recognition, evaluation, and control of those environmental factors or stresses arising in
or from the workplace, which may cause sickness, impaired health and well-being, or
significant discomfort among workers or among the citizens of the community.”
Industrial hygienists use environmental monitoring and analytical methods to detect the
extent of worker exposure and employ engineering, work practice controls, and other
methods to control potential health hazards.
There has been an awareness of industrial hygiene since antiquity. The environment and
its relation to worker health was recognized as early as the fourth century BC when
Hippocrates noted lead toxicity in the mining industry. In the first century AD, Pliny the
Elder, a Roman scholar, perceived health risks to those working with zinc and sulfur. He
devised a face mask made from an animal bladder to protect workers from exposure to
dust and lead fumes. In the second century AD, the Greek physician, Galen, accurately
described the pathology of lead poisoning and also recognized the hazardous
exposures of copper miners to acid mists.
In the Middle Ages, guilds worked at assisting sick workers and their families. In 1556,
the German scholar, Agricola, advanced the science of industrial hygiene even further
...
Do you want to be a hero? Industrial hygienists do it everyday in the workplace. They protect workers from health hazards that include a variety of dust, mists, fumes, gases, and vapors by testing the atmosphere in which they breath and evaluate the exposure against standards and guidelines. They are interested in examining all of the potential toxins in the air, on building surfaces, those that can be ingested or a combination thereof. It's not an easy task. Industrial hygienist need to talk with many stakeholders in finance, engineering, human resources, public policy, medicine, law, etc. The idea is to identify the potential health hazards that may cause harm to workers, unsuspecting public, and the environment. Many of these hazards involve chemicals, biological and physical agents, radiological exposure, human factors and ergonomics, indoor air quality, toxicology and epidemiology, handling and storage, transportation, research and development, and many other considerations. So if you want to be a hero, contact your local section of the American Industrial Hygiene Association. They can provide the information that you will need for a career pathway from academia to senior business professional.
Occupational Disease and Preventive MeasureRajan Kawan
This Slide is all about the Occupational Disease, Types of occupational Hazards and its Preventive measures.
Explore the realm of occupational diseases and their prevention strategies in this informative presentation. Delve into the risks that workers face due to their job roles and discover proactive measures that can be implemented to ensure a safer and healthier workplace. Uncover the insights you need to protect employees and enhance workplace well-being.
#OccupationalDisease #WorkplaceHealth #PreventiveMeasures #EmployeeWellbeing #SafetyAtWork
Dental occupational hazards & Safety Practices in Dental SettingsGhada Elmasuri
This ppt describes the biological, chemical, environmental, physical, and psychological workplace hazards that may apply to dentistry with specific standards to protect such exposure.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
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Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
2. Introduction to Industrial Hygiene
What is industrial hygiene?
• occupational hygiene; health hygiene.
• to prevent the occurrence of occupational diseases and
injuries in industries.
• Hazards- Anticipate,Recognize, Evaluate & Control
• sciences and arts: physics,chemistry, human anatomy,
mathematics and physiology; creativity, curiosity and
communication skills
3. History of industrial hygiene
4th century BC
Hippocrates
He recognised and
recorded the
problem of lead
poisoning among
miners.
1st century AD
Pliny the Elder
He described exposure
to zinc and sulphur
among labourers in the
“Natural History” series.
Besides that, he also
devised a protective
mask for miners made
from an animal bladder
to be tied over the
mouth to prevent
inhalation of dust and
lead.
2nd century AD
Galen
This Greek physician
recognised the
hazards of copper
mining as the miners
were exposed to acid
mist.
4. History of industrial hygiene
1473
Ulrich Ellenbog
He published a pamphlet
about occupational
diseases and illnesses
among gold miners. He
discussed toxic fumes
and vapours, and
described ways of coping
with the hazards.
1556
George Bauer
(Georgius Agricola)
This mining town physician in Joachimcal, a place where
silver mining was one of the primary occupations, wrote a
12-series volume set named De Re Metalicca (Latin for
On the Nature of Metals).
The book covered mining geology, environmental
contamination, management technique, mine ventilation,
ergonomics and illnesses suffered by miners. The book
described the injuries and sicknesses of the miners, and
it also discussed treatments and preventive measures for
the occupational diseases.
He also discussed silicosis, a lung disease caused by
inhaling silica dust.
5. History of industrial hygiene
1567
Theophrastus Bombastus von
Hohemheim (Paracelsus)
In Miners ‘Sickness and other Diseases
of Miners, Paracelsus described the
differences of the employees’ conditions
between “chronic” and “acute” poisoning.
He also described the physical and
behavioral effects of mercury exposure.
He uttered the phrase “All substance are
poisons; there is none which is not
poison. The right dose differentiates a
poison and a remedy”
1700
Bernardino Ramazzini
He is known as the Father of
Industrial Hygiene. He wrote a book
titled De Morbis Artificum (Diseases
of Employees). He is the first person
to make a connection between
occupations and diseases by urging
physicians to include important
questions such as “Of what trade are
you?”
6. History of industrial hygiene
Late 1770s
Sir George Baker
He correctly found
the link “Devonshire
Colic” to lead
poisoning in cider,
the traditional drink
of Devonians.
1833
Percival Pott
He is the first to link
cancer to chemical
exposure. He observed
the development of
scrotal cancer in London
chimney sweepers. He
found out that the cancer
was caused by the soot
that the sweepers rarely
washed away.
Early 1990s
British Government
English Factory Act
The Act focused on
compensation rather
than safety practices. It
led to improvements in
safety as the Act also
gave employers
financial incentives to
prevent accidents.
7. Alice Hamilton
History of industrial hygiene
Early 1990s
This American physician emphasised on
employees welfare. She identified hazards
and illnesses and recommended prevention
measures. She also raised public
consciousness about employee safety. Her
work can be found in these two publications:
Industrial Poisons in the United States (1925)
and Exploring the Dangerous Trades (1943).
2016
8. The Importance of Occupational Hygiene
• 2,000,000 work-related deaths per year.
• 386,000 deaths each year from exposure to airborne
particulates.
• 152,000 deaths per year from carcinogens in the
workplace.
• 37% of Lower Back Pain is attributed to occupation.
The World Health Organisation estimates that
globally there are:
10. Definition of Industrial Hygiene
• According to OSHA (1998), industrial hygiene is
defined as the science and art devoted to the
anticipation, recognition, evaluation and control of
environmental factors or stresses.
11. • Industrial hygienist is a person having college or
university degree(s) in engineering, chemistry,
physics, medicine, or related physical and biological
sciences, who has also received specialized training
in recognition, evaluation, and control of workplace
stressor and therefore achieved competence in
industrial hygiene.
Industrial Hygienist?
12. Factors or stresses :
Chemical agents
Dust, mists, vapours, gases, fumes.
Physical agents
Ionising, non-ionising radiation, noise, vibrations
and temperature extremes.
Biological agents
Insects, molds, yeast, fungi, bacteria, viruses.
Ergonomic agents
Monotony, fatique and repetative motion
13. Scope of Industrial Hygiene
Anticipation
/Recognitio
n
Evaluatio
n
Control
• Commitment
• Planning
• Design
• Training
• Hazard
Identification
• Exposure
Asessment
• Monitoring
• Studies
• Observations
• Elimination
• Substitution
• Engineering
• Administration
• Personal
protective
equipment
14. What is Industrial Hygiene
Exposure
Work Activity
Disease
Occupational
Hygiene
Occupational
Medicine
Occupational
Health
16. Occupational Physician
• Utilize the exposure evaluation and workplace
assessments;
• Identify the possible impact on the employee; and
• Provide proper diagnosis and treatment.
17. Industrial Hygiene Profession
• Registered Competent Person
• Assessor
• Hygiene Technician
• IAQ Competent Person
• Noise Monitoring Competent Person
• Mineral Dust Competent Person
• Lead Competent Person
18. 1) Examination of the industrial environment;
2) Interpretation of gathered data from studies
made in the industrial environment;
3) Preparation and proper implementation of
control measures;
4) Creation of regulatory standards for work
conditions;
Responsibilities of an Industrial Hygiene
19. 5) Presentation of competent and meaningful
testimony when called upon to do so by boards,
commissions, agencies, courts, or investigative
bodies;
6) Performance of epidemiological studies to uncover
the presence of occupation-related diseases;
7) Education of the working community in the field of
industrial hygiene; and
8) Preparation of adequate warnings and precautions
where dangers exist.
Responsibilities of an Industrial Hygiene
20. Applied science and application of IH
Diciplines Application in IH
Physics, mathematics,
human anatomy, and
physiology
Hazard evaluation of noise, illumination,
lasers, non- ionising radiation, ionising
radiation, and ergonomics.
Chemistry, anatomy
and physiology,
toxicology
Toxic chemical exposure evaluation of
carcinogenic hazard assessments and
reproductive hazard assessments.
Toxic chemical exposure evaluation of
carcinogenic hazard assessments and
reproductive hazard assessments.
21. Applied science and application of IH
Diciplines Application in IH
Statistics,
epidemiology, physics,
chemistry, anatomy
and physiology,
toxicology, language
skills
Measuring exposures to chemical and
physical agents. Interpreting laboratory
analytical reports.
Using direct-reading instruments.
Language skills Interaction with employees, management,
and clients; report writing; preparing
manuscripts of original research studies for
publication; and design and delivery of
employee education programmes.
22. Industrial Hygiene Programme
• Programme for the employees health protection and safety.
• source of information for the physician or nurse relative to
the employees working conditions, including the possible
causes of, or factors contributing to, the employees
symptoms.
• medical surveillance programme.
1) Periodic hearing tests to detect noise-induced hearing
loss;
2) An examination of the respiratory system including a
chest x-ray; and
3) Lung capacity measurements to detect scarring of the
lungs due to asbestos exposure.
23. Basic elements of IH Programme
Elements Examples
Anticipation/ recognition of
health hazards
• Watching
• Asking questions
• Observing work practices
• Reviewing chemical inventories
Evaluation of health
hazards
• Air sampling
• Noise exposure
• Ergonomic stress
Control of health hazards • Determining appropriate and effective control
measures
24. Basic elements of IH Programme
Elements Examples
Recordkeeping • Keeping accurate and complete industrial hygiene
records
• Requiring regulation
• Source of information for trending exposure
Employee training • Hazard communication programme
• New employee orientation
• Industrial hygiene responding to specific questions
• Evaluating new materials proposed for use in a
process
Periodic programme
reviews, changes, and
updates
• Changes in regulatory requirements
• New information about the toxic properties of a
chemical or
• physical agent
• Changes in a process