Bacterial infections of the skin
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This document summarizes different types of bacterial skin infections: 1) Impetigo can be bullous or non-bullous, caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus, and presents as thick-walled bullae without erythema (bullous) or thin-walled transient bullae with erythema (non-bullous). 2) Folliculitis can be superficial or deep, presenting as pustules in crops on the scalp, hairline, or extremities (superficial) or chronic folliculitis of the legs in young Indian males (deep). 3) Staphylococcus aureus causes furuncles (boils) and
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Bullous disorders
Bulloous disorders (BSDs) are skin conditions characterized by blister formation between the epidermis and dermis layers of the skin. BSDs are mostly autoimmune in nature and can be caused by genetic factors, physical trauma, inflammation, the immune system, or drug reactions. The main types are genetic blistering diseases like epidermolysis bullosa, and immunobullous diseases like pemphigus and pemphigoid which involve antibody-mediated blistering between skin layers. Pemphigus is an intraepidermal immunobullous disease affecting the skin and mucous membranes, while bullous pemphigoid is a subepidermal immunobullous condition commonly affecting
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This document summarizes several bullous diseases:
1. It describes the locations and characteristics of vesicles and bullae. Vesicles can form within or under the epidermis or between the dermis and epidermis.
2. It then focuses on three main immunobullous diseases - pemphigus, pemphigoid, and linear IgA bullous disease. Pemphigus is caused by antibodies against desmoglein proteins and features flaccid blisters. Pemphigoid features tense blisters caused by antibodies against basement membrane proteins. Linear IgA bullous disease clinically resembles pemphigoid.
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Atopic dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by dry, itchy skin lesions. It is associated with elevated IgE levels and a family history of atopic diseases. The causes involve genetic susceptibility and environmental triggers that disrupt the skin barrier and promote a TH2-mediated immune response. Treatment focuses on identifying and avoiding triggers while improving the skin barrier with emollients and controlling inflammation with topical corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors. New targeted therapies that block cytokines and immune cells involved in AD pathogenesis are under investigation.
Bacterial skin infection- dermatology
This document discusses various bacterial skin infections, including:
- Impetigo, which is caused by Staph aureus or Strep and presents as non-bullous or bullous sores;
- Folliculitis, which is the inflammation of hair follicles that can be caused by Staph;
- Furuncles/boils and carbuncles, which are deep Staph infections of hair follicles;
- Cellulitis, a bacterial infection of subcutaneous tissues, and erysipelas, a superficial streptococcal infection;
- Erythrasma, a chronic infection of the skin caused by Corynebacterium minutissimum.
Atopic dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with respiratory allergies. It is characterized by recurrent eczematous lesions and intense itch. Genetic factors like filaggrin mutations cause skin barrier defects allowing allergens and microbes to trigger immune responses. The disease involves type 2 immunity cytokines activating neurons to produce itch. Staphylococcus aureus colonization exacerbates inflammation. Clinical features include erythematous patches and plaques with lichenification in chronic cases.
Bacterial infection of the skin
Bacterial infections of the skin can be either primary (caused by a single pathogen affecting normal skin) or secondary (occurring in already diseased skin). Common primary pathogens include Staphylococcus aureus, beta-hemolytic streptococci, and coryneform bacteria. S. aureus is responsible for infections like impetigo, folliculitis, furuncles, carbuncles, scalded skin syndrome, and toxic shock syndrome. Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci cause impetigo and cellulitis. Other bacterial infections include ecthyma, erysipelas, cellulitis, cutaneous abscesses, and necrotizing fasciitis. Laboratory diagnosis involves specimen collection
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Increased skin perfusion leads to
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Bulloous disorders (BSDs) are skin conditions characterized by blister formation between the epidermis and dermis layers of the skin. BSDs are mostly autoimmune in nature and can be caused by genetic factors, physical trauma, inflammation, the immune system, or drug reactions. The main types are genetic blistering diseases like epidermolysis bullosa, and immunobullous diseases like pemphigus and pemphigoid which involve antibody-mediated blistering between skin layers. Pemphigus is an intraepidermal immunobullous disease affecting the skin and mucous membranes, while bullous pemphigoid is a subepidermal immunobullous condition commonly affecting
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This document summarizes several bullous diseases:
1. It describes the locations and characteristics of vesicles and bullae. Vesicles can form within or under the epidermis or between the dermis and epidermis.
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This document discusses various bacterial skin infections, including:
- Impetigo, which is caused by Staph aureus or Strep and presents as non-bullous or bullous sores;
- Folliculitis, which is the inflammation of hair follicles that can be caused by Staph;
- Furuncles/boils and carbuncles, which are deep Staph infections of hair follicles;
- Cellulitis, a bacterial infection of subcutaneous tissues, and erysipelas, a superficial streptococcal infection;
- Erythrasma, a chronic infection of the skin caused by Corynebacterium minutissimum.
Atopic dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with respiratory allergies. It is characterized by recurrent eczematous lesions and intense itch. Genetic factors like filaggrin mutations cause skin barrier defects allowing allergens and microbes to trigger immune responses. The disease involves type 2 immunity cytokines activating neurons to produce itch. Staphylococcus aureus colonization exacerbates inflammation. Clinical features include erythematous patches and plaques with lichenification in chronic cases.
Bacterial infection of the skin
Bacterial infections of the skin can be either primary (caused by a single pathogen affecting normal skin) or secondary (occurring in already diseased skin). Common primary pathogens include Staphylococcus aureus, beta-hemolytic streptococci, and coryneform bacteria. S. aureus is responsible for infections like impetigo, folliculitis, furuncles, carbuncles, scalded skin syndrome, and toxic shock syndrome. Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci cause impetigo and cellulitis. Other bacterial infections include ecthyma, erysipelas, cellulitis, cutaneous abscesses, and necrotizing fasciitis. Laboratory diagnosis involves specimen collection
Erythroderma
Erythroderma is defined as the scaling erythematous dermatitis involving 90% or more of the cutaneous surface.
Also known as exfoliative dermatitis
Idiopathic exfoliative dermatitis – also known as the “red man syndrome”, is characterized by marked palmoplantar keratoderma, dermatopathic lymphadenopathy,increased IgE.
Increased skin perfusion leads to
Temperature dysregulation >
Resulting in skin loss and hypothermia >
High output state >
Cardiac failure
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Increased dehydration due to transpiration (similar to burns)
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- Folliculitis is an infection and inflammation of hair follicles that causes red bumps or pus-filled blisters. Common causes are bacteria (especially staph), viruses, fungi or ingrown hairs.
- There are two main types - superficial involving the upper part of the follicle and deep involving the lower part or whole follicle. Deep types include boils, carbuncles or sycosis barbae.
- Diagnosis involves examination of symptoms and signs. Treatment focuses on antibiotics, anti-fungals, reducing inflammation, draining pus or preventing
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2. The pathogenesis is multifactorial involving genetic predisposition, skin barrier dysfunction, and immune abnormalities.
3. Treatment focuses on managing flares with topical corticosteroids and infections, while remission involves long-term emollient use and trigger avoidance.
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This document discusses various skin conditions and infections caused by bacteria, fungi, and viruses. It provides information on pathogens, signs and symptoms, and management for conditions like impetigo, boils, carbuncles, folliculitis, acne, ringworm, athlete's foot, candidiasis, herpes, and more. Treatment involves topical antiseptics, antibiotics, antifungals, or antivirals as appropriate for each condition. Prevention emphasizes hygiene, avoiding irritation, and not spreading infections between individuals.
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3. Treatment for folliculitis involves keeping the area clean and using topical antibiotics. Boils and carbuncles often require incision, drainage and a course of systemic antibiotics to resolve the infection. Recurrence is possible if the predisposing causes are not
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Diseases of external ear 1
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Milady nail disease & disorder
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Commonest diseases and tumours of oral cavity
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1.DEEP FUNGAL INFECTIONS 10th feb 2022.pptx
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disease of external ear.pptx
The document discusses diseases of the external ear. It begins with anatomy and physiology of the external ear. It then discusses classifications of external ear diseases including congenital, inflammatory/infectious, reactive, trauma, and tumors. Specific conditions are then discussed in more detail such as preauricular sinus, otitis externa, furunculosis, malignant otitis externa, perichondritis, relapsing polychondritis, herpes zoster oticus, bullous myringitis, granular myringitis, eczema, and auricular hematoma. For each condition, symptoms, signs, causative organisms, diagnosis, and treatment approaches are outlined.
Palmoplantar keratoderma
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Localising the lesion of the CNS
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Bacterial infections of the skin
- 2. IMPETIGO • Latin = to attack • Superficial contagious infection • Bullous & non bullous • S . Aureus ,strepto
- 6. Differences • Bullous • Staph aureus • Any age,neonates infants • Thick walled bullae • No erythema • Extend peripherally impetigo circinata • Adenitis & compli rare • Non bullous • Staphstepto • Children • Thin walled , transient • Erythema • No central clearing • Cellulitis , AGN, adenitis
- 7. Impetigo • Non bullous or impetigo contagiosa • Honey coloured crust • Stuck on appearance • Nasal carriage of staph
- 8. Echthyma • Deeper variant • Gp A beta hemolytic strepto • Oval shallow ulcers on legs • Chocolate coloured crust • Indurated base
- 10. Folliculitis • Sup folliculitis & deep folliculitis • Sup folliculitis • Bockharts impetigo- children • Puslules in crops • Scalp , hair margin , extremities
- 11. Sup folliculitis……. • Chronic folliculitis of legs • Young indian males • Anterior aspect of legs
- 13. Deep folliculitis • Sycosis barbae- beared • Sycosis nuchae- neck • Lupoid sycosis- extensive scarring • Folliculitis decalvance – scalp – scarring alopecia
- 16. Furuncle • Boils • Staph aureus • Folliculitis + perifolliculitis • Blind boils- donot discharge pus
- 18. Carbuncle • Tender, firm to hard • Indurated lump • ‘‘A small piece of coal’’ • Gps of boils • Deep infection • Contiguous follicles
- 20. Erysipelas • Streptococcus • Upper subcu & lymphatics • Bright red , warm ,tender • Indurated plaque • Sharp border • Face ,limbs
- 22. Erysipelas
- 23. Cellulitis • Strepto • Indistict border • Adenopathy • Systemic features
- 24. Cellulitis
- 25. Lymphangitis • Strepto • Sub cut lymphatic channels • Linear , red ,tender steaks • Lesion to regional LNs
- 27. Intertrigo • LATIN Inter = between • Trigo = rubbing • Inframammary ,axillae , groin ,gluteal • Gp A & B strepto ,C.minutissimum , P.aeruginosa
- 28. Paronychia • Inflammation of post & lateral nail folds • Caused by • Staphylococcus • Streptococcus • Pneumococcus
- 29. Erythrasma • Greek = red spot • C.minutisimum • Intertriginous areas • Webspaces of feet ,axillae , groin • Sharply marginated macule • Coral red flourescence on woods lamp
- 30. Erythrasma
- 31. Pitted keratolysis • Discrete to confluent • Crater like pits • Hyperhydrosis
- 32. Trichomycosis • Corynebacterium • Trichomycosis axillaris • Adherent granular nodules on hairs in axilla
- 33. SSSS • Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome • < 5 yrs • Gp 2 phage type 71 • Exotoxin – epidermolysin • Cojunctiva ,middle ear ,nasopharynx • Generalised ,tender , erythematous • Nikolskys sign positive
- 34. SSSS • Potato – chip desquamation • Painful erosion • Mm spared • Heal in 1-2 wks
- 37. SSSS & TEN • SSSS • Staph • Infants & children • MM spared • 1-2 wks • No scarring • Good prognosis • antibiotics • TEN • Drugs • Adults • MM involved • Last > 2 wks • Scarring • Mortality 25-50% • Stop the drug
- 38. Management • Improvement of local hygiene • Avoidance of insect bite • Staph carrier site treatment • Antibacterial powder in folds • Removal of crust • Mupirocin, sodium fusidate 2%
- 39. Cutaneous tuberculosis • Exogenous source • Endogenous source • Tuberculids
- 40. Exogenous • Tuberculous chancre • Warty tuberculosis • Lupus vulgaris
- 41. Endogenous • Contiguous spread – scrofuloderma • Autoinoculation – orificial tuberculosis • Hematogenous – miliary TB , lupus vulgaris , tuberculous gumma
- 42. Tuberculids • Micropapular – lichen scrofulosorum • Papular – papular & papulonecrotic • Nodular – erythema nodosum , erythema induratum
- 43. Tuberculous chancre • No prior immunity to M .TB • Enters throu minor cuts ,wounds • >children , exposed parts • Limbs , face • Nodule – ulcer – crust - LNs
- 44. TBVC • TUBERCULOSIS VERRUCOSSA CUTIS WARTY TUBERCULOSIS • Moderate to high immunity • Hands ,lower limbs • Papule nodule - verrucous
- 47. Scrofuloderma • Extension from underlying focus • LNs or bone • Cervical region • Fistulas & sinus tracts • Undermined ulcers
- 50. Orificial TB • Autoinoculation around muco cutaneous junction • Patients with internal TB • Pulm TB – lips & mouth • Intestinal TB – anal region • Genitourinary TB – ext genitalia
- 52. Lupus vulgaris • Moderate to high immunity • Face , buttocks , thighs ,legs • Red nodule – soft plaque • Apple jelly nodules on diascopy • Ulceration ,crusting ,scarring , atrophy
- 56. Tuberculids
- 60. THANK YOU