The document discusses industrial hygiene and occupational health. It defines health according to the WHO as complete physical, mental and social well-being. It outlines various determinants of health like heredity, environment, lifestyle and socioeconomic conditions. It discusses the importance of industrial hygiene in maintaining a safe and healthy work environment by controlling physical, chemical and biological hazards through engineering, administrative and personal protective measures.

1. INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

2. When I Asked God for Strength He Gave Me Difficult Situations to Face When I Asked God for Brain & Brown He Gave Me Puzzles in Life to Solve When I Asked God for Happiness He Showed Me Some Unhappy People When I Asked God for Wealth He Showed Me How to Work, Hard When I Asked God for Favors He Showed Me Opportunities to Work Hard When I Asked God for Peace He Showed Me How to Help Others God Gave Me Nothing I Wanted He Gave Me Everything I Needed - Swami Vivekananda

3. WHAT IS HEALTH ? Absence of disease Harmony-being at peace with the self, the community, god and cosmos The condition of being sound in body, mind or sprit especially freedom from physical disease or pain

4. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION Health is a state of complete PHYSICAL MENTAL and SOCIAL WELLBEING and not merely an absence of disease or infirmity

5. AMPLIFIED ABILITY TO LEAD A SOCIALLY AND ECONOMICALLY PRODUCTIVE LIFE

6. NEW PHILOSOPHY OF HEALTH Health is a fundamental human right Health is the essence of productive life and not the result of ever increasing expenditure on medical care Health is Inter sectoral Health is an integral part of development Health is central to the concept of quality of life Health involves INDIVIDUAL, state, and International responsibility Health and its maintenance is a major social investment Health is world wide social goal

7. DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH Heredity Environment Internal External Life style Socio-Economic Conditions

8. Heredity -Mental retardation -Heart Problems Environment -Internal Tissue, Organ, Organ system -External Housing ,water supply Psycho social Stress, WORK ENVIRONMENT and Family Structure

9. LIFE STYLE Lack of sanitation Poor Nutrition Personal Hygiene Elementary Human Habits Culture and cultural patterns

10. GOODLIFE STYLE Adequate nutrition Enough sleep Sufficient physical activity

11. SOCIO ECONOMIC CONDITIONS Economic status Education Occupation Political system

12. HEALTH SICKNESS SPECTRUM Positive health Better health Freedom from disease --------------------------------------------------------- Unrecognized sickness Mild sickness Severe sickness Death

13. MENTAL HEALTH A Mentally Healthy Person feels right towards others The balanced development of the individual’s personality and emotional attitudes which enables him to live harmoniously with his fellow men, community and social institution

14. PARAMETERS His way of living Working Leisure Way he earns and spends his money Way he sees happiness, stability and security

16. ACCIDENT Every disabling “ACCIDENT ” should be looked on NOT as an unaccountable misfortune brought by FATE BUT As a failure By human being In foresight In action In supervision In administration In example The only part to effective accident prevention is Knowledge Action based on that knowledge Action practiced so often Becomes a HABBIT Our Aim: Safe Working Our vision: Zero Incidents

18. INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Industrial Hygiene and Health---Definition Classification of factors Affecting Health in work Environments People Contributing to Industrial Hygiene /Health What is T. L. V. ? Role of Industrial Hygiene in a Factory and it ‘s Benefits Industrial Hygiene and the Factories Act 1948

19. OCCUPATIONAL / INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE Is defined as that science and art devoted to the recognition, evaluation and control of those environmental factors or stresses arising in or from the work place which may Cause: Sickness Impaired Health and Wellbeing Significant Discomfort In-efficiency among workers or among citizens of community

20. CLASSSIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING HEALTH AT WORK PLACE 1] Physical Agents 2] Chemical Agents 3] Biological Agents 4] Psycho Social Factors

21. Physical Agents Electromagnetic Radiation Ionized Radiation Thermal Environment [air temperature, humidity, air movement ,radiant temperature ] Noise and vibration Atmospheric Pressure Repeated motion and pressure Posture Illumination

22. CHEMICAL AGENTS Dust : Mechanically Generated Fumes: Chemically Generated Mist : Tiny Liquid Particles Smoke: Product of Combustion, Organic in nature

23. Their Effects Depend On Chemical Nature Particle size Concentration Duration of Exposure Mode of Entry

24. EFFECTS OF CHEMICALS CAN BE CLASSIFIED AS IRRITANTS : Chlorine, Ammonia ,HCHO FIBROGENIC :Coal ,Silica, Asbestos, Iron dust TOXIC :H2S,Manganese,Lead,Mercury,Cadmium ALLERGIC :Cutting oils, isocyanides DERMATITIC :Coolants, Solvents, Thinners ,Alkalies CARCINOGENIC :Benzedine, Dye intermediates, Certain antioxidants, PVC

25. BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTS Bio aerosol Moulds Fungi Spores THEY MAY CAUSE INFECTION : Virus, Bacteria Infestation : Parasites Allergy : Pollen grains, Cotton Dust

26. PSYCHO SOCIAL FACTORS Company Policy and administration Supervision Relationship with Superiors Relationship with subordinates Work conditions Salary Status Security

27. EDUCATION 0F WORKERS on Personal Hygiene Eating and Drinking habits Skin hygiene Oral hygiene Working cloths Discouragement of offensive habits Positive health instructions House keeping and maintenance

31. CONTROL CAN BE ACHIEVED BY Enclosure of process Making the process wet Finding a harmless or less harmless substitute Isolating hazardous operations Changing the process Providing PPE Training employees Proper maintenance of plant and equipment Good house keeping Applying preventive standards Periodic inspections, tests and examinations Natural/ exhaust ventilation Use of barrier creams Good sanitary facilities

32. USES OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE SURVEYS To determine the workers exposure to toxic agents To check the effectiveness of technical services eg Ventilatory systems in a plating shop To determine if complaints are justified To check adherence to hygiene standards and norms To have base line data

33. To compare the standard of working environment To assess fire/explosion level of flammable /explosive substances To have safe and healthy work environment To find the effectiveness of a new machine process or systems To protect the workers health and well being

34. PEOPLE CONTRIBUTING TO INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE/HEALTH/OHC Occupational Physician Industrial Hygienist Safety Officer Occupational Health Nurse

35. T. L .V T L V is the time weighted average concentration to which a normal person may be exposed day after day for 7to 8 hours over a period of 40/48 hours a week without adverse effects Units of TL V : mg per cubic meter--mg/m3 Parts per million parts --ppm 1ppm =1inch in 16miles 1ppm =1 minute in 2 years 1ppm =0.0001% 1% =10.000ppm

36. NOW YOU CAN IDENTIFY WHAT IS THE: The Agency The Environment The Potential Sub Cause The Potential Effect The Possible preventive Action

37. WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS? You know the population index of workers Exposed A relative toxicity index comparing a mild toxic substance An incidence index Fire and explosion hazard

38. Example NOISE- IS AN Annoyance Interferes with working efficiency Induces Stress Disturb concentration Hinders communication esp. warning signal Damages workers hearing capacity

39. COMPARISON OF NOISE LEVELS SPL Typical environment Subjective Description 160 Turbo jet engine with 3200 kg thrust 140 30 meters from Intolerable noise military aircraft at take off 130 Pneumatic chipping and riveting- operators table 120 Boiler shop, shipping engine room SPL dB[A]

40. 110 Sheet metal shop Textile weaving room 100 Automatic lathe shop Very noisy 90 Heavy lorries at 6 m 80 Curbside of busy street 60 Restaurant, Departmental stores Noisy 50 Conversational speech at 1m 40 Average village area Quiet 30 Residential area Very quiet 20 Recording studio

41. NOISE CONTROL TECHNIQUES Engineering Control Administrative Control Personal Protective Equipments Medical Control

42. ENGINEERING CONTROL Acoustical Insulation Mufflers Covers Shields Vibration mounts Directionality ie change direction of noise away from exposure area Equipment design modifications -eg low noise burner

43. ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL AND P P E Changing Procedures or duties Provide approved and suitable Ear Muffs Ear Plugs

44. MEDICAL CONTROL INCLUDES Pre Employment Medical examination Periodic medical Examination Implementing Hearing Conservation Programme

45. CAUSES OF RESPIRATORY HAZARDS DUE TO GASES AND VAPOURS Inadequate process control Operation and maintenance malpractices Inadequate maintenance Incomplete understanding of the Process Incorrect selection and/ or maintenance of respiratory protective equipments

46. COMPONENTS OF A RESPIRATORY PROTECTIVE SYSTEM Protection Comfort Vision Speech Compatibility Robustness

47. YOU MUST KNOW Administrative Information Synonyms and Identifiers Special reference Manufacturing/use information Chemical safety and handling Chemical and Physical properties Environmental Standards and Regulations Environment Fate and Exposure Metabolism and pharmacokinetics Animal Toxicity Human Health Effects Emergency Medical Treatment

48. BENEFITS You can keep the known hazards under control Find causes Establish Hygiene Standards Decide on priorities for preventive action Make the work environment ambient Prevent accidents Increase morale of workers Law abiding people Eco friendly manufacturer Impressive behavioral and attitudinal changes

49. ECONOMIC BENEFITS Increased production Less expenditure on curative aspect on the part of sick people Less absenteeism

50. COMMON UNIT OPERATIONS IN A CHEMICAL FACTORY ARE ALKYLATION AMINATION BY REDUCTION AMMONOLYSIS AROMATIZATION OR CYCLIZATION COMBUSTION DEHYDRATION DEHYDROGENATION HALOGENATION HYDROLYSIS ION EXCHANGE

51. ISOMERISATION Same molecular formula with different molecular structure OXIDATION Electrons are removed, addition of oxygen, electronegative constituents is increased REDUCTION Addition of electrons

52. CLASSIFICATION OF HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH UNIT OPERATIONS TOXICITY HAZARDS ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS FIRE AND EXPLOTION HAZARDS MECHANICAL HAZARDS REACTION HAZARDS

53. TOXICITY HAZARD Inhalation - Vapor ,mist or dust Absorption - Skin or eyes Oral -Ingestion Carcinogenic Mutagenic

54. ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS Air releases Ground spills Handling and disposal of waste Odor problem

55. FIRE AND EXPLOTION HAZARDS Leaks of flammable materials Explosive mixtures Auto ignition Electrical/static discharge Toxicity of products

56. MECHANICAL HAZARDS Over pressurization System leak Rotating/moving equipments Thermal burns Noise generation Equipment/utility failure

57. REACTION HAZARDS Failure to control exothermic reactions Side reactions Feed ratio or rate variation

58. FACTORS INVOLVING EXPOSURE EVALUATION Continuous or batch or intermittent . Open or closed . Elevated pressure/temperature . Ambient pressure/temperature . Controlled or uncontrolled . Automated or manual

59. STRESS WARNING SIGNALS PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS BEHAVIOURAL SYMPTOMS EMOTIONAL SYMPTOMS COGNITIVE SYMPTOMS Source- The Hindu

60. PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS Head ache Back pain Indigestion Tight neck, shoulders Stomachaches Racing heart Sweaty palms Restlessness Sleep difficulties Tiredness Dizziness Ringing in ears

61. BEHAVIOURAL SYMPTOMS Excess smoking Grinding of teeth at night Business Overuse of alcohol Compulsive gum chewing Compulsive eating Attitude critical of others Inability to get things

62. EMOTIONAL SYMPTOMS Crying Overwhelming sense of pressure Nervousness, anxiety Anger Boredom-no meaning to things Loneliness Edginess-ready to explode Un happiness for no reason Feeling powerless to change things easily upset

63. COGNITIVE SYMPTOMS Trouble thinking clearly Inability to make decisions Forgetfulness Thoughts of running away Lack of creativity Constant worry Memory loss Loss of sense of humor

64. 1 SPEAK TO PEOPLE : There is nothing as nice as a cheerful greeting 2 SMILE: It takes 72 muscles to frown and only 4 muscles to smile 3 CALL PEOPLE BY NAME : Every is pleased when you remember their name 4 BE FRIENDLY AND HELPFUL : and others will respond in like manner

65. 5 SPEAK AND ACT As if everything you do were a genuine pleasure 6 BE GENUINELY Interested in people 7 BE GENEROUS with praise and cautious with criticism 8 BE CONSIDERATE with the feelings of others-it will be appreciated 9 BE THOUGHTFUL of the opinions of others, there are 3 sides to any controversy-yours, the other persons and the right one 10 BE WILLING to give, what counts most in life is what we do for others

66. REMEMBER Important changes take place Only when the people Themselves Become actively responsible For their own and Their community's health

67. WISHING YOU A SAFE, HEALTHY AND HAPPY LIFE Thank you C. MUTHU