Muscles of the axial skeleton. Pictures of the muscles, origins, insertions, actions. Does not include all the muscles we discussed in class, but includes some fun photos & side notes.
Head and Neck Human Anatomy (Muscles)
by DR RAI M. AMMAR
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this presentation comprises of everything about the process of defecation and the defecation reflex and the nerve supply involved.
also discusses about the types of defecation reflexes and deals about them seperately in detail.
Head and Neck Human Anatomy (Muscles)
by DR RAI M. AMMAR
www.facebook.com/drraiammar
www.twitter.com/drraiammar
www.instagram.com/drraiammar
www.linkedin.com/in/drraiammar
www.themedicall.com/blog/auther/drraiammar/
For Any Book or Notes Visit Our Website:
www.allmedicaldata.wordpress.com
www.drraiammar.blogspot.com
YOUTUBE CHANNEL :
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCu-oR9V3OdFNTJW5yqXWXxA
ANY QUESTION ??
Get in touch with us at Any of the Above Social Media or Email at
drraiammar@gmail.com
allmedicaldata@gmail.com
this presentation comprises of everything about the process of defecation and the defecation reflex and the nerve supply involved.
also discusses about the types of defecation reflexes and deals about them seperately in detail.
understanding spinal cord, its bransches, lesions, functions and anatomy.
hope to give you better knowledge of spinal cord by the end of it.
plese review ans comment for my future updates and corrections that iw ill be needing in this.
Neural regulation of resp by Dr. Mrs Sunita M. Tiwale Professor Dept of Phys...Physiology Dept
Describe Nervous mechanism of regulation of respiration & significance of dual control.
Describe the different respiratory centres in brain stem with their interconnections & functions.
Describe the genesis of basic rhythm of respiration
Describe the clinical relevance of the nervous control of respiration
This is a presentation on the suboccipital triangle. The objectives of this presentation are to provide an overview of the deepest set of pre-vertebral muscles. The presentation gives an overview of the suboccipital triangle, the borders, contents and it's clinical importance.
For further reading please refer to Keith Moore - Clinically Oriented Anatomy and Snell's Clinical Anatomy by Regions.
hey this is Vedika Agrawal and this presentation is TO EXPLAIN AND HELP YOU UNDERSTAND ANATOMY OF FOREARM.
The topic is usually mixed with hand making it difficult to understand and so i seperated it to make it easy for you.
Upper Limb Anatomy (Brachium, Antibrachium & Hand)
by DR RAI M. AMMAR
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www.themedicall.com/blog/auther/drraiammar/
For Any Book or Notes Visit Our Website:
www.allmedicaldata.wordpress.com
www.drraiammar.blogspot.com
YOUTUBE CHANNEL :
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCu-oR9V3OdFNTJW5yqXWXxA
ANY QUESTION ??
Get in touch with us at Any of the Above Social Media or Email at
drraiammar@gmail.com
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understanding spinal cord, its bransches, lesions, functions and anatomy.
hope to give you better knowledge of spinal cord by the end of it.
plese review ans comment for my future updates and corrections that iw ill be needing in this.
Neural regulation of resp by Dr. Mrs Sunita M. Tiwale Professor Dept of Phys...Physiology Dept
Describe Nervous mechanism of regulation of respiration & significance of dual control.
Describe the different respiratory centres in brain stem with their interconnections & functions.
Describe the genesis of basic rhythm of respiration
Describe the clinical relevance of the nervous control of respiration
This is a presentation on the suboccipital triangle. The objectives of this presentation are to provide an overview of the deepest set of pre-vertebral muscles. The presentation gives an overview of the suboccipital triangle, the borders, contents and it's clinical importance.
For further reading please refer to Keith Moore - Clinically Oriented Anatomy and Snell's Clinical Anatomy by Regions.
hey this is Vedika Agrawal and this presentation is TO EXPLAIN AND HELP YOU UNDERSTAND ANATOMY OF FOREARM.
The topic is usually mixed with hand making it difficult to understand and so i seperated it to make it easy for you.
Upper Limb Anatomy (Brachium, Antibrachium & Hand)
by DR RAI M. AMMAR
www.facebook.com/drraiammar
www.twitter.com/drraiammar
www.instagram.com/drraiammar
www.linkedin.com/in/drraiammar
www.themedicall.com/blog/auther/drraiammar/
For Any Book or Notes Visit Our Website:
www.allmedicaldata.wordpress.com
www.drraiammar.blogspot.com
YOUTUBE CHANNEL :
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCu-oR9V3OdFNTJW5yqXWXxA
ANY QUESTION ??
Get in touch with us at Any of the Above Social Media or Email at
drraiammar@gmail.com
allmedicaldata@gmail.com
A summary for learning the muscles of the hip including their attachments, innervation, etc., without having to have too many books open. Resources: "Grey's anatomy", "Taschenatlas Anatomie", "McMinn's Clinical Atlas of Human Anatomy" and Wikipedia. Awaiting further proof-reading!
A half hour talk for around 80 National Honor students on using Wikipedia effectively for academia. An updated version of this Powerpoint has been uploaded on 5/13/08 at 12.20pm. You can also view the video of this talk at http://theory.isthereason.com/?p=2192
USMLE RESP 05 thoracic wall anatomy medical chest .pdfAHMED ASHOUR
The thoracic wall refers to the skeletal and muscular structures that form the outer boundary of the thoracic cavity, providing protection to the organs within the chest in addition to running vessels and nerves.
The thoracic wall plays a crucial role in protecting the vital organs of the chest, including the heart and lungs. The coordinated action of the ribs, sternum, muscles, and diaphragm allows for the expansion and contraction of the thoracic cavity during respiration. The bony and muscular structures also contribute to the overall stability and integrity of the chest region.
This ppt contains an elaborate description of muscles, focussing on muscles of mastication. both main muscles and accessory muscles have been described along with palpation of each. A brief is given about disorders.
Muscles of mastication are the group of muscles that help in movement of the mandible as during chewing and speech. We need to study these muscles as they control the opening & closing the mouth & their role in the equilibrium created within the mouth. They also play a role in the configuration of face.
Muscles of head, Muscles of face, Muscles of neck, Muscles of shoulder girdle, Muscles of upper limbs, Muscles of thorax, Diaphragm, Muscles of abdomen, Muscles of back, Muscles of perineum, Muscles of pelvis, Muscles of lower limb, Muscles of leg, Muscles of foot
Thoracic and rib cage anatomy, biomechanics, and pathomechanicsRadhika Chintamani
This slide show describes about thoracic and rib cage in detail with its anatomy, kinetics and kinematics along with force couple. the slideshow also describes about the pathology and pathomechanics related to the topic
Introduction to science, evolution, and anatomy as a discipline. Humans in a phylogenetic framework, and a highlight of important figures in the history of anatomy.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
4. Axial muscles have both their origins and insertions on parts of the axial skeleton. Appendicular muscles control the movements of the upper and lower limbs and stabilize and control the movements of the pectoral and pelvic girdles.
5. A very good study technique is to learn all of the required muscles by palpating them on your own body and visualizing their origins, insertions, and actions.
6.
7. The epicranius consists of the occipitofrontalis muscle , which has two bellies separated by a broad epicranial aponeurosis called the galea aponeurotica .
8. The frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis muscle originates on the frontal bone and skin of eyebrows and inserts on the galea aponeurotica. When it contracts it wrinkles the forehead and elevates the eyebrows.
9.
10.
11. The occipital belly of the occipitofrontalis muscle originates on the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone and inserts onto the galea aponeurotica. When it contracts it moves the scalp slightly posterior (backwards)
12. When the occipital belly of the occipitofrontalis muscle contracts it moves the scalp slightly posterior .
13. Obicularis oris muscle consists of muscle fibers that encircle the opening of the mouth. It originates from fascia and fibers overlaying the mandible and maxillae and inserts into the skin and lips surrounding the mouth.
14.
15.
16. The platysma muscle originates from fascia of the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles and the acromion of the scapula. It inserts into the skin of the cheek and mandible.
17. The broad platysma muscles stretching the skin of the neck. Its action is to pull the lower lip inferiorly, tense skin of neck, and depress the mandible .
18. The buccinator muscle is located between the maxillae and the mandible and composes much of the fleshy wall of the cheek.
23. Read about Bell palsy in the clinical view in your text.
24. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT USED BY A CHILD IN ORDER TO HOLD A STRAW IN ITS MOUTH AND SUCK UP JUICE THROUGH THE STRAW? A PLATYSMA B BUCCINATOR C OBICULARIS ORIS D MASSETER E DIAPHRAGM
25. Read about the extrinsic muscles of the eye for your own information. We may revisit these with cranial nerves.
26. Read the clinical view in your text about strabismus
28. The term mastication refers to the process of chewing and is accomplished by muscles that move the mandible at the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).
29. The temporalis muscle passes deep to the zygomatic arch and inserts on the coronoid process of the mandible. Its action is to elevate the mandible (close the mouth)
30. The temporalis muscle originates on the superior and inferior portions of the temporal bone and inserts on the coronoid process of the mandible. When it contracts it elevates and retracts the mandible .
31. The masseter muscle , which is synergistic to the temporalis, extends from the zygomatic arch to the lateral surface of the coronoid process and the lateral ramus of the mandible. It elevates and protracts the mandible (closes the mouth).
32. The medial and lateral pterygoid muscles , elevate the mandible, protract the mandible, and move it side to side in a chewing motion.
36. Lockjaw in tetanus Opisthotonos in tetanus Read clinical view in text about tetanus and botulism
37. ACCORDING TO THE CLINICAL VIEW IN YOUR TEXT, WHERE IS BOTULISM TOXIN COMMONLY USED FOR COSMETIC PURPOSES? A IN PECTORALIS MAJOR MUSCLES TO IMPROVE CHEST SIZE B IN GLUTEUS MAXIMUS TO REDUCE STRESS AND CLINCHING C IN EPICRANIUS REGION D BELOW UMBILICUS TO IMPROVE POSTURE E IN ORBICULARIS MUSCLE TO PLUMP LIPS
39. Read about the muscles that move the tongue, the muscles of the pharynx, and the muscles of the anterior neck for your own information if you desire . We do not have time to discuss them in this class.
40. The sternocleidomastoid muscles have their origin distally on the manubrium and clavicle and their insertion on the mastoid process of the temporal bone. Their action is to turn the head sideways in a direction opposite the side on which the contracting muscle is located.
50. The erector spinae muscles provide support and movement to the vertebral column and torso to resist gravity. Therefore, this group of muscles is stronger than the antagonistic rectus abdominis muscle .
51. Hyperextending the spine during exercises can strengthen the erector spinae muscles and the transversospinalis muscles (which are deeper) so they can better stabilize the vertebrae and resist back injuries.
53. Inhalation relies upon muscles to increase the dimensions of the thoracic cavity. Exhalation is normally passive and decreases the chest dimensions.
54. The external intercostals are used in restful breathing . They cause the ribs to move up and out during inhalation thereby increasing the dimensions of the thoracic cavity. Air is pulled in by a partial vacuum.
55. “ bucket handle” movement of the ribs during inhalation and exhalation.
56. The internal intercostals , which are deep to the external intercostals, draw the ribs together and depress the thorax, thereby diminishing the chest volume during forced exhalation . Forced exhalation may also involve the abdominal muscles.
58. The diaphragm , which is skeletal muscle attached to the xiphoid process, the costal cartilages of the lower ribs, and the lumbar vertebrae, is dome-shaped and extends superiorly when relaxed and flattens out when contracted.
59. The diaphragm inserts on the central tendon , which is pulled inferiorly when the diaphragm is contracted during inhalation.
60. Movements of the diaphragm during muscular inhalation and during relaxed exhalation
61. During restful inhalation the external intercostal muscles pivot the ribs up and out to increase the dimensions of the thoracic cavity. During this same time period the diaphragm moves downward and flattens.
62. During restful exhalation the elastic recoil of the lung tissue pulls the ribs down and in and the diaphragm up (becomes dome-shaped) and the internal intercostals are NOT used. However, during forced exhalation the internal intercostals are used and perhaps the abdominal muscles as well!
63. Fracture/dislocation between C2 and C3 resulted in respirator-dependent quadriplegia . This patient cannot utilize his intercostal muscles nor his diaphragm. Read the clinical view
64. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS MOST ASSOCIATED WITH EXHALATION ? A FLATTENING OF THE DIAPHRAGM B NEGATIVE PRESSURE IN THE LUNG SPACES C CONTRACTION OF EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS D INCREASED DIMENSIONS OF THE THORACIC CAVITY E PULMONARY ELASTICITY
65. There are 4 pairs of flat, sheet-like muscles in the abdominal wall. Down the midline there is the linea alba while laterally there is the linea semilunaris . Both of these are bands of connective tissue. Linea alba Umbilicus Iliac crest Serratus anterior muscle
66. The linea alba is a midline fusion of the abdominal sheaths (aponeuroses). It visibly divides the rectus abdominis muscle . Note that the rectus abdominis muscle is transected by several tendinous intersections which give it a washboard or six-pack appearance in muscular individuals.
72. Note rectus abdominis linea alba and tedinous intersections Tendinous intersections Linea alba
73. Linea alba Linea semilunaris When it comes time to enter the abdominopelvic cavity surgically, and to minimize damage to abdominal muscles , the linea alba and linea semilunaris are typically selected as entry points. I have noticed this particularly when laproscopic surgery is being performed with specialized tools and fiberoptic cameras.
74. This type of abdominal exercise primarily strengthens the rectus abdominis muscle.
75. To strengthen the rectus abdominis muscle, and the other abdominal muscles as well, incorporate lateral twisting to touch olecranon process to distal femoral condyles in an alternating rhythm.
76. Superior view looking down into female pelvic cavity The floor of the pelvic cavity is formed by three layers of muscles and associated fasciae, collectively known as the pelvic diaphragm . These muscles collectively form the pelvic floor.
77. Inferior view of male perineum (note total diamond-shaped area) Urogenital triangle Anal triangle The levator ani is actually a group of muscles which supports the pelvic viscera and functions as a sphincter for the anus, urethra, and vagina in females
78. Inferior view of female perineum (note total diamond-shaped area) Urogenital triangle Anal triangle One of the muscles that contributes to the levator ani is the pubococcygeus. It was made famous by Dr. Arnold Kegel who advocated exercises to strengthen this muscle (Kegel exercises)
80. Superior view looking down into female pelvic cavity The pubococcygeus muscle , which is one of the three levator ani muscles, is strengthened with Kegel exercises to control urinary incontinence (by compressing the urethra) and to compress the vagina to aid in sexual enjoyment during coitus (sexual intercourse).
81. Read about how an episiotomy is performed on women as the fetus is bulging out of the vaginal opening during parturition in the clinical view in your text.
82. I just can’t wait to learn about appendicular muscles!